Review of the current distribution of southern elephant seals in the eastern South Pacific

The eastern South Pacific southern elephant seal population was extinguished by extensive hunting and the current presence of this species in this area is not well understood. We reviewed existing records from the 1900s to 2014 in the eastern South Pacific, as well as tagged seals and movement records in order to assess the potential immigration source of these individuals. A total of 409 confirmed sightings were compiled, ranging from the southern tip of South America (Cape Horn Archipelago) as far north as Ecuador, including some oceanic island groups. The evidence shows also that recolonisation of its former Pacific distribution has started, with slow population growth in three incipient pupping sites in southern Chile (south of 51°S). Although the source of all of the individuals in the growing colonies is unknown, evidence from tags and satellite tagging indicates that some seals come from subpopulations on the Peninsula Valdes and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, although mtDNA analysis showed, preliminarily, a greater genetic relationship only with the Falkland/Malvinas Islands rookery.     

藏南马扎拉地区玄武岩地球化学特征、成因及其地质意义

西藏东南部特提斯喜马拉雅带东段的遮拉组(J2z)中出露有大量的玄武岩,其地球化学特征对了解该地区中侏罗世的构造背景具有重要意义。本文在详细的野外工作基础上,对发现于马扎拉地区遮拉组的玄武岩进行了地球化学研究。全岩主量元素及微量元素地球化学特征显示,玄武岩属钙碱性系列,Si O2含量为47.50%~50.61%,具有高钾(K2O平均为0.61%)、高钛(Ti O2平均为4.02%)、高磷(P2O5平均为0.52%)等特点;轻、重稀土元素分馏较为明显(∑LREE/∑HREE=7.30~7.58),(La/Yb)N比值平均为7.94,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)如Ba、Th和高场强元素(HFSE)如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,呈现出典型洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特性。岩浆源于主要由石榴石橄榄岩组成的富集地幔发生10%左右部分熔融的产物,岩浆上升过程中未受到明显的地壳混染。结合区域地质资料,初步认为马扎拉玄武岩应为被动大陆边缘地幔柱或热点的产物。     

Systematic biotic responses to palaeoenvironmental change in the Late Pleistocene southern South China Sea: a preliminary study

Oxygen and carbon isotopes from the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer, trace element contents, calcium carbonate, biogenic silica, grain size, and abundances of diatoms, radiolarians and foraminifera in a deep‐sea core from the southwestern South China Sea were analysed to investigate the response of various marine ecological communities to environmental changes over the last 200 ka. The synthesised results show that the quality of the palaeoecological environment for biological growth is primarily affected by nutrient supply and terrigenous disturbance. Ba and P are important nutrient elements for the growth of diatoms, radiolarians and planktonic foraminifera. Together with dissolved silica and calcium carbonate in sea water, these elements may control microbiotic development. However, variations in Fe content appear to affect diatom and radiolarian abundance. Optimal biotic growth occurs when nutrients are abundant and when there is minimal terrigenous disturbance. Biotic growth decreases when sea water is highly oligotrophic and terrigenous input is high. Maximum biological growth occurred in the mid Holocene, but deteriorated soon afterwards owing to increased terrigenous input, causing a decrease of biological abundance and productivity in the late Holocene. The results also indicate how the Toba volcanic eruption ca. 74 ka ago contributed to changing the ecological environment in the southern South China Sea. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Abundance and biomass of meiobenthos in the spawning ground of anchovy (Engraulis japanicus) in the southern Huanghai Sea

1 Introduction Meiofauna is an important group in benthic small food web energetically due to their small size, high abundance and fast turnover rates. The production of meiofauna is equal to or higher than that of macrofau- na in estuaries, shallow waters and deep sea (Gerlach, 1971; Platt and Warwick, 1980; Heip et al., 1985; Zhang et al., 2004). A role of meiofauna may be the recycling of nutrients. Marine nematodes may keep the bacterial colonies on sand grains in active phase of growth …     

