苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(1)─—深反射地震

苏鲁超高压变质带是世界上研究陆一陆碰撞俯冲和壳幔作用的最佳地质场所之一．为了解超高压变质带岩石的形成、折返和相应的动力学过程,必须了解该区的地壳和浅地幔构造．本文介绍了该区北部的地质情况和进行深反射地震调查取得的成果,包括（１）在五莲─青岛断裂南侧超高压变质岩片向北倾斜,呈现叠复组构,反映岩片的折返;（２）根据地震资料推测在１４６Ｍａ前后胶南地块的隆升一伸展构造内幕;（３）超高压变质岩片厚约１２ｋｍ,由于含有大量相辉岩透镜体,地震波速高达６．８─７．３ｋｍ／ｓ;（４）莫霍面附近有许多楔形反射体,反映陆一陆碰撞;（５）石门地区７ｋｍ深处存在高波速的强反射体,可作为在该区进行大陆科学钻探的候选场址．     

大陆造山带的研究趋势和进展

本文在通过对大陆造山带研究历史回顾的基础上,对现令造山带的分类、研究内容、研究方法及前缘问题做了系统论述,认为以大陆动力学为指导思想的造山带主要研究内容应是：造山带的基本组成、结构构造以及造山带形成演化过程和动力学机制。造山后的伸展作用和隆升机制、高压超高压变质岩形成和折返机制、造山带与盆地耦合关系和动力学、以及造山带流体作用研究等是现今造山带研究的前线问题,它们不仅是解决造山带问题的关键,同时对发展完善大陆动力学理论体系有重要意义。     

张北—尚义地震区的壳幔构造

通过对河北张家口地区的深地震测深宽角反射／折射剖面资料的研究表明：近东西向的张北—崇礼地壳断裂带与北西西向的张家口—渤海地壳深断裂带在张北６２级地震区交汇。在这里延伸至莫霍面的地壳深断裂带和壳内界面的不连续处是汉诺坝大面积玄武岩溢出的通道。震区中上地壳内的局部速度逆转和下地壳内异常的低速带预示着岩浆活动仍较强烈。张家口—渤海地壳深断裂带近期活动可能是张北地震发生的主要因素     

Palaeokarst and rauhwacke development,mountain uplift and subaerial sliding of tectonic sheets (northern Sierra de los Filabres,Betic Cordilleras,Spain)

The rauhwackes near Serón in the northern Sierra de los Filabres (S Spain), previously considered as true tectonic breccias, are reinterpreted on the basis of sedimentological, geomorphological and geometrical evidence as subaerial or nearly subaerial sedimentary deposits. Channel fills, parallel lamination, cross-lamination, graded bedding, sedimentary clastic dykes and other sedimentary structures and features occur in the rauhwacke body. These sedimentary rocks correspond to continental deposits of alluvial and karstic origin deposited over a karstified erosional surface of Nevado–Filabride marbles. Although no fossils have been found in the rauhwackes, a Tortonian age for these rocks is suggested on the basis of structural arguments and lithostratigraphic data from the nearby Almanzora basin. The rauhwackes were buried by slabs of Alpujarride rocks that gravitationally slid over them during the uplifting of the Sierra de los Filabres.     

The Optimal Design of TMD for Offshore Structures

This paper presents the optimal design procedure of Tuned Mass Damper(TMD)for re-ducing vibration of an actual steel jacket offshore platform excited by random wave loading.In this study,a frequency domain is taken.The force on the structure is determined by use of the linearized Morisonequation for an input Power Spectral Density(PSD)of wave elevation.The sensitivity of optimum valuesof TMD to characteristic parameters of random wave spectrum is analyzed.An optimized TMD designfor the modeled platform is given based on design conditions and the findings of the study.     

