“0801南方雪灾”水汽通量与降水关系的SVD分析

利用2008年1月10日—2月2日的NCEP/NCAR逐日风场、比湿、地面气压资料以及中国地面国际交换站194站的逐日降水资料,分析我国“0801南方雪灾”期间水汽通量场的特征,结果表明我国南方是整层水汽通量及其散度的高值区。用奇异值分解（SVD）方法,分析了水汽输送通量异常场和降水异常场之间的关系,揭示出两对统计显著且天气意义清晰的耦合模态。其中,第一对模态的方差贡献率为81.50%,相应左、右奇异向量时间系数的相关系数为0.80,主要描述源自孟加拉湾及南海的西南风水汽输送异常增强并在我国川、滇、黔交界处及粤、闽、赣一带辐合时,长江以南大部分地区多雨;第二对模态方差贡献率为8.80%,相关系数为0.64,主要描述当中国大陆东部有源自西太平洋的水汽输送异常增强并在广西-浙江沿线区域辐合时,长江中下游流域多雨,但华南三省（广西、广东和福建）少雨。      

辽南小黑山地区太古宙构造变形序列

采用地质调查和显微镜下观察方法,研究了辽南小黑山区太古宙岩石组成和构造变形特征。小黑山区太古宙岩石包括上壳岩、古老片麻岩和变基性岩脉,它们在小黑山变质岩体中呈包体出现。上壳岩由黑云变粒岩、条带状闪石磁铁石英岩组成;古老片麻岩为条带状角闪黑云斜长片麻岩、条带状角闪斜长片麻岩,原岩为英云闪长岩;变基性岩脉为斜长角闪岩和角闪石岩。上壳岩堆积之后有英云闪长岩侵位,基性脉侵位于上壳岩和英云闪长岩（古老片麻岩）。小黑山区太古宙岩石经历了2幕变形：D₁幕变形主要表现为褶皱构造（DF₁）、与褶皱轴面平行的面理（DS₁）、矿物线理（DL₁）;D₂幕变形在叠加褶皱作用下形成斜歪倾伏褶皱（DF₂）,面理和线理不发育。小黑山区太古宙变质岩中发育的变形序列、构造特征、变形特征、变质条件表明,这2幕构造形迹群属于中部构造相。D1幕变形形成逆冲推覆构造,D₂幕变形形成第Ⅲ型叠加褶皱,它们都是在同方向的水平挤压应力作用下的产物。     

秦岭南北1951-2009年的气温与热量资源变化

根据47 个地面气象站1951-2009 年日气温资料,对秦岭南北近60 年温度带划分指标(包括年平均气温、日平均气温稳定≥ 10 ℃的日数与积温、最冷月与最热月气温、极端最低气温等) 的变化特征进行了分析,结果发现：秦岭南北气候增暖主要出现在20 世纪90 年代初之后,年平均气温、日平均气温≥ 10 ℃的日数和积温的变化趋势基本一致,1951-1993 年在年代波动中略有下降,而1993 年之后则快速上升;但存在着季节和区域差异。在季节上,冷季(1 月) 平均气温与极端最低气温变化趋势一致,1951-1985 年均在波动中略有上升,1985 年之后出现微弱下降;而暖季(7 月) 温度总体变化趋势不明显。在区域上,1993 年之后,秦岭以北、秦岭南坡、汉水流域及巴巫谷地的日平均气温稳定≥ 10 ℃的日数分别较1993 年之前增加了10 天、10 天、8 天和5 天,相应时段的积温分别增加了278 ℃、251 ℃、235 ℃和207 ℃;即20 世纪90 年代初以来,秦岭以北气温与热量资源增加幅度要比秦岭以南稍大一些。     

USING DEFORMED FLUVIALTERRACES OF THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER TO STUDY THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

On 20 April 2013, a destructive earthquake, the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in Sichuan, China. This earthquake did not produce surface rupture zone, and its seismogenic structure is not clear. Due to the lack of Quaternary sediment in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and the fact that fault outcrops are not obvious, there is a shortage of data concerning the tectonic activity of this region. This paper takes the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River as the research target, which runs through the Yanjing-Wulong Fault, Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault and Lushan Basin, with an attempt to improve the understanding of the tectonic activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake. In the paper, the important morphological features and tectonic evolution of this area were reviewed. Then, field sites were selected to provide profiles of different parts of the Qingyijiang River terraces, and the longitudinal profile of the terraces of the Qingyijiang River in the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was reconstructed based on geological interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, continuous differential GPS surveying along the terrace surfaces, geomorphic field evidence, and correlation of the fluvial terraces. The deformed longitudinal profile reveals that the most active tectonics during the late Quaternary in the south segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone are the Yanjing-Wulong Fault and the Longmenshan range front anticline. The vertical thrust rate of the Yanjing-Wulong Fault is nearly 0.6~1.2mm/a in the late Quaternary. The tectonic activity of the Longmenshan range front anticline may be higher than the Yanjing-Wulong Fault. Combined with the relocations of aftershocks and other geophysical data about the Lushan earthquake, we found that the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is the range front blind thrust and the back thrust fault, and the pop-up structure between the two faults controls the surface deformation of the range front anticline.     

