To the problem of solar coronal heating

We consider the adequacy of various solar coronal heating models. We show that the correlation between the intensity of the coronal Fe XIV 530.5 nm green line and the calculated magnetic field strength in the solar corona can be a useful tool for this purpose. We have established this correlation for coronal structures and magnetic fields of large spatial and temporal scales. The correlation found exhibits a strong dependence on both solar cycle phase and heliolatitude. The efficiency of a particular coronal heating mechanism is probably determined by the relative area occupied by low and high loops (including open structures). The direct current models based on slow field dissipation (DC) and the wave models based on Alfvén and magnetosonic wave dissipation (AC) are more efficient in the equatorial and polar zones, respectively.     

自动气象站太阳能充放电控制器的研制与应用

在实际工作中发现区域自动气象站蓄电池存在过充电现象.过充电使蓄电池使用寿命严重缩短,导致自动站无法正常运行.通过自行研制的太阳能充放电控制器在端电压达到蓄电池上限值时停止充电,能有效解决蓄电池过充现象,起到保护蓄电池的作用.保护器只用太阳能电池的电能而不用蓄电池的电能,无光照(无须保护)时自动停止工作,最大限度地延长采集器工作时间;控制器可即插即用,无须改动采集器中的任何接线,从而保证了区域站的长期稳定运行.     

CuInSe2太阳电池薄膜的制备技术及研究进展

着重介绍了CuInSe2的结构和光、电学特性；讨论了多各上薄膜沉积技术；评价了主要的合成装置及其作途；综述了制备CuInSe2太阳电池器件的工艺和材料，提出了一种能成功地生产大面积太阳电池薄膜的经济有铲的沉积技术。     

基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布

基于1 km×1 km分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM) 数据,利用建立的起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了黄河流域1 km×1 km分辨率各月天文辐射的空间分布。结果表明:局部地形对黄河流域年和四季天文辐射的空间分布影响明显;在太阳高度角较低的冬季,地理和地形因子对天文辐射的影响相当强烈,山区天文辐射的空间差异大,1月份向阳山坡(偏南坡) 天文辐射可为背阴山坡(偏北坡) 的2~3倍,极端天文辐射的差异可达10倍以上;而在太阳高度角较高的夏季,天文辐射空间差异较小,7月份不同地形极端天文辐射的差异仅在16%左右;四季中,地形对天文辐射影响的程度为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。     

Total precipitable water in the atmosphere over India

Electromagnetic radiation, in its passage through the atmosphere, is attenuated by absorption and scattering by atmospheric gases, dust and aerosols. The most important absorber is water vapour and the most significant parameter in atmospheric absorption studies is the total precipitable water in the atmosphere. The present paper summarises the results of a study made to compute the total precipitable water in the atmosphere over India using radiosonde and other data, as part of a programme for the computation of direct, global and diffuse solar radiation at the ground from the solar constant. Using values of air temperature and dew point from the ground up to 250 mb at 19 radiosonde stations and surface water vapour mixing ratio values at 105 surface observatories in India, precipitable water amounts have been computed for 124 stations, for each month and for the whole year. The paper describes the techniques used to extend the total precipitable water amounts derived from radiosonde data at 19 stations to 124 stations covering the major climatic zones in the country and presents the results in the form of 12 maps showing the spatial and temporal distribution of total precipitable water over India     

基于城市绿色生产性面积的生态补偿机制研究（英文）

我国城市扩张、粮食保障和能源转型形势严峻,如何挖掘城市建成环境的绿色生产潜力、探索一条通过粮食生产和太阳能利用节约土地空间并缓解生态压力的新途径？本文不同于以往生态补偿研究大多以重点生态功能区为对象或以财税补偿机制为手段,而是创新性地建立了一种城市空间内部的生态补偿机制。本文提出城市“绿色生产性面积”作为一种从城市生态学角度来衡量城市生态承载力提升潜力的方法,它基于将城市绿色资源收入换算成相同条件下它们所能节约的生态足迹面积。首先,通过类型学方法建立绿色生产补偿策略;其次,进行城市建成环境的全要素空间清查及其绿色生产潜力分析;最后,建立不同绿色生产的生态节地效益统一核算标准,并转换为绿色生产性土地面积指标。以天津市南开区学府街道为例,通过可利用的屋顶及闲置用地进行绿色生产,补充了该区12%的建筑所占用的自然土地所能提供的生态承载力。     

