Impact of wildfire on source water contributions in Devil Creek,CA: evidence from end‐member mixing analysis

A geochemical and end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA) is undertaken in Devil Canyon catchment, located in southern California, to further understanding of watershed behaviour and source water contributions after an acute and extensive wildfire. Physical and chemical transformations in post‐fire watersheds are known to increase overland flow and decrease infiltration, mainly due to formation of a hydrophobic layer at, or near, the soil surface. However, less is known about subsurface flow response in burned watersheds. The current study incorporates EMMA to evaluate and quantify source water contributions before, and after, a catchment affected by wildfires in southern California during the fall of 2003. Pre‐ and post‐fire stream water data were available at several sampling sites within the catchment, allowing the identification of contributing water sources at varying spatial scales. Proposed end‐member observations (groundwater, overland flow, shallow subsurface flow) were also collected to constrain and develop the catchment mixing model. Post‐fire source water changes are more evident in the smaller and faster responding sub‐basin (interior sampling point). Early post‐fire storm events are dominated by overland flow with no significant soil water or groundwater flow contribution. Inter‐storm streamwater in this smaller basin shows an increase in groundwater and a decrease in soil water. In the larger, baseflow‐dominated system, source water components appear less affected by fire. A slight increase in lateral flow is observed with only a slight decrease in baseflow. Changes in the post‐fire flow regimes affect nutrient loading and chemical response of the basin. Relatively rapid recovery of the chaparral ecosystem is evidenced, with active re‐growth and evapotranspiration evidenced by the fourth post‐fire rainy season. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rotary spectrum analysis of tidal current in the southern Yellow Sea

A complete set of one-month Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) current data at a station in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) is analyzed using the rotary spectrum method. The results revealed different rotary properties between barotropic and baroclinic tidal currents. The barotropic and baroclinic tidal currents rotate elliptically counter-clockwise and clockwise, respectively. Meanwhile, baroclinic bottom tidal currents are almost along-isobath. The baroclinic cross-isobath velocities attenuate quickly at the bottom, implying important effects of bottom topography on the cross-isobath motions.     

吉南地区万隆组燧石相微生物化石及其古环境意义

拉伸纪作为承接中元古代蓝菌时代以及成冰纪生物锐减的关键地质历史时期,是探索早期生命与环境演化最重要的时期之一。吉林南部地区地处华北板块东北缘,拉伸系发育完整、出露全,在燧石条带、燧石结核和泥页岩中富含微生物化石,是开展拉伸纪古生物学、生物地层学和古环境研究的理想地区。本次工作利用岩石切片法在吉林南部二道江地区万隆组顶部燧石中发现微生物化石6属9种,其中丝状蓝菌1属4种Siphonophycus robustum,S.typicum,S.kestron,S.solidum;球状蓝菌3属3种Eoentophysalis belcherensis,Gloeodiniopsis lamellosa,Scissilisphaera bistratosa;分类位置未定2属2种Glenobotrydion majorinum,Globophycus rugosum。这些微体化石的发现为开展万隆组古环境分析及生物地层对比研究提供了新的素材。研究显示,万隆组燧石相微生物组合以发育管鞘藻席(Siphonophycus mat)为主要特征,丝状蓝菌呈横向展布,长可达400μm以上,显示原地或近原地埋藏的特点...     

孟加拉湾超级风暴费林对西藏强降水的影响分析

利用NCEP/NCAR(2.5°×2.5°)再分析资料和常规、非常规观测资料,通过环境场和中尺度特征较全面细致地分析了孟加拉湾风暴费林（Phailin）对西藏特大暴雪的影响。研究表明：“费林”对强降水的影响主要是登陆减弱为低压后,低压云系分两个阶段形成三个中尺度对流云团,对流云团在南支槽的作用下上高原。而强降水的发生和南风风速的大小有直接的对应关系,西南低空急流建立后西藏南部才出现强降水,而低空急流的建立是靠南支槽的贡献。南风风速和强降水的这一重要关系为此类天气提供了预报着眼点。     

Growth of red gurnard (Teleostei: Triglidae) from Pegasus bay,Canterbury, New Zealand

Growth of the red gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson and Garnot), from Pegasus Bay, Canterbury, was measured during 1966–67. Otoliths were used as an indicator of fish growth; mean length‐at‐age data were obtained from back‐calculated fish lengths at the time of formation of successive annual rings in the otoliths. Growth in length was found to be adequately expressed by the von Bertalanffy growth equation :

l_t = 52.0 [1 ‐ e‐^{0.406 (t‐o.291)}]

(where l_t is the fork length in cm at age t). The length: weight relationship was:

w = 78.56 × 10^‐4 l ^3.072

(where w is the weight in grams). From this relationship, growth in weight was described by the equation:

w_t = 1469 [1 ‐ e‐0.406 (t‐0.291)]³.     

