重庆芙蓉洞崩塌作用及其环境效应

利用洞穴调查和各类次生化学沉积物同位素测年技术等方法,对芙蓉洞内崩塌物进行研究。结果表明芙蓉洞内崩塌物规模巨大,为多期次崩塌作用的产物,分别形成于大于35万年、35～20万年间、10～2.6万年间、2.5万年后及旅游开放后的1995、2000、2003、2008年,既有洞顶围岩的规模性崩塌,也有洞顶石钟乳的崩落和洞底石笋、石柱的倒塌,分别起因于地壳抬升背景下洞内水流下切使原先浮力消失引起洞顶围岩地应力失衡、洞顶石钟乳不断联合使重量超过联合体-洞顶围岩接触面的临界结合力和洞底石笋、石柱受崩落的钟乳石砸中或强地震引发。崩塌作用引起了洞腔的规模性扩大、钟乳石景观和旅游设施的破坏、被迫改变游览线路等环境效应。针对芙蓉洞崩塌特点,提出了洞穴旅游开发的一些建议。      

岩溶石漠化区不同植被类型表土孢粉组合特征——以重庆市南川区南平镇石漠化区为例

通过对南平次生林地、杂草丛、坡耕地不同植被类型表土调查和采样,利用LuoPacias孢粉鉴定系统对所采的表土样品进行分析鉴定,以研究该区表土的孢粉组合特征。结果显示:（1）样品植物孢粉共由123种植物组成,其中以草本和蕨类植物占据优势,其孢粉含量为46.40%～76.47%,平均为65.55%,其次是乔木（主要为马尾松）,花粉含量为17.73%～46.84%,平均为26.40%,灌木植物花粉含量最小,为5.79%～12.50%,平均为8.26%,显示该区植被退化严重;（2）不同植被类型的表土孢粉组合差别明显, 次生马尾松林和次生樟树林的孢粉组合特征依次为马尾松—火棘—大楼梯草—里白和樟树—火棘—构棘—泽芹;杂草丛为裂叶荨麻—圆叶藜—车前子—里白;坡耕地为异叶花椒—裂叶荨麻—剑叶凤尾蕨—玉米,与其相应的实际植被情况大致相同,较好地反映出了石漠化地区现代植被的基本状况。      

Late Cretaceous Adakitic Granites of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Garnet Fractional Crystallization of Arc‐Like Magmas at the Thickened Neo‐Tethyan Continental Margin

The tectonic setting of Cretaceous granitoids in the southeastern Tibet Plateau, east of the Eastern Himalaya Syntax, is debated. Exploration and mining of the Laba Mo–Cu porphyry-type deposit in the area has revealed Late Cretaceous granites. New and previously published zircon U–Pb dating indicate that the Laba granite crystallized at 89–85 Ma. Bulk-rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotopic data and in situ zircon Hf isotopic data indicate that the granite is adakitic and was formed by partial melting of thickened lower crust. The Ca, Fe, and Al contents decrease with increasing SiO2 content.These and other geochemical characteristics indicate that fractional crystallization of garnet under high-pressure conditions resulted in the adakitic nature of the Laba granite. Cretaceous granitoids are widespread throughout the Tibetan Plateau including its southeastern area, forming an intact curved belt along the southern margin of Eurasia. This belt is curved due to indenting by the Indian continent during Cenozoic, but strikes parallel to both the Indus–Yarlung suture zone and the Main Frontal Thrust belt. It is therefore likely that Cretaceous granitoids in both the Gangdese and southeastern Tibetan Plateau areas resulted from subduction of Neo-Tethyan lithosphere.     

蒙古东南部晚中生代木化石

本文报道了产自蒙古东南部晚侏罗世至早白垩世的木材化石7属8种。其中,包括3个新种(Protaxodioxylon mongolense sp.nov.,Circoporoxylon mongolense sp.nov.,Protocircoporoxylon mongolense sp.nov.)和5个已知种(Protocupressinoxylon coromandelinum,Protocupressinoxylon mishanense,Xenoxylon latiporosum,Protophyllocladoxylon franconicum,Protocedroxylon lindicianum)。作者对这些木化石解剖特征做了详细描述,并对其古气候环境进行了分析与探讨。     

中国东南沿海中生代酸性火山岩的锶和钕同位素特征与岩浆成因

中国东南沿海中生代火山岩叠置在几个不同的基底构造单元之上，不同单元内的火山岩在锶、钕同位素组成上存在着很大的差异。其中隶属于下扬子亚板块的浙西－赣东北区火山岩的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ初始值普遍较低，而＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ初始值则较高。     

SHRIMP Geochronology of Volcanics of the Zhangjiakou and Yixian Formations, Northern Hebei Province, with a Discussion on the Age of the Xing＇anling Group of the Great Hinggan Mountains and Volcanic Strata of the Southeastern Coastal Area

