大气CO2富集对根际NaCl盐渍的人参果植株干物质生产和水分利用的影响

对单株砂培盆栽的半木质化枝条扦插生根的一月龄人生果（Solanum muricatum Ait.）栽培品种＂Xotus＂,每周浇两次200mL NaCl质量浓度分别为0mg·L-1和25mg·L-1的Hoagland营养液处理2个月,第二个月在控制空气CO2体积分数为（350±10）×10-6、（700±10）×10-6和（1050±10）×10-6的植物生长箱内试验。结果表明,人参果植株干物质生产量和耗水量受根际NaCl盐渍而下降,又随大气CO2升高而增加。根际NaCl盐渍能增大植株叶片蒸腾系数、根/冠比和干物质向枝干和根部分配的比例及积累量,降低根系吸收水分的效率和耗水量。升高大气CO2能促进叶片发育及干物质向地上部其他器官和地下部组织分配,增加总叶面积、比叶干重和各种器官中干物质增长量,提高干物质生产率和水分利用率。根际经25mg·L-1NaCl盐渍处理的植株,总干物质增长量和水分利用率相应下降50%～54%和24%～37%;与350×10-6CO2的处理的植株相比,700×10-6及1050×10-6CO2的处理分别使这两项指标提高到79%～106%和61%～88%以及133%～189%和99%～142%。大气CO2富集能改善受NaCl盐渍的植株干物质生产力、提高水分利用率。根际NaCl盐渍和大气CO2富集对人参果植株干物质生产和水分利用有生物互作效应。它们的共同作用会促进植株干物质的增长及叶片中合成的干物质向其他器官分配,提高干物质生产率和水分利用率,同时减少总叶面积、枝条和根系干重、根系吸水效率、植株耗水量和叶片蒸腾系数。因此,全球大气CO2富集将有利于该作物的干物质生产和水分利用。     

河南裴李岗文化聚落空间集聚分析

聚落空间分布是聚落考古和环境考古研究的重要内容之一,利用空间模型分析区域聚落分布,可以揭示区域内聚落空间分布形式和聚落之间的空间关系,为重新认识和理解聚落文化提供参考。利用GIS技术的空间模型分析功能对河南裴李岗文化聚落的空间分布特征进行分析,认为河南裴李岗文化时期聚落在空间上具有集聚型分布特征,并且具有双中心集聚结构,即具有两个空间分布中心聚落,分别为登封市唐庄乡的向阳遗址与舞阳县马村乡的阿岗寺遗址。最后从区域聚落规模对比角度对该两处遗址成为空间中心聚落的可能性进行了分析,从模型分析和区域聚落规模对比分析结果,可以认为向阳遗址与阿岗寺遗址是河南裴李岗文化时期聚落分布中心。     

The influence of natural variation in discharge on juvenile brown trout population dynamics in a nursery tributary of the Motueka River,New Zealand

The effects of natural flow variation on juvenile brown trout population dynamics were investigated by biannual sampling over 5.5 years in the Rainy River, a tributary of the Motueka River. A large flood in late March (50-year return period) substantially reduced the density (by 66%) and biomass (by 73%) of 0+ trout over autumn–spring, but the cohort responded with compensatory survival to achieve similar density and biomass by spring as in other years. A low-flow event in February–April (return period >8.4 years), when 7-day low flows fell to 56% of the 7-day mean annual low flow (MALF) and were less than the MALF for 46 days, had no adverse affect on the population. We found no evidence for density-dependent growth. However, there was strong evidence for a two-phase self-thinning response in density, with no self-thinning occurring over summer (i.e. the 0+ population remained below carrying capacity) until a threshold mass of 22.08 g (length=123.7 mm) was attained in autumn after which severe self-thinning took place over autumn to spring. The results indicate that over spring–autumn the population is insensitive to flow reduction and that over autumn–spring the effects of high (and probably low) flow events on local abundance and biomass are offset by compensatory (density-dependent) survival. However, effects on the contribution of migrants to the downstream population remain unknown. The study identified ecological redundancy, which could be exploited for flow allocation. Significantly, it has shown that minimum flows equivalent to the MALF (often advocated by New Zealand conservation and fisheries management organisations) are not always necessary for sustaining juvenile trout populations.     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TUMEN RIVER AND THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND OF ITS HINTERLAND

ＴＨＥ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ ＯＦ ＴＨＥ ＴＵＭＥＮ ＲＩＶＥＲＡＮＤ ＴＨＥ ＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣ ＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＡＬ ＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤ ＯＦ ＩＴＳ ＨＩＮＴＥＲＬＡＮＤ ＷａｎｇＲｏｎｇｆｅｎ（王荣芬）；ＬｉＷｅｉ（李为）（Ｃｈａｎｇ...     

