The effect of wind and temperature to phytoplankton biomass during blooming season in Barents Sea

The Barents Sea is the most productive sea in the Arctic. The main causes of phytoplankton spring blooms are studied for a decadal time period of 2003–2013 at the region of (70 °N-80 °N, 30 °E-40 °E) in Barents Sea. Due to the rapidly ice melt in the southern region (70 °N-75 °N), almost no ice left after year 2005, sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed (WIND) are two main dominant factors influencing phytoplankton blooming in the southern region. Ice melt is another important factor of phytoplankton blooming in the northern region (75 °N–80 °N). SST and CHL had positive correlations during blooming season but negative correlations during summer time. The lower SST in spring could result in earlier blooming in the region. Higher SST and higher WIND could result in later blooming. Positive NAO after April 2013 caused higher SST in 2013. Increasing WIND would cause CHL reduced accordingly. Blooming period is from late April to late May in the southern region, and 1–2 weeks later in the northern region. During blooming season, SST was less than 4 °C and WIND was less than 10 m/s. The higher winds (over 15 m/s) in early spring would brought more nutrients from bottom to surface and cause higher blooming (near 10 mg/m³ in year 2010) after WIND is reduced to 5−8 m/s. Higher WIND (around 10 m/s) could generate longer blooming period (more than a week) during late May in the southern region. Decrease of WIND and increase of melting ice, with slightly increase of SST and decrease of mixed layer depth (MLD), are all the factors of phytoplankton blooming in late spring and early summer.     

包体模型应力集中的定量研究

本采用二维弹性介质圆形包体模型,运用连续介和学理论求解出包体内外的应力场、位移场、平均应力、最大剪应力以及能量密度的解析解,从而讨论了硬、软件包体的应力集中特征;     

桂林市汛期降水集中度和集中期与旱涝关系的研究

利用桂林13站近50a的逐日降水资料,采用近年来气象学者提出的降水集中度和集中期的定义,计算桂林汛期降水集中度和集中期,对其统计特征进行分析,结果表明:降水集中度最大值为0.59,最小值为0.12,平均值为0.33,年际变化大,有10a的变化周期;降水集中期出现在汛期第5旬到第8旬之间的年份占76%。对集中度大值年和小值年进行对比分析,得出汛期降水量偏多时,集中度偏大容易造成洪涝灾害,集中度偏小则降水较均匀,不利于洪涝的形成。多水年和少水年降水集中度的空间分布明显不同,多水年的集中期明显比少水年偏迟。     

Sedimentation model and analysis for differential settling of two - particle - size suspensions in the Stokes region

A model is developed for predicting the settling velocity in suspensions of particles of two different sizes based on experimental data for the settling rate of two-size suspensions in various liquids using particles of equal density. In these experiments, the retarding effect of the smaller particles on the settling velocities of the larger ones is taken into account. The model considers Steinour’s fundamental equation and assumes a fixed arrangement of particles and constant velocity in a single-size susp...     

Capacitive sensing technique for silt suspended sediment concentration monitoring

Automated, real-time, and continuous techniques for monitoring suspended sediment concentration in rivers and reservoirs can play an important role in the improvement of the quantity and quality of sediment data, and are valuable to the management of water environment, water conservancy, hazard prevention, and water resources. Research in the monitoring techniques has examined the possibility of using the characteristics of dielectric constants for detecting soil moisture and concentration of air-water two-phase flow, based on the fact that dielectric constants of sediment, air and water are different. A capacitance sensor was developed to monitor the silt suspended sediment concentration (SSSC) in a recent study, following the principle that as SSSC increases in the sediment-water mixture, the apparent dielectric constant of the water sample also increases and therefore the capacitance detected by the sensing system also increases. It is demonstrated that the variations in the concentration of silt sediment correlates positively with the variations in observed capacitance in a linear fashion, and correlates negatively with voltage outputs but also in a linear fashion. The correlation coefficients reached above 0.98. The overall errors in estimated concentrations range between 0.26% and 2.91%. Elements in the capacitance sensor system such as the frequencies of the signal generating system, areas of the electrode plates, and effects of sample temperature have also been evaluated. The results illustrated that the capacitance sensor techniques can be applied to monitoring SSSC automatically and continuously. Also, the range of SSSC in the experiment reached 200 kg/m³; therefore, the application of this technique in practical SSSC monitoring is worthy of further research.     

