南黄海中部海底沉积物原位声速与物理性质相关关系

基于在南黄海中部获得的海底沉积物原位声速数据,分析讨论了原位声速与密度、含水量、孔隙比、孔隙度等沉积物物理性质参数的相关关系。通过回归分析建立了海底沉积物原位声速预测方程。结果表明,原位声速与上述物理参数之间具有良好的相关性,相关系数r均大于0.93。对比分析了原位声速预测方程与甲板声速预测方程的差异,两者最小相差15.8 m/s,最大相差31.3 m/s,平均差值约为22.6 m/s。将原位声速预测方程与其他研究者建立的声速预测方程进行了对比,结果表明不同声速预测方程存在明显差异,初步分析了存在差异的原因。     

浙南沿岸海表面温度分布特征(英文)

文章根据浙南沿岸3个海洋观测站大陈、坎门、南麂站51a(1960～2010年)SST观测资料,进行统计分析,得出SST时空分布特征。结果表明,浙南沿岸的SST总体呈现北低南高的趋势,冬季南北差异最小,夏季南北差异最大;51a年浙南沿岸SST总体呈现上升趋势,上升速率为0.017°C/a;SST变化存在3.5a、5a～6a、2a～7a及11a左右的振荡周期;SST主要由年循环分量决定,谐波拟合效果良好。     

Sound Velocity of Seafloor Sediment and its Response under Axial Stress-Strain

The results of axial stress-strain measurements made from short columnar samples of seafloor shallow surface sediment in the southern South China Sea area indicate that there are three kinds of variations in the longitudinal wave sound velocity, which are related to such characteristics as physical-mechanical properties, grain contact status and grain structure and microstructure of the submarine shallow surface sediment. This study may make theoretical contributions to further understanding the reliability of various submarine sediments in the southern South China Sea as bearing interfaces and such scientific objectives as phonotelemetering and remote sensing of the engineering mechanical properties of seafloor sediment.     

Anomalous winter temperature and precipitation events in southern China

This paper analyzed the anomalous low-temperature events and the anomalous rain-abundant events in January since 1951 and winter since 1880 for southern China.The anomalous events are defined using ±1σ thresholds.Twelve cold Januaries are identified where temperature anomaly below-1σ,and ten wet Januaries are identified where precipitation anomaly above +1σ.Among these events there are three patterns of cold-wet Januaries,namely 1969,1993 and 2008.The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to check the atmospheric circulation changes in association with the anomalous temperature and precipitation events.The results show that the strong Siberian High(SBH),East Asian trough(EAT) and East Asian jet stream(EAJS) are favorable conditions for low-temperature in southern China.While the anomalous southerly flow at 850 hPa,the weak EAT at 500 hPa,the strong Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and the weaker EAJS are found to accompany a wetter southern China.The cold-wet winters in southern China,such as...更多 January of 2008,are mainly related to a stronger SBH,and the circulation in the middle to upper troposphere is precipitation-favorable.In wet winters,the water vapor below 500 hPa is mainly transported by the anomalous southwesterly flow and the anomalous southern flow over the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea area.The correlation coefficients of MEJS,EAMW(East Asian meridional wind) and EU(Eurasian pattern) to southern China precipitation in January are +0.65,-0.59 and-0.48 respectively,and the correlations for high-pass filtered data are +0.63,-0.55 and-0.44 respectively,the significant level is all at 99%.MEJS,EAMW and EU together can explain 49.4% variance in January precipitation.Explained variance for January and winter temperature by SBH,EU,WP(west Pacific pattern) and AO(Arctic Oscillation) are 47.2% and 51.5%,respectively.There is more precipitation in southern China during El Nio winters,and less precipitation during La Nia winters.And there is no clear evidence that the occurrence of anomalous temperature events in winter over southern China is closely linked to ENSO events.     

