哀牢山气温时空分布特征

哀牢山气温时空分布特征：最热月为６月，最冷月为１２月（东坡）或双月（西坡）；日平均最低气温在０７—０８时出现，日平均最高气温在１５—１７时出现；平均气温的垂直分布一般是东坡高西坡低．     

A comparison of scenario-based hybrid bilevel and multi-objective location-allocation models for earthquake emergency shelters: a case study in the central area of Beijing,China

The accurate location and allocation of disaster emergency shelters are key components of effective urban planning and emergency management. Various models have been developed to solve the location-allocation problem, but gaps remain with regard to model realism and associated applicability. For the available location and allocation models of earthquake emergency shelters, uncertainty with respect to earthquake hazard, population exposure, rate of damage to buildings and the effects of evacuee behavior are often neglected or oversimplified. Moreover, modifying the models can be an alternative means of improving the solution quality when the optimization algorithm has difficulty coping with a complex, high-dimensional problem. This article develops a scenario-based hybrid bilevel model that addresses the concerns related to high-dimensional complexity and provides a higher degree of realism by incorporating the uncertainties of population dynamics and earthquake damage scenarios into location-allocation problems for earthquake emergency shelters. A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with a simulated annealing algorithm was applied to derive solutions using the hybrid bilevel model and a conventional multi-objective model, and the solutions obtained using the two models were then compared. The novel features of the study include the hybrid bilevel model that considers the dynamic number of evacuees and its implementation for earthquake emergency shelter location and allocation. The results show that the solutions significantly differ between daytime and nighttime. When applied to the multi-objective model, the optimization algorithm is time consuming and may only find the local optima and provide suboptimal solutions in the considered scenarios with more evacuees. By contrast, the hybrid bilevel model shows more desirable performance because it significantly reduces the dimensionality of the location-allocation problem based on a two-step-to-reach approach. The proposed hybrid bilevel model is proven to be useful for optimal shelter allocation, and the presented results can be used as a reference for balancing the interests of the government and residents during the planning of shelters in Beijing.     

资源优化配置与区域发展：以陕西省为例

陕西省资源丰富,科技力量雄厚,但经济发展水平不高,近年在全国的经济地位有所下降,形成一种奇怪的经济现象,即陕西现象。本文在概括、总结这种现象主要特征的基础上,深入剖析了其深层次的原因,即资源发,利用效率低下,扭转陕西现象的出路在于优化资源配置与科技进步并举,只有这样,陕西才能以最小的改革成本获取最大的改革收益。     

流体——重力式锥状单腿平台结构——土相互作用体系的地震动力响应

本文用配点法对流体——重力式锥状单腿平台结构——土相互作用体系在地震作用下的动力响应问题进行了研究。采用频域分析法，将锥柱体Ｎ等分，利用运动方程和边界条件联立解方程组，继而求出平台结构顶端弹性位移和腿柱所受的动水压力、基础平移和基础转角的频响函数。分析不同锥角下体系的动力响应的影响，并分析研究了刚性地基和考虑土——结构相互作用时结构体系的动力响应情况，得到一些很有益的结果。     

Improved land tenure not the driver of economic development in a Vietnamese community

During the restructuring of the Vietnamese economy in 1986, the Communist party of Vietnam (CPV) took the decision to leave central planning and build a market economy in Vietnam. In order to promote rural development and deal with deforestation, poverty and declining agricultural profitability, the government implemented the forestland allocation policies (FLA) and started a process of decentralization. This research note examines the impact of FLA policies on the agricultural practices of an upland community in central Vietnam and discusses the effects of increased tenure security. It is shown that the promotion of a sedentary production system has altered the sustainability of swidden agriculture leading to declining profitability and that a transition towards new crops and specialized crop cultivation has compensated for the loss. Furthermore, it is argued that the FLA policies have increased the villagers’ incentive to invest, their access to credit and the forest area of the village, but that the CPV has been the main driver of these changes rather than the increased tenure security.     

Different sperm allocation strategies in two populations of the semiterrestrial crab Neohelice granulata (Brachyura,Grapsoidea, Varunidae)

Sperm reserves are costly to produce and so the development of different sperm allocation strategies may be advantageous. Knowledge of sperm allocation strategies is important from an evolutionary perspective because they contribute to characterize mating systems. However, population differences in sperm allocation strategies of the same species have rarely been assessed. Here, we studied the male sperm allocation strategies in two different populations of Neohelice granulata in Mar Chiquita Lagoon (MCL) and San Antonio Oeste (SAO), Argentina. We found that the quantity of ejaculate transferred by N. granulata males depended on different factors such as male size and female receptivity duration, while it was independent of female size, at both study areas. Regarding the operational sex ratio factor, the amount of ejaculate transferred depended on it in MCL but not in SAO. Thus, N. granulata males may have the capacity to regulate the quantity of ejaculate transferred based on individual factors such as their own size and female receptivity duration, and population factors such as operational sex ratio, which varies in the two populations studied.     

动力定位船舶伪逆法与混沌粒子群法相融合的推力分配算法研究

动力定位船舶一般都装备冗余推进器,推力分配求解将直接影响最终定位的效果。针对伪逆法在推力分配中存在问题,提出一种把伪逆法和混沌粒子群法(CPSO)相融合的推力分配算法,该组合算法方便处理推力器各种限制条件,计算简单,能兼顾船舶的能耗及操作性,解决奇点问题。最后以某挖泥船为例,仿真结果表明该推力分配算法具备一定的实用指导价值,能有效提高船舶的定位性能。     

冬小麦干物质增长分配规律分析

分析了1995~2005年郑州农业气象试验站冬小麦叶、鞘、茎、穗不同生育期的干物质比率和增长分配规律:冬前干物质增长分配率,叶、鞘增长分配率呈波浪状变化;茎呈弧线状变化;穗呈线性增长。     

“数字空间”与“深空测绘”及其支撑技术

在对未来空间对抗的需求和测绘保障范围的拓展进行分析的基础上,提出了“数字空间”的构想和实施空间测绘(深空测绘)的发展思路;提出了“数字空间”的内涵和建立“数字空间”的技术与服务体系。“数字空间”建设应作为天空地一体数字化战场的核心内容,并为空间环境的认知与利用、控制空间以及空间目标的探测、识别、分类等技术手段提供全面的信息支撑。