黔南台地罗甸末期—冷坞期海平面变化特征

研究结果表明,贵州南部台地相区二叠纪罗甸末期—冷坞期的海平面经历了连续7次三级旋回升-降的变化过程,这一过程可分为以早期上升较慢为特点(包括第1～3次升降旋回)和以早期上升较快为特点(包括第4～7次升降旋回)的两个不同阶段,其中以海平面第1次升降旋回的早期上升最慢,第4次的最快;海平面变化期间的海面始终都位于台地边缘坡折带之上,而最后一次海平面下降叠加东吴运动导致海水退出台地。     

2000年来塔里木盆地南缘绿洲环境演变

塔里木盆地是中国最大的内陆盆地,其南缘是中国生态环境最脆弱的地区。考古资料、历史文献及古气候信息均表明,2 000 a来该区生态环境发生了巨大变化,这种变化以绿洲时空演变和沙漠面积扩张为主要特征,导致了历史上许多著名古城镇的废弃和'丝绸之路'南道的南移。本文分析了2 000 a来绿洲的分布与演化规律,并探讨了其自然及人为原因,指出20世纪以前绿洲的演变主要是在自然因素特别是气候干旱化影响下逐步形成的,而本世纪绿洲沙漠化和环境退化则主要是在干旱大背景下人类活动的结果。为防止本区现有绿洲进一步沙漠化及环境退化,应合理使用水土资源、调整大农业结构、开发优势资源、保护天然绿洲。     

藏南亚东地区前寒武纪亚东岩群的建立及其特征

藏南亚东地区前寒武纪结晶岩系以往统称为“聂拉木群”。本次研究发现该结晶岩系可划分为上、下两部分,二者之间原始接触关系为角度不整合。下部结晶岩系为本次新建的“亚东岩群”,其岩石组合为：下部为多种片麻岩夹少量细粒石英岩和黑云片岩;中部为多种混合岩;上部为多种片麻岩夹少量变粒岩、石英岩和片岩。不同部位的片麻岩和混合岩中含辉石岩、高压麻粒岩等“暗色”包体。研究表明,亚东岩群为角闪岩相─高角闪岩相变质作用的产物,经历了多期深部构造层次的韧性变形,与“聂拉木群”显著不同。因此,认为“聂拉木群”代表喜马拉雅地区全部“前寒武系”是值得商榷的。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界成藏动力学系统分析

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界油气运移的主要动力上部和下部分别以静水压力和差异压实所产生的流体压力为主,据动力学特征、油源发育状况、封闭条件等因素,可将成藏动力学系统划分为四类:(1)它源超压成藏动力学系统;(2)自源超压成藏动力学系统;(3)自源常压成藏动力学系统;(4)它源常压成藏动力学系统.并指出镇原-泾川地区应加强自源超压和自源常压成藏动力学系统的油气勘探,而宜君-旬邑地区则以它源超压、自源超压成藏动力学系统为主要勘探对象.      

西天山南段柳树沟地区海相火山岩型铜矿床控矿条件及成因

柳树沟地区铜矿主要为裂隙式铜矿,铜矿体和铜矿化体严格限定于柳树沟-夏尔萨拉火山岩带内,受控于多级断裂构造.铜矿化地表分布范围广,矿化分散.通过火山岩、不同级别断裂构造及火山构造系统的研究,结合火山岩本身特征、矿石矿物特征以及铜矿石石英脉流体包裹体特征,提出了柳树沟铜矿的矿床类型为海相火山岩型铜矿床,并指出了找矿方向.     

华南海岸带陆海相互作用研究

全球环境变化背景下,海岸带陆海相互作用的重点应该放在地球系统的重要界面－海岸带。结合国外海岸带陆海相互作用研究,对我国华南海岸带历史与现代陆海相互作用研究的现状与问题进行较为详细的评述,并就华南海岸带开展陆海相互作用应研究的主要内容及趋势进行了探讨。