Geological models of gas in place of the Longmaxi shale in Southeast Chongqing,South China

Gas-in-place (GIP) is one of the primary controlling factors in shale gas production, but studies examining GIP have been lacking for the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in South China. In the present study, a suite of Longmaxi shale samples was collected from an exploratory well in Southeast Chongqing, South China, and the adsorption parameters were fitted using a supercritical Dubinin-Radushkevich (SDR) model based on the high-pressure methane adsorption experiment data for the samples. The results show that the adsorbed phase density and the adsorbed gas capacity of the samples have a positive correlation with the content of total organic carbon (TOC) but a negative correlation with temperature. Combined with the geological characteristics of the Longmaxi shale in Southeast Chongqing, GIP models were constructed under three different fluid pressure conditions. The absolute adsorbed amount of the samples increases and later decreases with increasing depth with a maximum corresponding to depths between 800 and 1200 m. The fluid pressure coefficient has no obvious effect on the absolute adsorbed amount when burial depth is over 2000 m but controls the free gas content. Overpressure primarily increases the free gas content and thus increases the total gas content. The free gas content of the Longmaxi shale in the Pengshui Block is reduced to 47%–58% of that in the Fuling Block, which is the main reason for its low gas production. Further exploration of the Longmaxi Formation should be expanded to deeper burial shales in the eastern area of Southeast Chongqing.     

小净距公路(双洞)隧道围岩破坏模式研究

我国是一个多山的国家。随着高速公路的迅猛发展,在山丘区修筑高速公路,由于线路及地形的限制,必然伴随着大量公路隧道的出现。小净距隧道是目前公路隧道中最常见的一种型式。在我国目前还处于研究和发展阶段。论文在现有单洞隧道围岩破坏模式分析的基础上,开展了小净距双洞公路隧道围岩破坏模式的研究。通过文献综述、现场量测以及数值分析成果,归纳总结了小净距隧道的5种典型破坏模式:挤压破坏、拉伸破坏、中夹岩柱剪切破坏、爆破震动破坏及复合型破坏。针对不同的破坏模式。论文详细阐述其破坏规律和特点,以便在设计中人们能够事先知道其薄弱环节,在施工时能够及时采取有效的处理措施,从而确保整个隧道施工和运营的安全。     

重庆市南川甑子岩危岩形成演化机制分析及防治措施探讨

地质灾害的形成严重制约地方经济的发展，灾害形成机制研究可为其治理提供科学依据。重庆市地质灾害主要表现为滑坡、崩塌。对于前者已有较多的研究，而后者开展的工作甚少。甑子岩危岩体全长近1400m，潜在崩塌体积约444．06万m3。目前危岩带岩体处于时效变形破坏阶段，变形仍在继续，特别是在暴雨及其它人为因素的作用下，很可能突发崩塌灾害，危及附近居民及铝矿厂的安全。为此已引起了有关方面的高度重视。文章从地形地貌、地层岩性、坡体结构、降雨、风化、温度、植物、人类工程活动等方面对危岩的形成机制进行分析，得出上硬、下软的岩体地质结构是危岩形成的物质条件，采矿活动是危岩形成的最重要的原因的结论。通过危岩变形破坏演化过程的剖析，确定了危岩变形的两种破坏模式：倾倒式破坏、基座剪切滑塌式破坏。在此基础上结合Ⅰ、Ⅱ区危岩的不同危害性，建议采取分区治理。通过施工条件、经济合理性、治理效果、社会效应4方面的优劣对比，对Ⅱ区危岩南坡村民居住区搬迁避让比治理Ⅱ区危岩体更经济、有效。由于铝矿厂搬迁难度极大，因此对Ⅰ区危岩体采取排水、封闭裂缝、填实采空区、填补凹腔、锚固、拦挡的综合治理措施。     

重庆及邻近地区地震烈度衰减关系分析与确定

根据重庆及邻近地区的地震烈度资料，通过回归分析得到了重庆及邻近地区地震烈度衰减规律。这些研究可供重庆及邻近地区进行地震危险性分析和抗震规划时使用。     

The Econometric Assessment of Losses Caused by Water Pollution in Chongqing, Southwest China

As an important industrial city, Chongqing has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years, but at the same time the growth has been accompanied by serious pollution problems. Water quality monitoring shows that the waters of Chongqing are widely polluted. In this paper, the human capital approach is applied to assessing the economic losses and damages caused by water pollution in Chongqing. Based on previous studies and empirical investigations,water pollution-induced damage can be categorized into two general types: damage to ecosystems, including agriculture; and damage to non-ecosystems, including industry. The economic loss estimation of each type of the damage is conducted by taking into account a group of relevant parameters and methods.     