On the Dynamics of Dust Grains in a Hierarchical Environment

Most main sequence stars are binaries or higher multiplicity Systems and it appears that at birth most stars have circumstellar disks. It is commonly accepted that planetary systems arise from the material of these disks; consequently, binary and multiple systems may have a main role in planet formation. In this paper, we study the stage of planetary formation during which the particulate material is still dispersed as centimetre-to-metre sized primordial aggregates. We investigate the response of the particles, in a protoplanetary disk with radius R_D = 100 AU around a solar-like star, to the gravitational field of bound perturbing companions in a moderately wide (300–1600 AU) orbit. For this purpose, we have carried out a series of simulations of coplanar hierarchical configurations using a direct integration code that models gravitational and viscous forces. The massive protoplanetary disk is around one of the components of the binary. The evolution in time of the dust sub-disk depends mainly on the nature (prograde or retrograde) of the relative revolution of the stellar companion, and on the temperature and mass of the circumstellar disk. Our results show that for binary companions near the limit of tidal truncation of the disk, the perturbation leads to an enhanced accretion rate onto the primary, decreasing the lifetime of the particles in the protoplanetary disk with respect to the case of a single star. As a consequence of an enhanced accretion rate the mass of the disk decreases faster, which leads to a longer resultant lifetime for particles in the disk. On the other hand, binary companions may induce tidal arms in the dust phase of protoplanetary disks. Spiral perturbations with m = 1 may increase in a factor 10 or more the dust surface density in the neighbourhood of the arm, facilitating the growth of the particles. Moreover, in a massive disk (0.01M⊙) the survival time of particles is significantly shorter than in a less massive nebula (0.001M⊙) and the temperature of the disk severely influences the spiral-in time of particles. The rapid evolution of the dust component found in post T Tauri stars can be explained as a result of their binary nature. Binarity may also influence the evolution of circumpulsar disks. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

西藏当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验研究

西藏当雄错盐湖位于藏北高原腹地西南侧,其水化学类型属典型的中度碳酸盐型,具有很好的工业开发前景和价值.自然蒸发是盐田日晒工艺的应用基础工作,本文基于室内卤水等温蒸发实验的相关结果,在当雄错湖区现场开展了盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验,通过考察碳酸盐型盐湖卤水在现场低温条件下自然蒸发过程中液相各元素的富集规律以及矿物的结晶析盐规律,分析了锂、硼、钾等元素的集散行为,并根据卤水蒸发过程中的元素富集、蒸失水量、盐类析出顺序、矿物组合以及物化性质的变化探索了盐类分离的控制条件.以Na+,K+/CO2-3,SO2-4,Cl--H2O五元体系(25℃)介稳相图为参考依据,绘制了当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发的结晶析盐路线.实验结果表明,当雄错盐湖卤水在冬季日晒蒸发过程中依次析出石盐、泡碱、天然碱、硼砂、钾石盐和扎布耶石,另有少量芒硝和泡碱等低温产物会提前析出或被母液夹带析出,利用冬季低温蒸发可制取富锂卤水,蒸发后期的母卤还可用于提取硼砂和钾石盐等矿物资源.实验结果为下一步开展盐田工程设计及制卤工艺操作提供了必要的基础数据,同时也为碳酸盐型盐湖卤水的综合利用和开发提供了理论支持.     

太阳光谱仪用探测器的研究

观测太阳光谱所使用的探测器,在选型与使用上有其特殊性。结合云南天文台太阳光谱仪,首先建立了太阳光谱仪分光流量的计算机模型,并通过观测实验对该模型进行了检验。利用该模型计算了云南天文台太阳光谱仪各可见光及近红外波段的太阳光谱分光流量,在此基础上,详细讨论了太阳光谱仪用探测器的选型方案,以及观测中的注意要点。