Preliminary seismic hazard maps of Slovenia

The preparation of the preliminary seismic hazard maps of the territory of Slovenia has been based on an expansion of the basic approach laid out by Cornell in 1968. Three seismic source models were prepared. Two of them are based mainly on the earthquake catalogue using the Poissonian probability model. A map of seismic energy release and a map of earthquake epicenter density are used to delineate seismic sources in these models. The geometry of the third model which is based on a rough estimate of seismotectonic setting is taken from the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of a nuclear power plant in Slovenia. Published ground motion attenuation models based on strong motion records of recent strong earthquakes in Italy are used. Test maps for variable and uniform b-values are presented. The computer program, Seisrisk III, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey is used.     

Dynamic stochastic estimation of physical variables

A fundamental problem facing the physical sciences today is analysis of natural variations and mapping of spatiotemporal processes. Detailed maps describing the space/time distribution of groundwater contaminants, atmospheric pollutant deposition processes, rainfall intensity variables, external intermittency functions, etc. are tools whose importance in practical applications cannot be overestimated. Such maps are valuable inputs for numerous applications including, for example, solute transport, storm modeling, turbulent-nonturbulent flow characterization, weather prediction, and human exposure to hazardous substances. The approach considered here uses the spatiotemporal random field theory to study natural space/time variations and derive dynamic stochastic estimates of physical variables. The random field model is constructed in a space/time continuum that explicitly involves both spatial and temporal aspects and provides a rigorous representation of spatiotemporal variabilities and uncertainties. This has considerable advantages as regards analytical investigations of natural processes. The model is used to study natural space/time variations of springwater calcium ion data from the Dyle River catchment area, Belgium. This dataset is characterized by a spatially nonhomogeneous and temporally nonstationary variability that is quantified by random field parameters, such as orders of space/time continuity and random field increments. A rich class of covariance models is determined from the properties of the random field increments. The analysis leads to maps of continuity orders and covariances reflecting space/time calcium ion correlations and trends. Calcium ion estimates and the associated statistical errors are calculated at unmeasured locations/instants over the Dyle region using a space/time kriging algorithm. In practice, the interpretation of the results of the dynamic stochastic analysis should take into consideration the scale effects.     

松辽盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿地质条件

本文重点讨论了松辽盆地的地质背景、铀源条件、铀矿化异常与岩相古地理以及盆地后期改造的关系，介绍了该盆地后期改造的特征、后期改造的动力条件及铀元素的再分配，探讨了铀矿化异常与复合砂体、氧化还原条件及剥蚀面的关系。在此基础上预测了铀成矿远景地区，选出找矿的重点层位。     

华南下二叠统层状硅岩的形成及意义

华南地区下二叠统的层状硅岩分布较稳定，厚度一般为几十米，含有数量不等的放射虫和海绵骨针等，并据此可分为放射虫硅岩、海绵骨针硅岩和贫化石硅岩。化学成分特点和硅氧同位素值，具有生物化学成因硅岩的特征，与火山成因和热水成因的硅岩也有一定联系。层状硅岩的形成明显受断裂控制，硅质生物、上升洋流和水平洋流则是硅质富集、保存和沉淀的主要因素，而海底火山和热水活动的参与也起到一定促进。层状硅岩中有机碳含量丰富，平均０．６９％，是潜在的有利烃源岩。     

Another Source of Atmospheric Methane

The atmospheric concentration of methane is steadily increasin.Lacking of precise estimates of source and sink strengths for the atmospheric methane severely limits the current understanding of the global methane cycle.Agood budget of atmospheric methane can enhance our understanding of the global carbon cycle and global climate change,The known estimates of the main source and sink strengths are gresented in this paper,In terms of carbon isotopic studies,it is evidenced that the earth‘s primodial methane,which was trapped in the earth during its formation,may be another source of methane,with extensive,earth‘s degassing which is calleld the “breathing“ process of the earth and played an important role in the formation of the promitive atmosphere,large amounts of methane were carried from the deep interior to the surface and then found its way into the atmosphere.     

赣东北地区前震旦系地层金的原生富集趋势探讨

在分析变质岩的含金性及地球化学性质的基础上，认为与金成矿有关的主要元素均源自前震旦系。指出了金的原生富集趋势和存在的矿源层。为在该区寻找金矿指出了方向     

Seismic Hazard Studies in the U.K.: Source Specification Problems of Intraplate Seismicity

Although the U.K. is in an area of only low to moderate seismicity, the seismic hazard is sufficient to pose a threat to sensitive structures such as chemical plants and nuclear facilities. In quantifying the level of hazard by conventional probabilistic methodology, however, some problems arise in attempting to interpret earthquake data in terms of geological structure and faults. In the U.K., not only is it impossible to identify any demonstrably active faults, but also it is extremely difficult to discern any relationship between the pattern of seismicity and local or regional geological structure.This study discusses the use of two zonation approaches which complement each other in such a way that the general character and trend of seismicity is preserved. In one approach, the zonation is informed by the structural geology, where possible; geological zonation is avoided if it produces sources with heterogeneous seismicity. In the other approach, the record of past earthquakes is divided up into very small zones around individual epicentres or groups of epicentres, the size of each zone usually being proportional to the uncertainty in the epicentral determination of the appropriate event. This zonation preserves an observed tendency of some British earthquakes to repeat themselves. It is suggested that, in intraplate areas such as the U.K., it is often inappropriate to attempt to model individual fault sources. No faults in the U.K. are provably active. Because an earthquake of moderate size can occur on a very short fault segment, it is impractical to restrict fault modelling to major features. Even the two largest U.K. faults, suspected to be active, pose problems in attributing historical seismicity to them as distinct features.     

中国区域经济差异变化的空间特征及其政策含义研究

采用了种省区人均国内生产总值与全国平均值的离差和比离两个指标，分别判断１９９０￣１９９５年我国区域经济绝对差异和相对差异变化的空间状态，并进一步阐明了其调控区域经济差异的政策含义。     

世纪之交我国震源物理研究的进展与展望

从大陆地震震源的观测研究、震源力学的理论研究和震源物理实验三个方面，评述了90年代以来中国震源物理研究的进展.这些进展包括：大陆地震的震源参数测定；利用数字地震资料进行的“现代”震源参数的反演；地震断裂力学的应用和发展；非线性物理学在震源研究中的应用；岩石破裂实验的发展；地震前兆的物理机制的实验研究等.指出了新技术的发展和现代物理科学的发展对90年代以来震源物理研究的重要影响．展望了跨世纪的我国震源物理研究的发展方向，指出震源物理研究的进展必将在大陆地震预测和减轻地震灾害方面发挥积极的作用．     

电法勘探的发展和展望

电法勘探在经历了近一个世纪的发展后，其方法理论、仪器设备、野外数据采集、处理和解释等方面都经历了一系列重大变化．本文以方法理论的进展为主线，回顾、展望了目前电法勘探中几个重要而令人关注的研究焦点．这些问题的研究进展将会对21世纪的电法勘探产生深远的影响．