A zircon U-Pb geochronological study on the volcanic rocks reveals that both of the Zhangjiakou and Yixian Formations, northern Hebei Province, are of the Early Cretaceous, with ages of 135-130 Ma and 129-120 Ma, respectively. It is pointed out that the ages of sedimentary basins and volcanism in the northern Hebei -western Liaoning area become younger from west to east, i. e. the volcanism of the Luanping Basin commenced at c. 135 Ma, the Luotuo Mount area of the Chengde Basin c. 130 Ma, and western Liaoning c. 128 Ma. With a correlation of geochronological stratigraphy and biostratigraphy, we deduce that the Xing‘anling Group, which comprises the Great Hinggan Mountains volcanic rock belt in eastern China, is predominantly of the early-middle Early Cretaceous, while the Jiande and Shimaoshan Groups and their equivalents, which form the volcanic rock belt in the southeastern coast area of China, are of the mid-late Early Cretaceous, and both the Jehol and Jiande Biotas are of the Early Cretaceous, not Late Jurassic or Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Combining the characteristics of the volcanic rocks and, in a large area, hiatus in the strata of the Late Jurassic or Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous between the formations mentioned above and the underlying sequences, we can make the conclusion that, in the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous, the eastern China region was of high relief or plateau, where widespread post-orogenic volcanic series of the Early Cretaceous obviously became younger from inland in the west to continental margin in the east. This is not the result of an oceanward accretion of the subduction belt between the Paleo-Pacific ocean plate and the Asian continent, but rather reflects the extension feature, i.e. after the closure of the Paleo-Pacific ocean, the Paleo-Pacific ancient continent collided with the Asian continent and reached the peak of orogenesis, and then the compression waned and resulted in the retreating of the post-orogenic extension from outer orogenic zone to inner part (or collision zone). The determination of the eruption age of the volcanics of the Zhangjiakou Formation definitely constrains the switch period, which began in the Indosinian and finished in the Yanshanian, that is, 140-135 Ma. The switch is concretely the change from the approximate E-W Paleo-Asian tectonic system to the NE to NNE Pacific system, and the period is also the apex of a continent-continent collision and orogenesis of subduction, being consumed and eventually disappearing of the Paleo-Pacific ancient continent, and all the processes commenced in the Indosinian. While the following post-orogenic large-scale eruption in the Early Cretaceous marks the final completeness of the Paleo-Pacific structure dynamics system.     

闽东南长乐-南澳断裂带“片麻状”浆混杂岩的厘定及其地质意义

近年来的区域地质调查在闽东南长乐-南澳断裂带中,多处新发现白垩纪(辉长)闪长质和二长花岗质岩浆经机械的、化学的混合形成各种浆混岩类,与两混合端元岩石共同构成浆混杂岩,成岩后还受到应力作用。它们因特殊的结构构造而长期被归入混合花岗岩或片麻状花岗岩类。描述了泉州市肖厝、福清市高山等地浆混杂岩的野外地质特征,并与莆田市和福清市的典型变质变形花岗岩类进行了对比,指出这3类岩石之间有明显的区别,浆混杂岩可能形成于主变质变形期之前早白垩世早期的伸展环境中。     

重庆市区冬季热岛和湿岛效应的研究

1989年12月15日——1990年1月15日,重庆雾害课题组在市区进行了包含地面气象、边界层气象和大气污染等多种项目的外场综合观测。本文利用此观测资料,分析了城市热岛的水平分布,热岛和湿岛的垂直结构及其成因。     

基于地理区位的区域发展分析——以重庆市为例

文章在对比分析区位与地理区位的基础上,提出了区域地理区位分析的双层次模式,认为区域发展所需分析的地理区位可分为一级,二级地理区位两个层次,对区域地理区位的总体认识可以通过对二级地理区位的具体分析来实现,其中,自然地理区位,人文地理区位和经济地理区位构成一级地理区位,农业,工业,商贸,交通通信,工程,资源,环境,旅游,城市和政治等地理区位共同构成二级地理区位,同时,以该双层次模式对重庆市的地理区位进行个案研究,具体分析了重庆市二级地理区位的优劣势,并据此提出重庆市在“西部大开发”中,基于地理区位条件的若干区域发展对策建议。     

重庆市武隆县农地流转下农业劳动力对耕地撂荒的不同尺度影响

在农地流转市场日趋完善的背景下,农户间的耕地流转无疑会缓解因部分农户劳动力不足造成的耕地撂荒现象,但仅从农户尺度上分析难以揭示农业劳动力数量与耕地撂荒间的关系。运用重庆市武隆县17 个乡镇40个自然村的308 份农户调查数据,通过二分类Logistic 回归模型、简单相关和偏相关分析,从农户和村庄两个层次上探讨农业劳动力对耕地撂荒的影响程度及农地流转对两者关系的影响。结果显示：① 农户尺度上亩均农业劳动力对耕地是否撂荒的影响不显著,而在村庄尺度上显著。② 亩均务农劳动力与耕地撂荒规模的偏相关回归分析中,控制耕地流转和不控制流转条件下,农户尺度上两者的偏相关系数和简单相关系数分别为-0.138 和-0.027,前者在1%水平上显著,而后者不显著;村庄尺度上,控制流转和不控制流转的相关系数分别为-0.273 和-0.294,均在5%水平上显著。③ 在农地流转市场较为完善的地区,选择在村庄尺度上进行农业劳动力对耕地撂荒影响分析研究是比较合理的。