A study on accumulation and distribution of gas in southern Songliao Basin

A number of isolated fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were developed in the early stage of southern Songliao Basin,and unified to a depression basin in the late stage.Therefore,multiple isolated lower petroliferous systems were formed with fault sags as source rocks.The source rocks of fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were mainly described with gas generation as favorable source rocks,leading to the southern Songliao Basin rich in natural gas resources combined with organic gas resources in Nenjiang Formation.A number of tectonic movements in southern Songliao Basin led to the formation of abundant structural traps and complex fault systems,and controlled the distribution strata and positions of sources rocks in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous fault sags.The oil-gas reservoirs can be divided into two types,i.e.,primary and secondary ones.The primary oil-gas reservoirs were distributed in the fault sag strata and the bottom of overlying depression strata(lower Quan-1 Member).The oil-gas reservoir accumulation depended on the trap development situation and the distance from source rocks.The preservation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs depended on the degree of reconstruction in the late tectonism.The secondary oil-gas reservoirs were distribution in the Quantou Formation of depression strata,where oil and gas reservoir accumulation depended on three conditions,i.e.,trap development situation,deep gas sources and the fault to connect the shallow traps and deep gas sources.The southern Songliao Basin is rich in lower coal type gas,upper oil-gas and biogas resources,which are important resources in the future.     

准噶尔盆地南缘深层下组合侏罗系油气成藏研究

国内外油气勘探当前正逐步向（超）深层拓展,在此背景下,准噶尔盆地南缘深层下组合侏罗系正成为该盆地油气 勘探的一个重要领域,但其成藏研究因勘探程度较低而开展工作较少。为给深化区域油气勘探及国内外同类研究提供参考 新信息,本文从烃源岩和成藏主控因素两方面开展了油气成藏研究。首先从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度三方面,结合地质 背景评价了侏罗系烃源岩的生烃潜力,发现这是一套质量良好的烃源岩,既可生油,也可生气。其次,以区内研究基础条 件相对较好的西湖1 井为例,通过分析油气地球化学特征,揭示了侏罗系烃源岩成油成气的有效性。成藏分析发现,侏罗 系所生油气能否大规模有效成藏的影响因素很多,油气充注不足和储层物性较差是今后勘探需要重点考虑的关键成藏要素。     

东海陆架盆地南部构造样式及分布特征

以东海陆架盆地南部为重点研究对象,基于区域地震反射资料,结合盆地的结构特征,分析、总结了其构造样式特征。结果表明:根据构造样式形成的动力学机制,可以将东海陆架盆地南部划分为伸展型构造样式、挤压型构造样式和复合型构造样式3类;伸展型构造样式可继续分为半地堑(箕状断陷)构造组合、复式地堑式构造组合、多米诺式断裂构造组合、掀斜断块和火成岩构造;挤压型构造样式分为挤压背斜、断背斜和叠瓦式断裂组合;复合型构造样式分为正反转构造和负花状构造。     

东海南部三叠纪地层分布

为了探讨东海南部三叠纪地层的可能分布,在充分利用东海中生代油气勘探成果的基础上,通过总结东海邻近陆域和琉球岛弧晚三叠世地层的分布特征,结合海域最新处理的地震剖面精细解释结果,综合研究认为,东海南部可能存在三叠纪地层,且可能与上覆地层之间具有"南整合北分离"的特征。由于陆域南部晚三叠世为海湾相深水环境,具有一定的生油气潜力,因此,推测海域南部三叠纪地层很可能是重要的油气勘探新领域。     

辐射沙脊群南部浮游动物的生态特征

依据2007年5月(春)、8月(夏)辐射沙脊群南部所获得的浮游动物样品,分析了该海域浮游动物的分布、时空变化及其与生态环境因子的关系。结果表明,调查海域浮游动物66种(不含鱼卵和仔鱼),生态属性以暖温性、近岸低盐种类为主;浮游动物总丰度春季(1 558.57 ind/m~3)>夏季(305.79 ind/m~3);饵料浮游动物生物量春季(2 923.75 mg/m~3)>夏季(335.46 mg/m~3);水平分布均呈现中北部高、南部低的特点。调查海域中部(4～5断面)多样性指数(H’)、丰富度指数(d)及均匀度指数(J)值较其他断面要低。相关性分析表明,春季浮游动物丰度和饵料浮游动物生物量的分布变化与浮游植物的丰度密切相关,夏季则与海水平均盐度的变化相关性显著;春、夏季浮游动物总丰度分布分别取决于优势种短尾类大眼幼体(Brachyura megalopa)和小拟哲水蚤(Paraca/anus parvus)的分布。     

秦岭南北地区光合有效辐射时空变化及突变特征

基于秦岭南北地区47个气象站1960-2011年的逐日气象数据,通过Angstrom方程和Penman-Monteith公式计算了各站点的光合有效辐射(PAR),并借助Spline空间插值、Pettitt突变点检验和相关分析等手段对PAR的空间分布、时空演变、突变特征及其可能成因进行了分析。结果表明:① 秦岭南北地区PAR的时间和空间分布特征明显,在空间上呈北高南低的分布格局;在季节分布上,夏季、春季、秋季、冬季依次减小。② 52年间,该地区年PAR整体呈显著下降趋势,下降速率由南向北,由东向西递减;时间变化方面,春季PAR呈现不显著的上升趋势,其余季节均呈下降趋势,夏季减小最快,其次为冬季,秋季最小。③ 该地区89%的站点年PAR存在突变,突变站点中的85%发生于1979-1983年间;夏季89%的站点发生突变,突变站点中的90%发生于1979-1983年间;冬季68%的站点发生突变,但突变时间同步性和一致性较差;春季和秋季突变现象不甚明显。④ 气候变化(风速下降)、城市化进程加快以及工业生产导致的气溶胶增多是导致PAR显著下降的主要原因,而火山爆发引发的气溶胶增加则是PAR波动的主要原因。