箱式超大型浮体在非均匀海洋环境下的水弹性试验

超大型浮体(Very Large foating Structure,VLFS)作为人类开发海洋的前沿基地,正在成为世界各国海洋工程界研究的一个热点。由于超大型浮体覆盖的面积比普通的船舶和海洋结构物要大很多,其首尾两端所处的海洋环境可能有显著的差异,因此必须考虑非均匀海洋环境对其水弹性性能的影响。介绍了国内首次进行的箱式超大型浮体在非均匀海洋环境中的水弹性试验,对非均匀海洋环境、超大型浮体的水弹性性能以及两者相互之间的关系进行了研究。     

Effect of viscous,viscoplastic and friction damping on the response of seismic isolated structures

In this paper the efficiency of various dissipative mechanisms to protect structures from pulse‐type and near‐source ground motions is examined. Physically realizable cycloidal pulses are introduced, and their resemblance to recorded near‐source ground motions is illustrated. The study uncovers the coherent component of some near‐source acceleration records, and the shaking potential of these records is examined. It is found that the response of structures with relatively low isolation periods is substantially affected by the high‐frequency fluctuations that override the long duration pulse. Therefore, the concept of seismic isolation is beneficial even for motions that contain a long duration pulse which generates most of the unusually large recorded displacements and velocities. Dissipation forces of the plastic (friction) type are very efficient in reducing displacement demands although occasionally they are responsible for substantial permanent displacements. It is found that the benefits by hysteretic dissipation are nearly indifferent to the level of the yield displacement of the hysteretic mechanism and that they depend primarily on the level of the plastic (friction) force. The study concludes that a combination of relatively low friction and viscous forces is attractive since base displacements are substantially reduced without appreciably increasing base shears and superstructure accelerations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Compensation of time‐delay for control of civil engineering structures

Time‐delay is an important issue in structural control. Applications of unsynchronized control forces due to time‐delay may result in a degradation of the control performance and it may even render the controlled structures to be unstable. In this paper, a state‐of‐the‐art review for available methods of time‐delay compensation is presented. Then, five methods for the compensation of fixed time‐delay are presented and investigated for active control of civil engineering structures. These include the recursive response method, state‐augmented compensation method, controllability based stabilization method, the Smith predictor method and the Pade approximation method, all are applicable to any control algorithm to be used for controlled design. Numerical simulations have been conducted for MDOF building models equipped with an active control system to demonstrate the stability and control performance of these time‐delay compensation methods. Finally, the stability and performance of the phase shift method, that is well‐known in civil engineering applications, have also been critically evaluated through numerical simulations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从抗震设防类别探讨室内地震应急避难场所的选择

区分建筑物的抗震设防类别是进行抗震设计的前提和依据。本文针对当前我国室内地震应急避难场所认定面临的现有建筑的抗震安全性问题,根据不同版本的《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》和《建筑抗震设计规范》,对现有体育、会展、教育建筑等设计、施工时依据的抗震设防类别、标准、规范进行分析研究,以为室内地震应急避难场所的选择提供参考,从而推动室内地震应急避难场所的认定工作。     

Determination of the seismic performance factors for post‐tensioned rocking timber wall systems

Post‐tensioned technologies for concrete seismic resistant buildings were first developed in the 1990s during the PREcast Seismic Structural Systems program. Among different solutions, the hybrid system proved to be the most resilient solution providing a combination of re‐centering and energy dissipative contributions respectively by using post‐tensioned tendons and mild steel reinforcement. The system, while providing significant strength and energy dissipation, reduces structural element damage and limits post‐earthquake residual displacements. More recently, the technology was extended to laminated veneer lumber (LVL) structural members, and extensive experimental and numerical work was carried out and allowed the development of reliable analytical and numerical models as well as design guidelines. On the basis of the experimental and numerical outcomes, this paper presents the evaluation of the seismic performance factors for post‐tensioned rocking LVL walls using the FEMA P‐695 procedure. Several archetype buildings were designed considering different parameters such as the building and story height, the type of seismic resistant system, the magnitude of gravity loads and the seismic design category. Lumped plasticity models were developed for each index archetype to simulate the behavioral aspects and collapse mechanisms. Non‐linear quasi‐static analyses were carried out to evaluate the system over‐strength factor; moreover, non‐linear time history analyses were performed using the incremental dynamic analysis concept to assess the collapse of each building. From the results of quasi‐static and dynamic analyses the response modification factor, R, system over‐strength factor, Ω₀, and deflection amplification factor, C_d, values of, respectively, 7, 3.5 and 7.5 are recommended. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.