High-pressure,low-temperature metamorphism in Alpujarride Units of southeastern Betics (Spain)Métamorphisme de haute pression et basse température dans les unités Alpujarrides du Sud-Est de la cordillère Bétique (Espagne)

We present the first occurrences of high-pressure, low-temperature ferro-magnesiocarpholite-bearing mineral assemblages associated to quartz segregations in the Alpujarride units of southeastern Betics (Sierra de Almagro, Sierra de los Pinos and Sierra Cabrera). Thermobarometric results show that the carpholite-bearing rocks underwent the same P–T conditions in the three outcrops, i.e. 8–10 kbar, 350–400 °C. Metamorphic and structural data allow us to conclude that these rocks belong to the same Alpujarride unit. In the Sierra de Almagro, tectonic units with carpholite-bearing rocks overlie low-pressure, low-temperature Alpujarride units, then forming a stack with an inverted tectono-metamorphic sequence, as observed in the central and western part of the Alpujarride complex. The preservation of carpholite-bearing assemblages in these rocks implies that no significant temperature increase occurred during the exhumation history. To cite this article: G. Booth-Rea et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 857–865.     

阿拉善东南部自然环境演变与地面流沙路径的分析

阿拉善东南部包括腾格里和吉兰泰两区。腾格里和吉兰泰两区在晚更新世均是一个湖域广阔的淡水大湖。之后 ,吉兰泰大湖和腾格里大湖在封闭状态下 ,一方面因气候转为干旱、蒸发致使湖域减小直至完全干涸 ,露出的湖底在风的吹蚀作用下形成沙漠 ;另一方面在“狭管效应”作用下 ,由吉兰泰西部来自雅玛雷克沙漠和在腾格里西部来自巴丹吉林沙漠的风吹沙沿着地形上狭窄通道的侵进是加剧这两个湖盆沙漠化的另一个重要因素。对此 ,基于遥感的研究提出了研究区西缘挡沙固沙 ,建立生态保护带 ,区内分块治理、有效控制流沙的侵进和扩张以及通过改善下垫面性质来控制沙尘的发生与强度 ,逐步改善生态环境的措施。研究区风沙的治理 ,对于缓解京津沙尘灾害具有重要的意义。     

小城镇供地模式改革的方向 --以重庆市为例

如何优化小城镇土地供给模式已成为当前一个迫切需要解决的战略问题。传统的土地供给模式具有计划供给、需求引导，无偿划拔、市场化程度低和体制僵化、制度不健全的基本特征。文章分析了传统土地供给模式的负面效应，指出传统供给模式下土地利用效益低下，导致了外延扩展、城镇用地布局混乱，阻碍了城市化进程。论证了传统供地模式改革的方向应该主要走供给引导需求、走内涵发展的道路，充分发挥市场在土地资源配置中的基础性作用。     

中国东南部地幔柱及其与中生代大规模成矿关系初探

中国东南部是我国的钨锡铜金多金属矿床集中区，燕山期发生大规模成矿作用，研究大规模成矿的地球动力学背景显得尤为重要。本文结合前人的研究资料，初步讨论中国东南部地幔柱及其与中生代大规模成矿关系。通过对中国东南部地幔柱的地质和地球物理方面特征综合分析后，初步探讨了地幔柱构造的岩浆作用和成矿制约。本文认为中国东南部地幔柱不仅可能造成中生代火山─岩浆大爆发，而且可能与中生代大规模成矿有关。     

幔源包体的形态,大小与寄主岩浆流变学性质的关系…

对东南沿海４个包体产地的玄武岩中橄榄石包体的形态，大小，向椭球体转变的程度等统计分析表明，幔源包体在上升期间与岩浆作用的过程中，不仅有棱角圆化的现象，而且伴有由等轴体（近似为球体）向椭球体转为过程其主要原因是包体在相对岩浆运动的过程中包体的表面与岩浆之间粘滞摩擦造成的，粘滞摩擦力的大小，作用于包体表面的时间又取决于岩浆的粘度，包体相对于岩浆的沉降速度，包体半径的大小及岩浆上升的速度，所以这些因素将     

Preliminary Analysis of the Temporal Patterns of Heavy Rainfall across the Southeastern United States

This paper examines trends in heavy rainfall events across the southeastern United States over the past century. Time series of the number of annual storm events over a 76.2 mm threshold were used for analysis. Significant trends that had some spatial coherence were identified. Increasing trends were detected in a region extending from northeastern Texas to the Appalachians, with a weaker signal of decreasing events along the East Coast. These patterns may be linked to fluctuations in the strength and migration of the Bermuda High.     

