大别山前寒武纪变质地体基本组成

本文以新城－圻春断裂为界将大别山前寒武纪变质地体划分为华北陆块南缘和场子陆块北缘两个次级变质地体，两个次级地体不仅在地球物理，构造变形方面明显不同，而且在物质成分上有显著差异，它们有各自独立的变质地层系统，遭受了不同类型的变质作用，有完全不同的岩浆活动图象，上述差异均可指示华北，扬子两古陆碰掸对接时扬子陆块北缘向北俯冲至华北陆块南缘之下，这可能包括两次合作用，从元古代开始至中生代最终结束的长期复杂     

中国中元古代裂谷作用及其对层控铜矿床的控制

本文以中国几个重要的层控铜矿为例,并以东川式铜矿及其成矿构造背景——昆阳拗拉谷为重点,分析了它们的大地构造背景和其它地质特征,指出它们均受裂谷—拗拉谷或类似的拉张-裂陷构造所控制,并归纳了这类矿床的主要特征。     

中国西沙海域永兴岛—七连屿海域鱼体内有机污染物含量特征与来源解析及风险评价

环境中的有机污染物对生态系统和人类健康产生严重威胁。有机污染物在全球海域鱼体内普遍检出,且长期食用会对人类造成一定的健康风险。为研究中国西沙海域鱼体内有机污染物污染情况、来源及生态风险,本文利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析测定了永兴岛和七连屿鱼体内有机氯农药(OCPs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量,采集了包括蜂巢石斑鱼、红裸颊鲷、黑身蓝子鱼在内的17种鱼类共50条。结果表明：鱼体内OCPs、PAHs和PCBs的总含量均值范围分别为2.23～91.57ng/g ww、2.11～31.70ng/g ww和1.55～54.04ng/g ww,平均值分别为32.50ng/g ww、17.29ng/g ww和18.79ng/g ww,中位数分别为16.92ng/g ww、13.34ng/g ww和7.61ng/g ww。双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)类农药在美欧沿海鱼体内的含量分别为0.65～107.6ng/g ww和763～5357ng/g lw,中国浙江沿海水域鱼体内PAHs含量为10.4～140ng/g ww,地中海、意大利沿海和美国查尔斯顿港口采集的鱼体内PCBs含量分别为1234～12327ng/g lw、56.8～4791ng/g lw和5.02～232.20ng/g ww,研究区DDTs和PAHs含量水平处于全球海域的低端,推测由于研究区远离污染源。利用DDTs/[双对氯苯基二氯乙烯(DDE)+双对氯苯基二氯乙烷(DDD)]比值来判断DDTs的来源,研究区50%鱼体内DDTs/(DDE+DDD)＞1,表明中国西沙海域有部分新近输入的DDTs,研究区沉积物来源为陆源,推测中国西沙海域DDTs为陆源DDTs和永兴岛农业活动的综合作用。利用蒽(ANT)/[ANT+菲(PHE)]比值＞0.1或该比值＜0.1来判断PAHs的来源是燃烧源还是石油源,研究区88%鱼体内ANT/(ANT+PHE)＞0.1,表明PAHs来源于化石燃料燃烧。风险评价结果显示,鱼体内OCPs和PCBs生态风险低。     

中国天然气进口的空间格局分析

文章从中国发展低碳经济的需要出发,指出天然气是一种理想的高效清洁能源,是发展低碳能源的首选。通过分析中国天然气供不应求、世界天然气供过于求的市场现状,以及世界天然气资源的分布,提出中国从其周边国家进口天然气符合经济高效原则。中国从国外进口天然气主要有四条路线,即中亚输入通道;缅甸输入通道;俄罗斯输入通道;海上输入通道（重点分析了澳大利亚输入通道）。文章对此四条路线格局及其地缘优势进行了分析,认为中国天然气进口的空间格局已基本形成,这将对我国未来发展低碳经济和保护环境起重要的促进作用。     

中国天然气水合物调查研究现状及其进展

天然气水合物大致经历了实验室研究、管道堵塞及防治、资源调查与开发利用4个发展阶段,中国目前正处于资源调查阶段的早期。自1999年开始,中国先后开展了南海、东海、陆上冻土区和国际海底区域天然气水合物的调查研究,相继发现了一系列地质、地球物理和地球化学异常标志,并在南海北部神狐地区成功采到水合物实物样品,取得了找矿工作的重大突破,显示出良好的找矿前景,但目前仍存在着调查研究程度较低、技术装备比较落后等问题。随着国家对天然气水合物重视程度的加强,中国天然气水合物的调查研究进程将会将进一步加快,并在不久的将来过渡到试生产阶段和商业性生产阶段。     