Determining the number of manual measurements required to improve peat thickness estimations by ground penetrating radar

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is often used for investigating peat thickness. The quality of GPR measurements depends on electromagnetic wave (EMW) velocity estimates. The objective of this study is to determine the number of manual measurements required to minimize EMW velocity error in peatlands. A total of 175 manually measured peat thicknesses are used with a depth‐to‐target method to assess EMW velocity in two southern Quebec peatlands. Mean measured EMW velocities are 0·040 and 0·039 m ns^–1 with standard deviations of 0·013 and 0·008 m ns^–1. Statistical analyses show that at least 30 calibration points are required to minimize the EMW velocity error, regardless of the geological setting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Metamorphism and Tectonics in Southern Madagascar: An Overview

The scope of this paper is to briefly summarize the general tectonic pattern and the metamorphic evolution of the continental crust from southern Madagascar. After a presentation of the main geophysical features of the Malagasy crust, the brittle and the ductile strain patterns are established at a crustal scale. The Pan-African metamorphic zonation is discussed and interpreted through a tectonic model related to a transpressive regime.     

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.     

龙门山中央断裂南段盐井—五龙断裂的浅层地球物理方法探测

在2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震和2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震中,龙门山中央断裂南段的盐井—五龙断裂均未发现地表破裂现象,加之该断裂浅层地球物理资料极度匮乏,在一定程度上限制了对龙门山断裂带南段地震危险性的评价和发震能力的评估。针对龙门山中央断裂南段的盐井-五龙断裂经过区段的主要乡(镇)所在地多为宽度不大于300m的山间峡谷地区,且探测场区存在交通条件不便、场地工作面狭窄等问题,在浅层地震反射波法探测工作中采用小道间距、小偏移距、多道短排列接收和共反射点多次覆盖观测的地震数据采集方式,并经数据处理后获得地震反射剖面图像。浅层地震探测定位结果结合高密度电阻率成像断面、探槽开挖和钻孔联合剖面资料,共同揭示了NE向的盐井—五龙断裂在宝兴县五龙乡东风村一带精确的空间展布位置、产状规模和近地表构造形态。探测结果表明盐井—五龙断裂于五龙乡北东风村西河两岸的T1阶地处隐伏通过,性质为倾向NW的逆冲断裂,近地表倾角50°~60°,上断点埋深19m。该断裂断错宝兴西河T2、T3阶地,西河右岸T1阶地断裂通过处两侧基岩的断距6~8 m,其破碎带及其影响带宽度约30m。本文浅层地球物理探测成果可对判定盐井—五龙断裂的近地表构造活动提供可靠的地震学证据,也为地震重灾区(宝兴县城)的灾后工程选址重建、地震危险性评价和制定抗震防灾规划提供了科学的基础资料。     

2013年岷县漳县MS6.6地震前后南北地震带北段面波速度变化特征

基于南北地震带北段94个固定地震台站2013年1-9月的连续波形资料,利用背景噪声方法和层析成像技术反演该地区在2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县M_S6.6地震前后不同时间段、两个月相同时间窗长的瑞利面波速度结构与波速演化。相速度成像结果表明:岷县漳县地震前5-6月相对于3-4月,临潭-宕昌断裂带及周边地区出现了波速降低的现象,而震后8-9月相对于5-6月波速逐渐恢复升高,这说明在岷县漳县地震前两个月出现了波速低值异常,并且在低速异常区域的边界处发生了此次地震。     

川南—黔北地区晚奥陶世凯迪期早期与凯迪期晚期岩相古地理

晚奥陶世凯迪期早期与凯迪期晚期之交,是沉积演化和盆山转换极为关键的时期,在这个短暂时期内,川南—黔北地区几乎全部从碳酸盐沉积转换为碎屑岩沉积,详细研究这一转换时期的沉积特征及其岩相古地理变迁对探讨该区的沉积演化和盆地演化具有重要的意义。为了良好地揭示凯迪期早期与凯迪期晚期之交这一沉积转换关键时期的岩相古地理变化,采用层序岩相古地理编图思路,以凯迪阶涧草沟组与五峰组之间的界面作为编图的等时界面,编制了凯迪期早期涧草沟组顶部与凯迪期晚期五峰组底部2幅岩相古地理图,凯迪期早期涧草沟组顶部古地理面貌表现为古隆起、古暴露区、古剥蚀区、潮坪、局限台地、开阔台地和浅滩7个古地理单元;凯迪期晚期五峰组底部古地理面貌表现为古隆起、潮坪、浅水陆棚、深水陆棚和浅滩5个古地理单元。首次恢复了暴露区及其分布范围,更加客观地反映了凯迪期早期与凯迪期晚期之交岩相古地理格局及其演化过程。