Historical seismicity of the southeastern Caribbean and tectonic implications

We have relocated the twenty-eight largest magnitude (4.3M _s 7.3) historical (1922–1963) earthquakes of the southeastern Caribbean. We also present new focal mechanisms for seven of these events. The relocations are based on reported ISSP andS arrival times that we analyzed using generalized linear inversion techniques. The new focal mechanisms were constrained by first motionP polarities as reported by the ISS and as picked by us where records were available, and by the polarities and ratios ofSH andsSH, andSV andsSV arrivals that we determined from seismograms. The results of the relocations are commensurate with the distribution of seismicity observed in the recent era: hypocenters are shallow and intermediate in depth (0–200 km), and the events occur almost exclusively in areas known to be currently seismic. The frequent seismic activity in the vicinity of the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela, is clearly a persistent feature of the regional earthquake pattern; intermediate depth earthquakes indicative of subduction beneath the Caribbean plate occur here and along the Lesser Antilles arc. The Grenadines seismic gap is confirmed as an area of low seismic moment release throughout the historical era. Trinidad and the eastern Gulf of Paria were also largely quiescent.The new focal mechanisms, despite being a sparse data set, give significant insight into both subduction processes along the Lesser Antilles arc and into the shallow deformation of the Caribbean-South America plate boundary zone. The largest earthquake to have occurred in this region, the 19 March 1953 event (M _m =7.01), is a Lesser Antilles slab deformation event, and another earthquake in this region of the Lesser Antilles is probably a rarely-observed interplate thrust event. Shallow deformation in the plate boundary zone is complex and, near the Paria Penninsula, involves mixed southeastward thrusting and dextral strike-slip on east-striking faults, and secondarily, normal faulting. Bending of the subducting Atlantic-South American plate also seems to generate seisms. The rather high ratio of intraplate deformation to interplate deformation observed along the Lesser Antilles subduction zone in the more recent era seems to have been operative in the historical era as well.     

重庆石柱中三叠统巴东组沉积相研究

重庆石柱中三叠统巴东组有3种主要岩相类型:①紫红、灰绿色泥页岩,②褐黄、紫红、灰褐色岩屑石英砂岩,③浅灰色碳酸盐岩;并见有水平层理、平行层理、沙纹层理、板状交错层理等层理构造;划分出障壁海岸相,以及潮坪亚相、湖亚相和5种微相;建立了沉积相序,指出海平面变化对该区巴东期沉积物类型起着控制作用。     

重庆三峡生态经济区生态安全及对策

文章采用相对资源承载力的研究思路与计算方法，计算了2001年重庆三峡生态经济区相对土地资源承载力、相对经济承栽力和综合承载力，得出该地区超载人口占总人口的比例达37．4％、人地矛盾日益突出的结论。针对三峡库区的生态安全问题，提出了建立科学合理的生态补偿机制、库区立体管理模式、库区生态安全预警系统和绿色GDP核算体系；倡导各产业在生态安全下的生产经营运行模式；建立库区县市级管理责任定位体制，明确不同部门、地区对应库区生态流域单元的管理权限和责任；积极引导公众进行安全生产和科技减灾自救等相应的对策措施。     

重庆歌乐山隧址区地下水同位素组成特征及意义

同位素测试作为一种先进的技术手段在地质科学的各个研究领域得到越来越广泛地应用。运用同位素方法研究流体及矿床成因关系方面取得了较大的进展。目前，环境同位素方法被广泛用于识别地下水系统，研究自然界水循环过程和地下水运动规律。不同成因的地下水具有不同的同位素组成特征，而且氢、氧稳定同位素在低温条件下不与围岩发生同位素交换，放射性同位素变化遵循各自的衰变规律，水中HCO3碳、氧同位素组成与被溶解的碳酸盐岩同位素组成有关。在歌乐山隧道施工涌水对周边地下水系统的影响及环境效应评价过程中，取得许多同位素数据，对该区地下水的同位素特征有了新的认识。文章借助同位素方法探讨了隧址区地下水的补给源、年龄等基本特征。该区地下水主要补给来源为大气降水。碳、氧稳定同位素的研究结果也证实了这一点。对放射性同位素氚研究表明，该区地下水年龄基本都较小，属近期大气降水直接渗入补给。