超高压变质岩矿物中的显微构造缺陷:来自TEM和FTIR研究的证据

超高压变质矿物的某些显微构造缺陷可能指示了岩石短暂和快速抬升过程。文中报道了中国大别山双河地区超高压硬玉石英岩矿物显微构造缺陷的透射电镜(TEM)和Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR)的研究结果。用TEM研究方法,在硬玉石英岩中硬玉包裹体内发现了亚微米级天然蒙钠长石(MA,C2/m)、高钠长石(HA,C)和低钠长石(LA,C)三种多形变体。表明岩石在折返过程经历过高温变质作用(>930℃),以及退变质过程的快速冷却;在石英包裹体内发现了纳米级柯石英和石盐子矿物,提供了柯石英转变为石英以及峰期变质条件下高盐流体存在的证据。"名义上无水矿物"(NAMs)的结构水(OH/H2O)是以缺陷形式赋存于矿物结构中。FTIR分析结果显示硬玉、石榴石、金红石和石英中结构水的平均含量分别为1000×10-6、(900~1600)×10-6、>2000×10-6和<4×10-6,硬玉石英岩全岩含水量为(490~600)×10-6,表明在高压-超高压变质作用过程中,地壳或原岩中的水可以通过这些NAMs携带到地球深部。该类显微构造缺陷可能是大陆碰撞造山带在高应变速率下的局部弱化和深部断层作用的结果。     

PRESENT KINEMATICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORTHERN YUMUSHAN ACTIVE FAULT AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE NORTHEASTWARD GROWTH OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor, located in the north of Tibetan plateau, are the margin of Tibetan plateau's tectonic deformation and pushing. Its internal deformations and activities can greatly conserve the extension process and characteristics of the Plateau. The research of Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor consequentially plays a significant role in understanding tectonic deformation mechanism of Tibetan plateau. The northern Yumushan Fault, located in the middle of the northern Qilian Shan thrust belt, is a significant component of Qilian Shan thrust belt which divides Yumushan and intramontane basins in Hexi Corridor. Carrying out the research of Yumushan Fault will help explain the kinematics characteristics of the northern Yumushan active fault and its response to the northeastward growth of the Tibetan plateau.Because of limited technology conditions of the time, different research emphases and some other reasons, previous research results differ dramatically. This paper summarizes the last 20 years researches from the perspectives of fault slip rates, paleao-earthquake characteristics and tectonic deformation. Using aerial-photo morphological analysis, field investigation, optical simulated luminescence(OSL)dating of alluvial surfaces and topographic profiles, we calculate the vertical slip rate and strike-slip rate at the typical site in the northern Yumushan Fault, which is(0.55±0.15)mm/a and(0.95±0.11), respectively. On the controversial problems, namely "the Luotuo(Camel)city scarp" and the 180 A.D. Biaoshi earthquake, we use aerial-photo analysis, particular field investigation and typical profile dating. We concluded that "Luotuo city scarp" is the ruin of ancient diversion works rather than the fault scarp of the 180 A.D. Biaoshi earthquake. Combining the topographic profiles of the mountain range with fault characteristics, we believe Yumu Shan is a part of Qilian Shan. The uplift of Yumu Shan is the result of Qilian Shan and Yumu Shan itself pushing northwards. Topographic profile along the crest of the Yumu Shan illustrates the decrease from its center to the tips, which is similar to the vertical slip rates and the height of fault scarp. These show that Yumu Shan is controlled by fault extension and grows laterally and vertically. At present, fault activities are still concentrated near the north foot of Yumu Shan, and the mountain ranges continue to rise since late Cenozoic.     

Phosphorus forms and distribution in Zhejiang coastal sediment in the East China Sea

Surface and core sediment samples were collected from Zhejiang coastal waters of the East China Sea to study phosphorus（P） forms and understand the potential release of P as well as adsorption.The sediments were extracted sequentially to determine four phosphorus fractions,and non-sequentially for total phosphorus（TP）.The total concentration of phosphorus in the surface sediments ranged from 527.2 to 680.5 mg kg-1.Inorganic P was the major form and accounted for 84-94%of TP.Among the four forms,P-Detrital was dominant（58.6-73.2%）,followed by P-CDB（10.5-20.9%）,P-Organic（6.1-15.9%）,and P-CFA（5.9-16.3%）.The distribution pattern of TP in the surface sediments was similar to that of P-Detrital and P-Organic,but different from P-CDB and P-CFA.A relatively high level of phosphorus was observed in estuarine sediments,reflecting the influence from terrestrial input.Phosphorus in all forms in core sediments at each station decreased with depth.In addition,potentially bio-available phosphorus accounted for 20-34%of TP.     

中国大陆M2波理论应变潮汐模型

本文主要研究和讨论了我国大陆固体潮和海潮负荷效应的M2波理论应变潮汐模型。推导了球扇波应变张量大地系数和计算公式,着重研究和计算了M2波海潮应变负荷效应,讨论了计算方法,计算中采用了到目前为止最新的Schwiderski（M2）全球海潮图和沈育疆近中国海潮汐图;给出了40个点的负荷效应结果,并绘制了中国大陆固体应变潮、海潮应变负荷效应同相位,相差π/2相位以及总效应的应变花。为理论研究,观测资料的分析和改正提供了理论参考模型。     

南沙群岛海区珊瑚礁灾害性地质分析

珊瑚礁是一种特殊的岩土介质，有独特的灾害地质类型。珊瑚礁灾害地质研究是现代工程地质学的一个新课题。通过珊瑚礁的地质记录研究了内动力灾害地质类型（包括活动断裂、地震和火山活动等）、外动力灾害地质类型（包括海底槽谷与地形突变带、崩塌、滑坡、峰礁与埋藏礁、泥丘、埋藏负地貌等），同时还分析了人类活动对珊瑚礁发育的影响。