The study of Mg isotope compositions of terrestrial rocks and meteorites

The study of Mg isotopes has been carried out for about 40 years since 1970 s. With analytical progress, the study is not only limited to the excess of 26Mg due to decay of short-lived 26Al in primitive meteorites, also extended to mass-dependent fractionation of Mg isotopes in meteorites and terrestrial rocks. This paper reviews recent development in Mg isotope researches.     

长江三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测

长江三峡工程库区人类活动频繁,生态系统脆弱,三峡工程对库区生态环境的影响一直是人们关注的焦点。运用遥感、地理 信息系统、全球卫星定位系统、计算机网络技术,采用DEM 、影像正射校正、多源影像数据融合、多层次信息提取等技术方法,对整 个库区20世纪80年代中期、90年代末期生态环境、草地资源进行了全面的动态监测,并在此基础上利用ArcGIS软件开发完成了“长江 三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测GIS系统”。     

Geolord-AT空三加密软件处理数码航片的方法

在Geolord-AT空三加密软件中对数码航片进行框标定向的前期处理，创建带有框标的数码航片或者直接创建内定向的＊．kb文件，使数码航片顺利按要求通过内定向。     

高斯平面坐标换算到测区平均高程面上的方法

依据高斯投影原理，提出了一种在高斯平面与任决高程平面间进行坐标转换的方法，并设计了相应的计算软件。     

卫星重力梯度向下延拓的频域最小二乘配置法

本文深入研究频域最小二乘配置法的基本原理及其在求解卫星重力梯度向下延拓问题中的应用。与一般空域最小二乘配置法相比，该方法具有高效稳定的特点，特别适合于大规模重力场数据处理，并为利用卫星重力梯度数据精化局部重力场提供了可供参考的方法。     

福州市温泉区地面沉降监测与沉降规律分析

应用精密水准测量方法，于１９９３年在温泉区取得三个周期的观测成果，结合以往资料进行综合分析，得出初步结论。并为福州市地下热水开采的控制、预防及减轻因沉降产生的地灾害方面提出有益的建议。     

航空摄影最佳曝光量的选择

分解力是评定影象质量的重要指标。本文介绍利用改进后的国产9 w测微密度仪,测定航空软片静态分解力与曝光量的关系。以最大分解力所相应的曝光量作为确定航摄软片感光度的基准,以此为基础,确定航摄底片的最大密度( D _max )、最小密度( D _min )、影象反差(△ D )和平均密度( D _R )本文对国产1022T、1022P、柯达2402、2412等航摄软片进行了研究,其试验结果可作为今后修改航摄规范的基础。     

A hyperspectral experiment over tropical forests based on the EO-1 orbit change and PROSAIL simulation

ABSTRACT

We designed a unique hyperspectral experiment from the Earth Observing One (EO-1) orbit change to evaluate solar illumination effects over tropical forests in Brazil. Ten nadir-viewing Hyperion images collected over a fixed site and period of the year (July to August) were selected for analysis. We evaluated variations in reflectance and in 16 narrowband vegetation indices (VIs) with increasing solar zenith angle (SZA) from the pre-drift (2004–2008) to the EO-1 drift period (2011–2016). To detect changes in reflectance and shadows, we applied spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) and calculated the similarity spectral angle (θ) between the vegetation spectra measured with variable SZA. The magnitude of the illumination effects was also evaluated from change-point analysis and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests applied over the time series. Finally, we complemented our experiment using the PROSAIL model to simulate the VIs variation with increasing SZA resultant from satellite drift. The results showed significant changes in Hyperion reflectance and VIs, especially when the EO-1 crossed the study area at earlier times and larger SZA in 2015 (9:05 a.m.; SZA = 59°) and 2016 (8:30 a.m.; SZA = 67°). Compared to the pre-drift period (10:30 a.m.; SZA = 45°), the SZA differences of 14° (2015) and 22° (2016) increased the shade fractions and decreased the vegetation brightness. PCA separated the pre-drift and drift reflectance datasets, showing shifts in scores due to changes in brightness. θ increased with SZA, indicating changes in the shape of the vegetation spectra with drift. For most VIs, the change-point analysis indicated 2015 (SZA = 59°) as the predominant year of detected changes. Compared to the EO-1 original orbit, the Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI), Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (ARI) and Structure Insensitive Pigment Index (SIPI) presented the largest positive changes during drift, while the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) had the largest negative changes. The effect size of the illumination geometry on these VIs was large, as indicated by increasing values of the Cohen’s r metric toward 2016. The anisotropy of the Hyperion VIs was generally consistent with that from PROSAIL in the simulated pre-drift and drift periods. Focusing on structural indices, it affected the relationships between VIs and simulated leaf area index (LAI) at large SZA.     

基于PS-InSAR技术的黄土大厚度挖方区回弹变形规律分析

以陕北某湿陷性黄土大厚度挖方地基工程为研究对象,采用PS-InSAR技术对2018-10—2019-11间获取的16景TerraSAR-X卫星影像进行处理,获取了湿陷性黄土挖方区回弹变形信息,总结了大厚度挖方区时序回弹变形特征。结果表明,由于上部土体应力卸载,在开挖区域存在地基土回弹变形现象,选取的高密度PS点变形信息较好地反映了研究区的真实变形情况,回弹变形范围与开挖边界吻合,另外挖方厚度越大,土体开挖引起的回弹变形越大;在开挖完成后的1年监测时间内,回弹区变形量随时间呈线性变化,在最大开挖厚度处,产生最大回弹量为29.3 mm;此外,PS-InSAR技术监测到的变形量与实地水准结果吻合性较好,表明该技术在黄土大厚度挖方区回弹变形监测中具有较好的应用效果。     

旋翼无人机载激光雷达在农村不动产权籍调查中的应用

我国越来越重视农村的发展,目前各地都在积极开展农村不动产权籍调查工作,该工作时间紧迫,对数据精度要求较高。在农村不动产权籍调查中,本文针对传统外业全野外调绘所带来的低效率问题,提出了利用旋翼无人机载激光雷达进行调绘的方法,并且通过实例验证了该方法相较于传统测绘方式能够提高测绘的效率且测绘精度符合最终要求。