江苏省农村民居集中住宅区房屋抗震性能探讨

本文通过对常熟市、扬州市、姜堰市部分村镇的农村民居集中住宅区房屋建设进行调查和分析,阐述了江苏省农村民居集中住宅区房屋抗震性能的新型结构类型、斜坡屋面结构、内部结构等典型问题,探讨了改善农村民居集中住宅区房屋抗震性能的政策保证、技术支持、资金来源以及其他方面的途径和建议,对农村民居集中住宅区防震减灾及抗震实用化技术的研究与开发具有重要应用价值,为农村民居集中住宅区建设中改善房屋抗震性能提供参考和依据。     

梅雨期江淮地区极端高温事件的非均匀性特征及其与环流系统的配置

本文基于集中度和集中期的定义方法,利用1960~2007年的48年江淮地区站点的日平均温度资料和累积频率的阈值统计方法,分析梅雨期江淮地区极端高温事件的非均匀分布特征.结果表明,集中度和集中期的方法能够定量地表征梅雨期江淮地区极端高温事件的非均匀分布特征.集中期的异常型为全场一致和南北异常型,集中度的异常分布主要为南北异常和东西异常.进一步比较集中度和集中期异常与同期环流系统的配置关系得知,当集中期南北异常变化时,在高纬度的北太平洋区域出现一对正负的异常模态,且随高度增加而增强,为相当正压结构.海温的异常集中在北太平洋的北美沿岸的显著负异常中心.当集中度为东西异常时,主要环流异常型为约在160°W左右出现 + - + - 的200 hPa纬向西风异常波列形式从低纬度到高纬度地区传播以及与ENSO的显著负相关.     

湖北浮桥河水库悬浮物的季节变化

1998-1999年按季度对湖北浮桥河水库悬浮物进行采样和分析.浮桥河水库悬浮物现存量干重平均为9.991mg/L,有机碎屑是水库悬浮物的主要组成部分,占93.22%,浮游生物仅占6.78%.悬浮物的无灰重为3.45mg/L,其中有机碎屑无灰重的比例占85.54%,浮游生物无灰重占14.46%.悬浮物碳为1.539mg/L,其中有机碎屑碳占81.46%,浮游生物碳占18.54%.浮桥河水库悬浮物氮、磷含量分别为0.257mg/L和0.0143mg/L,其中有机碎屑氮、磷分别为0.200mg/L和0.0072mg/L;浮游生物氮、磷分别为0.057mg/L和0.0071mg/L.悬浮物可作为判断水库营养类型的指标,同时也可用来估算水库滤食性鱼类的鱼产潜力.     

Sand transport measurements in Chioggia inlet,Venice lagoon: Theory versus observations

This paper presents results of recent measurements of sand transport made in Chioggia inlet as part of an extensive monitoring programme in the Venetian inlets. Measurements were made in order: (1) to define a relationship between sand transport magnitude and tidal flow; (2) to derive the thresholds for sand transport; (3) to identify the dominant modes of transport; (4) to evaluate the concentration profiles of sand within the benthic boundary layer; (5) to compare bedload transport observations with model predictions using existent bedload formulae; and (6) to produce yearly estimates of bedload transport across the inlet. The vertical distribution of sand in the water column was sampled using modified Helley–Smith bedload samplers at three sites. Transport was found to vary according to the flow and bed grain size, with considerable temporal and spatial variability. A difference of up to three orders of magnitude in transport was observed through the inlet, with higher transport rates measured on the seaward part. The dominant mode of transport in the central inlet was suspension, while bedload was dominant in the mouths. The measured profiles of sand concentration varied with the tidal stage and seabed grain size according to the Rouse parameter (R). R was high at the inlet mouths (1<R<2), indicative of a well-developed bedload layer. The inverse movability number (W_s/U_*) was also higher at these sites and appeared to be grain size dependant. Formulae for bedload transport were tested against field data; stochastic methods such as Einstein–Brown, Engelund–Hansen and Van Rijn produce the best fits. The coupled model SHYFEM-Sedtrans05 appears to simulate well observed transport for most conditions of flow. Long-term bedload predictions indicate a dominant export of sand, with a yearly average of 4500 m³.     

广西秋季层状云微物理特征分析

利用2012年11—12月在广西进行的11架次飞机云物理探测资料对层状云宏微观物理结构特征进行研究,探讨层状云降水机制。结果表明:广西层状云微物理特征与我国其他地区的存在显著差异。层状云典型的微物理垂直结构为在云下层是由凝结作用生成云滴,随上升气流发展,云滴数浓度、平均直径和液态水含量随高度逐步增加,云滴谱拓宽,谱型向大尺度的方向扩展,至云中上层增大至最大值后随高度减小。冷暖混合云结构的高层云冷云部分的冰相粒子落入暖层后对其微物理结构产生影响,主要是使云滴谱展宽,CIP云滴平均直径垂直分布变幅增大,有利于暖层中碰并过程的启动和发展。层积云微物理水平分布呈现不连续跳跃式变化特征,存在对流泡结构,对流泡内各微物理量高于泡外,云滴谱型向大尺度移动,对流泡结构是层积云形成降水的重要机制。