SHORT COMMUNICATION USE OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA TO IDENTIFY EMISSOR SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS

A multivariate statistical analysis was performed by combining metal and anion data found in particulatematter from the atmosphere of Sant Adrià de Besòs(Barcelona)with SO_2,total suspended particle andsmoke values as well as with some meteorological measurements.Factor analysis allowed us in a previous work to recognize some emissor sources(soil,traffic,NO_x-SO_2,fuel oil,sea,incineration)by means of the analysis of some metals and anions.In the presentwork some meteorological data(temperature,humidity and sunshine),the concentration of SO_2 andvalues of total suspended particles and smoke were introduced into the correlation matrix in order tostudy their contribution to the identification of emissor sources.It was found that a decrease in temperature is in accordance with an increase in the presence of tracersfrom traffic emissions;chloride and humidity have a close correlation:SO_2 and sulphates come from thesame source;and oxidation from NO_x and SO_2 to nitrate and sulphate is higher with a decrease in thepercentage of sunshine.     

高速公路经济带形成演化机制与布局规划方法探讨

交通经济带是区域开发的重要模式和手段,高速公路经济带是当代最重要、最普遍的交通经济带之一。通过大量实例的观察和实证分析,结合交通经济带以往的研究成果,对高速公路经济带基本特征进行了总结,分析了其形成演化机制;对布局规划的特征、内容等方面进行了初步的总结。     

Structural patterns of land types and optimal allocation of land use in Qinling Mountains

The case study based on Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province of China, in virtue of the information from TM image, classifies the land types and analyzes their spatial and temporal differential law, and puts forward three structural patterns of land types in mountainous areas, namely, spatial, quantitative and qualitative structures of mountainous land types. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the analysis of structural patterns can disclose the heterogeneity and orderliness of combination of land types, which can lay the theoretic foundation for comprehensively recognizing ecological characteristics and succession law of structure and function of land types. After the all-around comparative analysis, an optimal allocation of land use in Qinling Mountains has been put forward according to the principle of sustainable development and landscape ecology, which can lay the scientific foundation in practice for the structural adjustment and distribution optimization from the macro level to micro level.     

台湾海峡西部海域营养盐时空变化与水文及生物因子的关系

本文报道了1984年5月至1985年2月台湾海峡西部海域(22°19′—27°25′N,116°30′—121°E)活性硅酸盐、磷酸盐和三氮总含量的平面、断面、垂直分布和季节变化及其与沿岸径流和海峡中不同水系的消长、上升流、浮游植物的关系,以及各营养盐之间及其与盐度的相关性。     

Seedling growth dynamic of Haloxylon ammodendron and its adaptation strategy to habitat condition in hinterland of desert

Through measuring the above/below-ground growth data of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings at different stages in hinterland of the desert the results show that the H.ammodendron seedling growth has demonstrated different adaptation characteristics in the continued arid environment with time and space. In May, July, September and October, the growth speed of vertical root is 0.607 cm/d,0.809 cm/d,0.155 cm/d and 0.394 cm/d, respectively; the growth speed of height is 0.093 cm/d,0.076 cm/d, 0.408 cm/d and 136 cm/d, respectively. It is explained that seedlings root system has the growth superiority in space. The maximum growth speed of below-ground (vertical root and horizontal root) of seedling is earlier than that of above-ground (height and horizontal of shoot). In the different periods, the vertical growth speed and the horizontal growth speed of below-ground is 2-10 times and 3-5 times than the height increase speed and the shoot growth speed, respectively. In the whole season, the growth speed of above/below-ground of seedlings shows the alternation growth tendency. At the different periods, the root/shoot ratio of H. ammodendron seedlings is 0.41,0.3,0.39 and 0.88. All these characteristics are the comprehensive performance of seedlings' strategy selection to adapt to the continued arid environment.     

水资源合理配置与生态环境保护方案 ——以疏勒河流域昌马、双塔、花海灌区为例

疏勒河流域是河西走廊开发利用程度最低的地区，也是甘肃省农业开发和移民的重点地区。随着移民范围和开发程度的迅速增大，水资源利用程度随之提高，水资源分布格局及地下水流场发生了重大改变，从而可能引发一系列生态环境问题。本文针对疏勒河流域移民及农业开发集中的昌马、双塔、花海灌区水资源配置问题，通过优化比较提出了最佳配置方案。