中国东南地区深部电导率分布的进一步研究

本文用五个地磁台站的静日日变资料重新研究中国东南地区的深部电导率分布。这五个台站是:武汉、佘山、广州、泉州与仑坪。五台定出的C值结果与文献〔1〕的不同。另外本文用简单的蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)法反演推断可能的电性结构模型。     

中国东南沿海不同类型花岗岩的磁性特征

通过对东南沿海不同成因类型的花岗岩磁性特征进行统计分析,表明由于源岩物质的不同,不同成因类型花岗岩的磁性差别很大,深源物质越多,磁性越强,反之则磁性越弱.根据磁性的强弱变化来判断其成因类型,对于东南沿海地区航磁资料的地质解释以及相关的地质研究、指导找矿等都具有重要的地质意义.     

子波相关沉积相相控处理在川东南官渡地区的应用

文章利用子波沉积相预测方法,在井旁的地震记录中提取出研究目的层的优势相所对应的地震子波,经研究发现,沉积相的改变和地震子波的变化存在一定的关联。利用从井中提取到该优势相的地震子波对研究目的层进行相关计算,就能够预测这种优势相。分别提取在不同沉积微相控制下生成且彼此重叠的砂体,有助于实现对单一砂体的识别,这对砂体十分发育的川东南河流相沉积区会有重要的研究价值和实用价值。     

川西苏地二长花岗岩地球化学、锆石年代学及Lu-Hf同位素特征——对松潘—甘孜地块构造背景的限定

【研究目的】查明松潘—甘孜地块东南部花岗岩地球化学及构造演化特征,对在该区寻找稀有金属矿产具有重要意义。【研究方法】在野外地质调查基础上,采集了地块东南部前人研究未涉及的苏地岩体二长花岗岩样品开展了镜下鉴定、岩石地球化学及锆石LA-(MC)-ICP-MS U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素测试工作。【研究结果】结果表明,苏地岩体二长花岗岩SiO₂含量为63.72%~66.48%,中—高钾、富钠、贫钙,AR值为1.44~1.83,A/CNK值为0.98~1.16,为中—高钾钙碱性系列;岩石相对富集K、Rb、Cs等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）;岩石稀土总量为157.16×10^-6~187.88×10^-6,LREE/HREE为6.26~9.46,δEu为0.62~0.74,具有弱—中等的负铕异常;锆石U-Pb定年结果为（221.1±1.5）Ma（MSWD=0.30,n=22）和（214.5±1.5）Ma（MSWD=0.22,n=22）,表明苏地岩体原始岩浆初始结晶时代为晚三叠世中期;锆石Lu-Hf同位素ε_Hf(t)和T_DM2分别为-6.56~-4.12和1.67~1.51 Ga。【结论】综合分析认为苏地二长花岗岩为较为典型的I型花岗岩,其可能为源于下地壳的初始岩浆于晚三叠世中期在造山碰撞闭合转入伸展体制下上升侵位过程中形成。松潘—甘孜地块东南部在晚三叠世中期处于后碰撞造山环境。     

琼东南盆地深水区WN-A井渐新世—中新世孢粉地层学及古气候

琼东南盆地深水区是21世纪南海北部大陆架地区天然气勘探的重点区带之一。为了划分该盆地WN-A井的地层时代及探明其沉积物所记录的古气候条件,笔者对该井分布于3 261.25~5 079.00 m井段共计108份岩屑样品进行了孢粉分析。研究结果显示,该井孢粉化石种类较丰富且分布连续,由下至上可划分为4个孢粉组合: Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Juglanspollenites-Quercoidites E-Quercoidites D组合、Pinuspollenites-Juglanspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Dicolpopollis kockelii组合、Quercoidites E-Polypodiaceoisporites-Pinuspollenites-Polypodiisporites组合和Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Randiapollis reticulatus-Quercoidites E组合。其中：4 425.00~5 079.00 m井段孢粉组合的优势组分是Pinuspollenites、Juglanspollenites和Quercoidites D,指示热带、亚热带针叶、常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候较温凉;3 261.25~4 425.00 m井段孢粉组合中Quercoidites E占优势,指示热带、亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候温暖湿润。WN-A井孢粉组合记录了一次明显的由温凉转为温暖的气候变化,与全球渐新世—中新世的气候变化可以对比,其发生位置,即4 425.00 m可以作为WN-A井渐新统和中新统的界线。     

