Parameter identification for lined tunnels in a viscoplastic medium

This paper is dedicated to the identification of constitutive parameters of elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive law from measurements performed on deep underground cavities (typically tunnels). This inverse problem is solved by the minimization of a cost functional of least‐squares type. The exact gradient is computed by the direct differentiation method and the descent is done using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The method is presented for lined or unlined structures and is applied for an elastoviscoplastic constitutive law of the Perzyna class. Several identification problems are presented in one and two dimensions for different tunnel geometries. The used measurements have been obtained by a preliminary numerical simulation and perturbed with a white noise. The identified responses match the measurements. We also discuss the usage of the sensitivity analysis of the system, provided by the direct differentiation method, for the optimization of in situ monitoring. The sensitivity distribution in space and time assess the location of the measurements points as well as the time of observation needed for reliable identification. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汾河口傍河水源地激发补给量研究

该文阐述傍河水源地地下水资源构成和补给特性。利用野外试验与室内数值模拟相结合方法，分析汾河口傍河水源地可采水资源量，数值模型刻画黄河实际摆动边界，考虑潜水延迟给水和极端干旱气候条件等多种方案；利用环境同位素技术追踪傍河水源地开采条件下的河水激发补给过程和补给强度。研究表明，在渗透性较好的常年性河流旁建立的水源地，具有抵御极端气象、水文环境以丰补歉的能力，枯水年动用的含水层储存量。丰水年恢复性强。     

Eco-environment range in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers

Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×104 km2. Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×104 km2. Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River.     

夏塞地区银、锡多金属矿成矿规律新认识

夏塞地区是西南三江(金沙江、澜仓江、怒江)地区东缘的一个重要成矿带，带内银、锡矿产责源十分丰富。本文认为其成矿物质来源于花岗岩体和地层，构造和岩体是区内的主要控矿因素，地壳演化与成矿作用关系十分密切，矿床类型为分布于岩体内接触带的矽卡岩型矿床和分布于岩体外接触带的热液型矿床。     

公婆泉盆地局部排泄源氧化还原属性与铀矿化关系探讨

在系统分析公婆泉盆地地质背景、水文地质条件的基础上，对该区局部排泄源氧化还原属性与铀矿化的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明，局部排泄源的存在对铀矿化具有重要作用，当局部排泄源属于还原性质时，铀矿体常常分布于该排泄源上游；若属氧化性质，排泄源铀矿体通常位于其下游或附近。公婆泉盆地存在相对氧化和相对还原的二种局部排泄源，北骆驼泉区的沙泉沟与平沙地、麻黄沟、北骆驼泉沟排泄源之间应为有利的铀矿化地段。     

伊犁盆地石炭系—二叠系含油气性特征

伊犁盆地是在前震旦系基础上发展形成的双层结构盆地，即内裂谷盆地—山间陆相盆地。经多次造陆运动后，盆地内普遍缺失震旦系、下古生界、泥盆系、下三叠统和白垩系。盆地内的生油层主要为海相石炭系阿克沙克组、也列莫顿组，陆相二叠系院山萨依组、塔姆其萨依组。生油中心主要位于伊什基里克山—脱勒斯拜克山以北的湖盆区内。储层主要以二叠系、三叠系和保罗系的碎屑岩为主。伊犁盆地虽然经历了多期构造运动的影响，地质结构更加复杂，沉积中心的不断西移，但仍然在中新生代地层的地表及井下发现大量油气显示，表明该盆地具备生储油能力。该盆地有利与不利因素并存，对盆地的进一步勘探应加强基础研究工作，以避免盲目投入。     

沃尔什变换在测井曲线分层中的应用研究

在岩性复杂的变质岩地区实施的大陆科学钻探，是通过采集井下不同深度岩石物理化学性质和物理场的各种数据，研究地壳特征及演化过程的各种科学问题。利用测井资料达到岩性剖面的重建是大陆科学钻探的重要目的之一。章利用沃尔什变换对钻孔岩性剖面进行分层，大重建的岩性剖面结果可以看出，该方法对于变质岩地区不同岩性的划分还是比较有效的。     

金风口地面塌陷及水源干枯成因及防治

通过对金风口片区地表的调查，分析了地面降沉、塌陷的原因；研究了塌陷对水源的影响；总结了水源干枯的规律及影响因素；并提出了防治的办法及合理化建议。     

测井资料交会图法在火山岩岩性识别中的应用

在火山岩储层研究中，岩性识别显得越来越重要。在评述目前常用的岩性识别方法后，重点以测井资料交会图法为例，以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷升平气田深层白垩系营城组火山岩为对象，优选出密度测井、自然伽玛测井、声波测井、电阻率、钍铀等测井项目的数据进行交会，编制出测井曲线交会图版，并以此为依据识别出该区的火山岩主要岩性有：安山岩、玄武岩、流纹岩和凝灰岩等。识别结果与实际情况相吻合。