重庆市主城区近百余年水资源变化及评估

利用重庆市主城区月平均气温及降水资料，讨论该地区近百余年水资源量的年际及年代际的变化特征并对其进行了评估，最后对未来10年重庆主城区水资源量进行了预测和评估。结果表明，从1892～2002年共111年重庆主城区年水资源量略有增多的趋势，其变化主要经历了4个阶段；近几年水资源量处于增强的偏丰期；未来10年重庆主城区水资源量可能有偏枯的趋势。     

重庆城市地貌研究的设计与实践

介绍了重庆城市地貌研究的设计与实践。认为:宜以城市的建成区和边缘区为重点研究区,并根据城市地貌环境的特点来进行设计。从以下几个方面介绍了重庆城市地貌研究的实践:(1)地貌环境对城市的影响;(2)城市对地貌环境的影响;(3)城市地貌灾害;(4)城市地貌分类与制图;(5)城市地貌环境的质量评价。     

黔东南三穗下寒武统黑色岩系中钒富集机制研究

扬子板块南缘下寒武统黑色页岩地层中分布有一套富含Ni、Mo、V、U、Ba、PGE等的多金属层,并在贵州多地形成Ni—Mo—V—Ba矿床。黔东南三穗钒矿是扬子板块南缘黑色页岩型多金属矿床的重要组成部分,矿体主要赋存于早寒武世九门冲组底部黑色炭质、硅质泥岩中。针对三穗钒矿含矿岩系,通过沉积学和元素地球化学研究,结果表明,赋矿硅质岩、含钒炭质泥岩中存在热水物质贡献的明显信号,指示热水端元输入很可能是钒的重要来源。环境敏感元素及相关参数分析显示,局限盆地内的缺氧水体环境更有利于钒的富集。此外,有机质与钒富集之间具有明显的耦合关系,说明有机质的吸附对钒的沉淀和富集起到重要控制作用。     

The rise of strategic partner firms and reconfiguration of personal computer production networks in China: Insights from the emerging laptop cluster in Chongqing

In recent theorization of the Global Production Network (GPN) framework, viz. “GPN 2.0 theory” (Coe and Yeung, 2015), firm-specific strategies namely intra-firm coordination, inter-firm control, inter-firm partnership and extra-firm bargaining are conceptualized to understand the changing dynamics and reconfiguration of global production networks. Drawing upon the extra-firm strategies in the GPN 2.0 theory, this paper examines the spatial and organizational reconfiguration of personal computer production networks in China since late 2000s. Based on the information and data collected from years of observation and in-depth interviews with various firms and extra-firm actors, particularly government officials during June 2014 and December 2016, this study explores the emerging laptop cluster in Chongqing, a centrally-governed municipality in West China, which produced 40% of the world laptop computers in 2015. This paper argues that the rapid development in Chongqing in a short span has been attributed to the rising power of strategic partner firms of lead firms, primarily Taiwan-based contract manufacturers (e.g. Foxconn). It sheds light on the emerging strategic coupling between strategic partner firms and local government in Chongqing, which has brought about the reconfiguration of laptop production networks from the prevailed lead-firm centric to the emerging strategic partnership pattern. This study enriches the developing literature on the rise of strategic partner firms by extending the firm-centric analysis to extra-firm strategies, which echoes the extra-regional dynamics advocated recently by the Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG) perspective.     

吉林省中泥盆世变质火山岩系的发现:来自原机房沟(岩)组(群)中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年的证据

通过对"机房沟岩群"调查研究,确证其是一套由构造岩片堆叠组成的构造地层。笔者于九台县上河湾镇下洼子村后山、原"机房沟岩群"层型剖面变质酸性-中酸性火山岩系的两件样品(Pm001-6-2,Pm001-7-4)中,获锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(389.4±3.0)Ma、(388.3±3.9)Ma,确定在吉林省内有中泥盆世吉维特期(Givetian)的火山岩地层存在。结合内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省及松嫩地块相对应的火山岩地层进行了对比研究,认为在"佳蒙地块"南缘,从老秃顶子—宝泉—下洼子—放牛沟过松嫩盆地至满都拉,存在一条早泥盆纪晚期—晚泥盆纪初期的火山岩带。