云南南秧田钨矿床电气石的成分和硼同位素特征及成矿意义

南秧田矿床是滇东南地区最大的以钨为主的金属矿床。文章以含电气石花岗片麻岩、无矿电气石石英脉和白钨矿矿化电气石石英脉样品为研究对象,结合地质特征、电气石元素地球化学及B同位素,对电气石成因开展研究。研究显示三类电气石均属于碱性电气石中的镁电气石,以富Mg及Y位中无Al或低Al为特征,具有相对高的FeO/(FeO+MgO)比值(平均0.53);其稀土元素(REE)配分曲线与晚白垩世花岗岩稀土元素配分曲线相似;δ~(11)B值集中在-14‰,与地壳平均值非常接近,这些特征表明其与岩浆期后热液成因的电气石特征一致。电气石石英脉中广泛的钨矿化表明晚白垩世岩浆期后热液对矿区主矿体的叠加富集作用明显,据此提出距晚白垩世花岗岩体数百米至一千米的中源距离为有利矿化区,为矿区外围及深部勘查评价指明了找矿方向。     

使用有序样品聚类分析法划分东南沿海地震活跃幕

在对东南沿海地震带空间分布的边界重新做界定的基础上,对该带二十世纪以来地震活跃幕的分段进行了探讨。主要使用了有序样品聚类分析中的离差平方和法、最优分割法,再结合地震学应变能释放水平进行划分。并以离差平方和法中的误差函数的参数变化为标准对划分的结果进行了判定及F值检验,认为该带划分成四个活跃幕较为合理。     

渝东南彭水地区彭页1井龙马溪组储层特征及含气性研究

渝东南地区是我国页岩气勘探开发的重点地区.以彭水地区彭页1井龙马溪组泥页岩为研究对象,结合钻井资料、全岩分析、薄片观察、扫描电镜、核磁共振与氮气吸附等实验,对页岩岩矿特征、有机地球化学、储层特征与含气性进行系统分析.研究表明：彭页1井龙马溪组泥页岩厚度约80 m,脆性矿物含量高,以石英为主,约占48%,其次为长石与碳酸盐矿物;黏土矿物占29%,以伊利石为主,占黏土矿物总量的65%,与美国Barnett页岩矿物成分及含量相近,有利于后期压裂.该井区页岩有机质类型为II₂型,TOC为1%～3%,平均1.84%,成熟度2.5%～4.4%.储集空间多为纳米级—微米级孔隙,有机质孔和粒间孔为主,可见粒内溶蚀孔、微裂隙、黏土矿物层间孔和少量晶间孔,平均孔隙度2.43%,孔径以微小孔为主,介于2～80 nm,渗透率主要集中在0.005～0.01 mD,含气性中等—偏低,解析气量平均1.15 m³/t,饱和吸附量（V_L）平均2.56 m³/t,均低于Barnett页岩和焦页1井的含气量,有机质丰度、储层孔隙度是该区页岩含气量的主控因素,其次还受脆性矿物和黏土矿物含量影响.     

The effect of climatic change on southeast Asian geomorphology

There is no evidence that the climatic conditions in southeast Asia during the Neogene differed substantially from the humid tropical and subtropical climates that then characterised large tracts of the globe. Tropical planation surfaces are less extensive than those prevailing, for example, in Africa as a result of tectonism related to plate tectonics. However, during the generally somewhat drier Quaternary period the effects of climatic changes on landform development were rather unique in the southeast Asian region because large areas were under the regime of the monsoonal wind system. The climatic changes thus were not limited to changes in temperature and precipitation but included changes in wind direction. The exposure of extensive shelf areas during the low sea-levels of the Pleistocene glacial stages is another characteristic that added to the area's uniqueness. The Quaternary climatic changes in southeast Asia thus comprise four types of fluctuations: temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and sea-level. Their geomorphological effects are discussed and illustrated by examples. Fluctuations in temperature had a marked effect on landform development, especially in the high mountains. The lowering of the snow- and vegetation lines resulted in glaciation in the highest parts, frost shattering further down and debris formation in the piedmont zone. Fluctuations in precipitation had a marked effect, especially on the landforms of the lower areas, where foot slopes developed under the effect of lateral activity processes in the drier periods, alternating with vertical activity processes during the more humid phases. Many sediment sequences and soil profiles, and in the driest areas even fossil dune fields, bear witness to former drier periods. Fluctuations of sea-level governed coastal evolution during the Pleistocene, when the extensive shelf areas emerged in the glacial periods and a drainage network developed. Coral reef formation in those parts thus was interrupted several times. Long records of sea-level changes are recorded in some raised coral reefs in the island arc zones. Fluctuations of wind patterns also had a pronounced effect on coastal development and coral cays in southeast Asia. This is especially evident from Holocene and recent changes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川东南地区地温场形成的地质背景及温泉形成模式探讨——以四川彭水长溪坝址区温泉为例

根据地层岩性、地质构造、地球物理场等资料对川东南地区地温场形成的地质背景进行了分析,并结合对乌江彭水长溪温泉的综合研究,建立了温泉形成的基本模式。