Global correlation for strontium isotope curve in the Late Cretaceous of Tibet and dating marine sediments

87Sr/86Sr ratios of marine carbonate samples collected from a sedimentary section of the Late Cretaceous in the south of Tibet were measured. Based on the absence of cathodo-luminescence and a very low Mn/Sr ratio (average 0.06) of the samples, it is thought that they contain information on the original seawater strontium isotope composition. The strontium isotope evolution curve of the Late Cretaceous in Tibet we established here, is consistent with other coeval curves from Europe, North America and Antarctica, supports the notion that the strontium isotope composition of seawater is governed by global events, which provides a new approach for the inter-continental and inter-basinal correlations of Late Cretaceous in the area and is a complementarity for biostratigraphy. In addition, we attempt to determine the age of the boundaries for Campanian/Santonian and Maastrichtian/Campanian by 87Sr/86Sr ratios for Gamba section in southern Tibet. The two boundaries are located in the thickness of 217 m (83.5 M     

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic evidence for late Pleistocene to middle Holocene climatic fluctuations in the interior of southern Africa

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of ungulate grazers from four archaeological sites located in different environs within the Caledon River Valley have provided a relatively well‐dated proxy palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic sequence for the period between 16 000 and 6000 calendar (cal.) yr BP. Within the overall trend towards hot mid‐Holocene temperatures and a summer rainfall pattern, stable carbon isotope results show that there were three periods when growth season temperatures were cool enough for C₃ grasses to be present: 16 000–14 000; 10 200–9600, and 8400–8000 cal. yr BP. Similar trends were recorded in stable oxygen isotope values, reflecting shifts in either temperature or available moisture. Although having a similar pattern to that of the lower altitude site, sites situated in foothills and montane portions of the valley consistently maintained lower temperatures until the mid‐Holocene altithermal. At this time growth season temperatures warmed sufficiently for a 100% C₄ grassland to expand in altitude from the warmer low lying localities. In relation to present understanding of synoptic and global climatic patterning, these findings suggest that the early to middle Holocene transition was not a gradual warming trend, but rather it was marked by a series of climatic fluctuations. Of particular note is the possible global, rather than regional, occurrence of the 8200 cal. yr BP ‘event’. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization of regional and local scattering effects from small-aperture seismic array recordings

In 1998, four small-aperture arrays separated by 20 km have been deployed in the southern French Alps in order to record the natural seismicity during two consecutive months. One of the main objectives of this experiment was to characterize the heterogeneities that influence the wavefield propagation, by analysis of the coda characteristics recorded by each of the seismic arrays.The time-azimuth-velocity characteristics of the coda phases have been obtained using a high-resolution wavenumber decomposition method.A statistical analysis, using the coda characteristics of the whole data set (20 regional earthquakes) recorded by the four arrays has been performed and lead to the calculation of the density of scattered energy within the medium. Three regional heterogeneous areas (> 10 km) have been characterized, and are located in the N–NE, W and S directions from the four arrays. Scattered energy is also located at local distances (< 10 km) from the four arrays.The comparison of the waveforms recorded (i) with one of the array, for different groups of earthquakes, and (ii) with the four arrays, for one group of earthquakes, show that the geometrical configuration of the source–scattering area–recording site system can strongly influence the energetic distributions related to the secondary phases of the seismograms.In particular cases, we experimentally show that the interactions of the direct wavefield with the heterogeneous structures of the medium can be sufficiently energetic to induce secondary scattered phases that dominate the seismic motions recorded at a given site. In such case, these effects should be taken into account for the quantification of the expected ground motion recorded during an earthquake.     

因子分析在辽南卧龙泉地区 化探次生晕异常优选中的应用

以辽南卧龙泉地区化探次生晕样品为基本数据,论述了因子分析在化探次生晕异常靶区优选中的应用。     

河南省桐柏银洞岭银矿床地质地球化学特征

银洞岭银矿床属变质碎屑岩型银(金)矿床, 其成矿元素含量变化与歪头山岩组地层层序、岩石类型密切相关, 歪头山岩组下部变粒岩、云母石英片岩Ag含量相对较高, 成为银矿体的直接赋矿围岩;蚀变作用导致成矿元素显著带入, 而对稀土元素的迁移影响不大;成矿热液的运移以渗流作用为主、渗透作用为辅;通过对银洞岭银矿床地质地球化学评价标志的建立, 为该类型矿床的普查评价起到借鉴作用。     

济阳坳陷南部古近系洪水—漫湖沉积

利用钻井取心、薄片鉴定、粒度分析、古生物鉴定及测井解释等资料和手段,对济阳坳陷南部古近系孔一段到沙四段底部沉积特征进行研究.结果表明,济阳坳陷在孔一段至沙四段沉积早期处于湖盆裂陷初期,沉积作用明显受季节性洪水注入影响,在东营、惠民两凹陷形成洪水-漫湖沉积体系.其主要岩性特征为：岩石类型以反映氧化环境的浅色碎屑岩类为主,成熟度较低,粒度分布和沉积构造反映其兼有重力流和牵引流的沉积特点,植物碎屑贫乏而生物扰动构造丰富且具周期性,砂体呈环带状分布.该沉积体系分为洪水水道末端、泥坪、砂坪、砂泥混合坪和漫湖风暴等5个微相和侧缘远源、近岸远源两类相层序.     

河南省嵩县大坪银-铅-锌多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志

通过工作实践认为，大坪银-铅-锌多金属矿床是火山喷流沉积一后期热液叠加改造富集的块状硫化物多金属矿床。区域上NWW-SEE向晚元古-早古生代形成的裂谷型二郎坪蛇绿岩套是本区找矿的最佳区段，具四个含矿层位。矿化、矿石、矿物、元素等成矿作用要素具明显分带特征，并与火山作用及喷流作用有关。区域构造、同生断裂及岩浆作用为重要控矿条件，而硫化物层、重晶石层、硅质岩是银-铅-锌矿床的重要找矿标志。     

豫西唐山村金矿地球化学异常特征及找矿方向

唐山村金矿地处著名的嵴山金成矿区，是主要的金成矿远景区之一。在成矿有利部位——拆离断层带及硅质岩带，1：5万分散流测量呈现Au、Pb、Ag、Zn组合异常；1：2．5万沟系次生晕测量呈现浓集中心明显的串珠状Au异常，并沿拆离断层带及硅质岩带呈带状分布；经原生晕测量验证均具有Au矿化显示。由此，充分说明了地球化学测量在唐山村金矿床勘查中的指导意义，为进一步找矿工作指明了方向。     

豫北深、浅部构造特征与地震

通过对豫北地区浅层和深部地震地质构造特征及地震活动性的综合分析,以薄壁－新乡－商丘断裂带为划分为北部地区和南部地区,并分别进行了论述。认为北部地区构造线主体为北东向,与华北断块区的构造线一致,浅层构造沿区域构造线呈断隆和断陷相间展布,深部莫霍界面隆起凹陷也相间排列,南部地区的主体构造线基本为北西向,与北部地区截然不同,浅层构造豫东为在整体沉降的基础上有次级的隆起和凹陷,深部结构表现为大面积的莫霍面