华北板块南缘安徽青白口纪-早奥陶世层序地层与格架

华北地台南缘,主要出露青白口纪—早古生代地层,属被动大陆稳定克拉通盆地发育过程,以台地碳酸盐沉积为主。通过对十余条实测剖面及主干、辅助路线的观察研究,青白口纪—早古生代奥陶纪早期,测区可区分出二个巨层序、十二个三级层序。本文通过三级层序的划分,建立了华北地台南缘青白口纪—早古生代奥陶纪早期层序地层格架、探讨了各岩石地层单位的变化规律。     

松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀矿成矿条件分析

通过对松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀成矿条件分析认为: 泉头组半干旱的亚热带古气候对成矿有利。河流相和三角洲相沉积具有形成厚大砂体的条件。砂体较为发育, 单层砂体厚度可达42 m。虽砂体中有机质含量较低, 但泉头组下部含煤层中的烃类可通过断裂构造及不整合面上升进入砂体, 弥补还原剂的不足。工业铀矿孔的发现反映出泉头组有铀的大规模富集。总之, 泉头组是松辽盆地南部一个重要的找矿目的层, 找矿意义重大。     

柴达木盆地南缘祁漫塔格—鄂拉山地区斑岩-矽卡岩矿床地质

柴达木盆地南缘祁漫塔格-鄂拉山地区发育斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,成矿主元素为Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn,大部分矿床伴生Au、Ag。斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿（化）体共生于同一个矿区之中,是这类矿床的一个重要特点。与成矿有关的侵入体是印支期的中酸性小岩体,它们具有浅成_超浅成和高侵位等特点。斑岩-矽卡岩矿床的成岩年龄和成矿年龄一致,形成于中三叠世至晚三叠世。它们是东昆仑造山带晚碰撞造山阶段壳-幔作用（幔源岩浆底侵-岩浆混合）的产物,与东昆仑地区这一时期的矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床、热液脉状多金属矿床,以及造山型金矿床共同构成了一个矿床成矿系列。     

洞庭盆地两护村孔重矿物特征及其对第四纪构造活动与环境演变的响应

第四纪洞庭盆地主体自西向东分为安乡凹陷、赤山隆起和沅江凹陷等3个次级构造单元。在安乡凹陷东南部两护村新施工揭穿第四系的ZKC1孔,其地层组成自下而上依次为早更新世华田组、汨罗组,中更新世早期—中期洞庭湖组,晚更新世坡头组以及全新统等。对钻孔岩芯进行了系统的重矿物分析,进而根据特征重矿物来源和含量变化,结合钻孔岩性和岩相变化以及区域地质和地理背景,探讨洞庭盆地南部早—中更新世沉积环境暨河湖变迁以及构造沉降过程。研究表明,洞庭盆地存在幕式断陷活动,早更新世早期、早更新世末期和中更新世中—后期等3个时期强烈断陷沉降,相对湖平面上升,来源于盆地南缘中段的资江河水部分向西注入安乡凹陷,导致ZKC1孔华田组下段下部、汨罗组顶部、洞庭湖组上段等相应层位中的锆石、金红石、锐钛矿和菱铁矿等(主要来源于资江流域)含量显著增高。其它时期断陷作用较弱,河湖水位低,沅水和资江分别沿其主水道于赤山隆起西侧和东侧向北汇入长江,导致ZKC1孔相应沉积层位中锆石、金红石、锐钛矿和菱铁矿的含量明显偏低。对重矿物特征指数变化与孢粉和化学蚀变指数所反映的气候变化的相关性研究,暗示上述3次相对湖平面上升的主要原因不是降水增加,而是构造沉降增强。     

赣南地区石雷石英闪长岩的成因:岩石化学、副矿物微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

石雷石英闪长岩是赣南崇-余-犹地区比较特殊的闪长质侵入体。锆石的原位U-Pb定年表明,该岩体侵位于433.5±3.4Ma。全岩主量元素特征上显示出中偏酸性(SiO2=56.92%～64.70%),富Al(Al2O3=14.10%～14.83%),富碱(Alk=6.41%～7.40%)特别是富钾(K2O=3.86%～4.85%),镁、铁含量较高,MgO:3.47%～5.95%,FeOT:5.23%～8.14%以及低磷(P2O5=0.27%～0.4%)的特点;微量元素上主要富集K、Rb、Cs等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素。磷灰石微量元素特征上显示高度富集稀土元素特别是轻稀土元素的特征;具有Eu的负异常(δEu=0.37～0.45)。ISr位于0.7073～0.7132之间,εNd(t)变化于-8.41～-4.97之间,两阶段钕模式年龄介于1.58～1.86Ga之间,Hf同位素组成相对均一,εHf(t)主要集中变化于-8～-2之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄加权平均为1.77±0.09Ga,这些特征都暗示了该石英闪长质岩体的形成是强烈壳幔相互作用的产物,区内加里东晚期可能发生了局部的岩石圈的减薄。