非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构设计方法探讨

在建立非线形粘滞阻尼器消能结构性能曲线的基础上，建议了依据减震性能目标确定阻尼器参数的概略设计方法。提出了多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构的等效阻尼比计算公式。在此基础上建议了适用于多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构地震反应预测的模态叠加法，方法与时程分析结果对比吻合良好。为使各层阻尼器参数更好地满足减震性能要求，提出了将概略设计得到的层阻尼器参数依据减振性能目标进行调整的方法。     

多普勒雷达探测“艾利”台风风场不对称结构

2004年8月25日, “艾利”台风在靠近我国台湾东北部海域后不同于正常路径, 先后发生两次左折, 先是西北转偏西, 再偏西转西南, 这种路径在历史上极为罕见。通过“艾利”台风的雷达观测事实, 从单多普勒雷达和双多普勒雷达均发现在台风前进方向的右前方, 即西北象限风速极值大于其他象限, 进一步证明了“艾利”台风的风场分布遵循波数为1的非对称性, 从位于台风不同象限的福州长乐和厦门两站雷达资料, 以及常规的地面观测、高空探测资料和NCEP数值预报再分析资料都得到证实。研究表明, “艾利”台风处在大陆高压东南侧, 台风外围存在一支7 m/s左右的环境风场引导气流。因此, 西北象限风速极值大于其他象限的不对称分布可能是由环境风场和台风本身两方面共同造成的, 这种不对称分布有利于维持“艾利”台风向西南方向移动。在我国东南沿海地区, 由于单部多普勒雷达不可能同时探测到台风的西北、东北和西南3个象限的风速极值, 而双多普勒雷达或多多普勒雷达联合探测台风, 则可以同时探测到3个象限的风速极值, 根据风速极值可能存在的不对称分布情况来预测台风的路径转折趋势, 因此重视双多普勒雷达或多多普勒雷达联合探测对于提高监测预报水平具有重要的意义。     

反射系数（K）法在激电测深找矿中的应用

反射系数（Ｋ）法是一种电测深ρｓ资料的解释手段和处理方法。从湖南某砂岩铜矿利用激电测深确定红层中的含矿层,某铅锌矿利用激电测深探测两条含矿破碎带的实例,说明反射系数（Ｋ）法在对激电测深ρｓ资料解释的基础上,结合激电异常的特点,能有效地确定不同的地质构造,达到间接找矿的目的。     

Metamorphic and structural evolution of the Early Proterozoic Puolankajärvi Formation, Finland – I. Structural and textural relations

The amphibolite facies Puolankajärvi Formation (PjF) occupies the western margin of the Early Proterozoic Kainuu Schist Belt (KSB) of northern Finland. The lower and middle parts of the PjF consist of turbiditic psammites and pelites and tempestitic semipelites. This report concentrates on the pelitic lithologies which include quartz–two-mica–plagioclase schists with variable amounts of garnet, staurolite, andalusite and biotite porphyroblasts as well as sillimanite and cordierite segregations. The KSB forms a major north–south-trending synclinorium between two Archaean blocks. It contains both autochthonous and allochthonous units and is cut by faults and shear zones. The PjF lies on the western side of the KSB and is probably allochthonous. The formation has undergone six major deformation phases (D₁, D₂, D_3a, D_3b, D₄ and D₅). During D_3a-D₅ the maximum principal stress (σ₁) changed in a clockwise direction from south-west to north-east. Between D₂ and D₃ the intermediate principal stress (σ₂) changed from horizontal to vertical and the interval between D₂ and D₃ marks a transition from thrust to strike-slip tectonics. Relict structures in the porphyroblasts indicate the following mineral growth–deformation evolution in the PjF. (1) Throughout the PjF there was a successive crystallization of garnet (syn-D₁), poryphyroblastic biotite (inter-D_3/4) and staurolite (inter-D_3/4) during the pre-D₄ stage. (2) A syn-D₄-inter-D_4/5 crystallization of kyanite, sillimanite (fibrolite), porphyroblastic tourmaline, magnetite, rutile, cordierite and muscovite–biotite–plagioclase pseudomorphs after staurolite was most localized at and near D₄ shear zones. (3) A syn- to post-D₅ generation of andalusite, ilmenohematite and sheet silicates after staurolite and after cordierite occurred near D₅ faults. The evolution outlined here permits the relative dating of the PjF parageneses, which is used in the second part of the study (Tuisku & Laajoki, 1990), and, together with the knowledge of the pressure–temperature conditions during various growth events, makes it possible to compile pressure–temperature–deformation paths for the PjF.     

Seismic amplifications from offshore to shore

The objective of this study is to determine numerical estimations of seismic amplifications of waves traveling from offshore to shore considering the effect of sea floor configurations. According to the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements were used to irradiate waves and density force can be determined for each element. From this hypothesis, Huygens’ Principle is implemented since diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated and this is equivalent to Somigliana's theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to determine a system of integral equations of Fredholm type of second kind, which is solved by the Gaussian method. Various numerical models were analyzed, a first one was used to validate the proposed formulation and some other models were used to show various ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. Once the formulation was validated, basic slope configurations were studied for estimating spectra of seismic amplifications for various sea floor materials. In general terms, compressional waves (P-waves) can produce seismic amplifications of the incident wave in the order of 2–5. On the other hand, distortional waves (S-waves) can produce amplifications up to 5.5 times the incident wave. A relevant finding is that the highest seismic amplifications due to an offshore earthquake are always located near the shore-line and not offshore despite the seafloor configuration.     

红纤维虾海藻(Phyllospadix iwatensis)形态结构特征及其对海洋环境的适应性

红纤维虾海藻作为海洋沉水高等植物具有重要的生态与渔业价值。该物种目前已经处于濒 危状态, 且研究资料十分匮乏。本研究通过实地生境调查, 对其进行了形态学与解剖学研究, 并在此 基础上对其海洋环境的结构适应性进行了较为深入的探讨。研究结果表明: 红纤维虾海藻须根末端 膨大并密生根毛, 有利于增强植株的抓附能力和吸收能力; 表皮细胞细胞壁具有类似栓化细胞初生 壁性质的六面加厚现象, 与外部多层皮层厚角组织形成机械组织区, 叶鞘内侧含有丰富的机械组织, 使结构的抗性加强, 能承受较强的海流冲击; 雄花序中无退化雌蕊, 雌花序兼具雌蕊和退化的雄蕊, 花序轴两侧着生数枚桨状小苞片, 花粉丝状, 利于授粉, 传粉方式为水媒和半水媒传粉; 小坚果密 生倒向长鬃毛, 便于果实在海流中固着锚定。该研究弥补了目前对海洋沉水高等植物适应性进化特 征理解的不足, 也为该物种在生态修复中的应用提供了科学依据。     

广西凤凰山银矿床构造控矿与找矿方向研究

广西凤凰山银矿床位于西大明山复式背斜北东端的次级褶皱断裂破碎带中。本文基于区域构造背景,研究了凤凰山银矿床构造对矿化蚀变的控制作用,分析了控矿构造组合样式及其形成机理。认为矿体产于NWW向压剪性断裂中的局部张性地段,断裂产状变化部位以及NWW向断裂与NW向断裂交会部位是成矿有利部位。     

山东三甲金矿床控矿构造特征及深部预测

三甲金矿床位于胶东半岛东部的牟乳金矿带内岔河—三甲断裂的南端,其围岩主要为古老变质岩和昆嵛山花岗岩,为含金石英脉型金矿。本文通过对矿床控矿构造空间形态、活动期次、力学性质以及围岩蚀变等方面的研究,认为三甲金矿主要受控于主断裂,其内不同期次的次级断裂控制了矿体的空间产出位置;控矿断裂至少经历了三期应力改造,早期为压扭兼张扭性的右行剪切变形,中、晚期以张性裂隙为主-形成多金属硫化物石英脉,后期为压扭性裂隙内部充填形成石英+碳酸盐+多金属硫化物。进而总结了矿体在断裂带中分布的规律性。深部地球化学研究表明,三甲金矿的矿石类型、矿石矿物组合具有垂向分带的特征,矿物组合逆向分带与地球化学原生晕所指示的深部成矿叠加相一致。结合矿体在断裂中分布的规律以及原生晕特点,推断三甲金矿在-506m标高以下尚有成矿富集段的存在,此次研究为深部找矿提供了重要的依据。     

强迫摇荡运动三维球体水动力系数的CFD计算

采用计算流体力学(CFD)的雷诺平均法(RANS方法),并考虑了自由表面的影响(采用VOF方法模拟自由表面),来模拟三维球体的单自由度强迫摇荡运动,得到纵荡、升沉及横摇的附加质量与阻尼系数。该数值模拟结果与三维势流理论计算的结果进行比较,趋势基本一致,但CFD方法更能凸显粘性的作用。本文所应用方法能合理给出浮式结构物的水动力系数,更精确描述海洋浮式结构物周围的流场,可应用于船舶与海洋工程浮式结构物的水动力性能研究。     

琼东南盆地深水区断层垂向输导及成藏模式

In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed.Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage.