Lateral dynamic response of a partially embedded pile subjected to combined loads in saturated soil

In this article, an analytical solution is proposed to investigate the lateral dynamic response of a pile which is partially embedded in saturated soil layer and subjected to combined lateral and vertical loads. The saturated soil is described by Biot’s poroelastic theory and the resistance of soil is derived by potential function method. The governing equation of the pile is solved by coupling soil resistance and continuity conditions between the pile and the soil. The dynamic impedances of the pile are then obtained through transfer matrix method. To verify the validity of the proposed procedure, the present solution is compared with available solution for an idealized case. Finally, a parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of various parameters on the stiffness and damping properties of the pile-soil system. It is found that permeability of the soil and vertical load has significant effects on the dynamic response of the pile.     

Cement Deep Soil Mixing (CDSM) for Solidification of Soft Estuarine Sediments

A preliminary study was conducted to determine the potential for cement deep soil mixing (CDSM) technology as a method for in-situ solidification of contaminated river and estuarine sediments. The study was conducted in Newark Bay, near the mouth of the Passaic River, New Jersey. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the viability of CDSM for the in-situ S/S with a focus on: 1) determining the correct mix of the cement slurry, which provides rapid stabilization of the sediment matrix, 2) potential resuspension of solids during CSDM operations, 3) the effects of high organic content on the solidification process, and 4) the feasibility of using conventional dredging/extraction methods once the sediments have been stabilized and allowed to cure. The results of the study show CDSM slurry mixtures, as low as 7% in cement content, result in significant solidification and strength gain of in-situ sediments under ambient conditions. In sediments with very high organic contents (> 20%), the slurry mix would need to be adjusted to account for retardation effects of organics on cement hydration. Sediment resuspension during application was shown to be minimal at a distance of as little as 75 feet from the mixing head. Strength gains were considerable, effectively consolidating the sediment particles in a secure matrix, but not so high as to preclude extraction of solidified sediments with conventional dredging equipment. Dredged solidified sediment exhibited characteristics of a stiff glacial clay, and as such was easier to handle and transport than untreated dredged sediments. This technique has high potential to be used as an interim remedial measure prior to either extraction and decontamination/disposal or proper capping.     

Behavior of soil plugs in open‐ended model piles driven into sands

Calibration chamber tests were conducted on open‐ended model piles driven into dried siliceous sands with different soil conditions in order to clarify the effect of soil conditions on load transfer mechanism in the soil plug. The model pile used in the test series was devised so that the bearing capacity of an open‐ended pile could be measured as three components: outside shaft resistance, plug resistance, and tip resistance. Under the assumption that the unit shaft resistance due to pile‐soil plug interaction varies linearly near the pile tip, the plug resistance was estimated. The plug capacity, which was defined as the plug resistance at ultimate condition, is mainly dependent on the ambient lateral pressure and relative density. The length of wedged plug that transfers the load decreases with the decrease of relative density, but it is independent of the ambient pressure and penetration depth. Under several assumptions, the value of earth pressure coefficient in the soil plug can be calculated. It gradually reduces with increase in the longitudinal distance from the pile tip. At the bottom of the soil plug, it tends to decrease with increase in the penetration depth and relative density, and to increase with the increase of ambient pressure. This may be attributed to (1) the decrease of friction angle as a result of increase in the effective vertical stress, (2) the difference in the dilation degree of the soil plug during driving with ambient pressures, and (3) the difference in compaction degree of soil plug during driving with relative densities. Based on the test results, an empirical equation was suggested to compute the earth pressure coefficient to be used in the calculation of plug capacity using one‐dimensional analysis, and it produces proper plug capacities for all soil conditions.     

波致液化粉质土有效应力变化的试验数据分析

海床不稳定性的现象很多都是海底液化引起的。根据之前的研究,粉土在液化之后有效应力会依然存在,关于波浪作用下海床液化之后有效应力变化的研究很少。采用波浪水槽实验,在未液化和液化2种情况下,分别施加不同波高的波浪,对底床各层位土体孔隙水压力进行采集,并对比研究。实验结果表明,液化后有效应力的相对值相对于液化前有很明显的减小,并且在深度上表现出显著的差异性,这种差异性随着波高的增大而减小。当相同深度处同一种波高作用一定时间时,有效应力会出现极大值,然后有效应力会减小。     

横向土运动作用下群桩的性状研究

以有限元与有限差分相结合,对横向土运动作用下的群桩工作性状,产生群桩效应的临界桩距、桩数及排列、桩顶边界条件等影响因素作出分析;并对沿桩排的应力分布作出初步探讨。     

Impact Compressive Creep Characteristics of Simulative Soil for Deep-Sea Sediment

The impact load (equivalent impact height) applied to deep-sea sediment by a walking mining machine was first deduced by the energy conservation principle, and the simulative soil was prepared based on the deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacific C-C mining area. The self-designed impact compressive creep tests of the simulative soil were conducted under different ground stresses and impact heights, in order to determine impact compressive creep parameters using a K-H rheological model. Test results show that the impact compressive creep curves have three similar creep stages (transient creep, unstable creep, and stable creep) to static compressive creep curves, where the transient creep deformation and total deformation at the unstable creep stage decrease with the impact load. Among the three impact compressive creep parameters (K₁, K₂, β) of the simulative soil, K₁ is first increased with impact height and finally fluctuated to a certain stable value, while K₂ and β are approximately linearly increased with impact height. The maximum subsidence of the mining machine under a specific designed ground stress and walking velocity predicted by the impact compressive creep constitutive equation can be used for safety assessment of the mining machine.     

淤泥质潮滩地貌演变中的水动力及生物过程研究进展

淤泥质潮滩对于海岸防护、增加土地资源、保持生物多样性等具有重要作用。从淤泥质潮滩演变的主要驱动因子——潮流、波浪、生物作用及地下过程四个方面回顾和总结了潮滩演变动力地貌过程的相关研究进展,提出应关注潮滩短期演变规律、波浪与浮泥作用机理、生物生长与潮滩演变定量关系,以及地下过程作用机理等。     

浆固碎石桩成桩注浆影响范围现场试验研究

浆固碎石桩作为一种新型桩基技术,不仅具有一般刚性桩的桩体置换作用,而且能改善桩周土的力学性质,从而可有效地提高复合地基的承载力及减小沉降变形。通过现场进行成桩前后的桩周土性质研究,验证了注浆对桩周土性质的改善作用,得出成桩时注浆影响范围及分布规律。针对黏性土中浆固碎石桩浆液挤密作用,按平面轴对称问题分析了塑性区边界条件及内部单元体的平衡条件,提出浆固碎石桩浆液影响范围的计算公式。理论公式计算结果与原位测试结果较为符合,从而验证了计算方法的合理性,这对浆固碎石桩的注浆加固具有一定的指导意义。     

The sharp decrease in suspended sediment supply from China's rivers to the sea: anthropogenic and natural causes

Abstract

Based on data from river gauging stations, the multi-year variations in suspended sediment flux (SSF) from China's nine major rivers to the sea were examined. The decadal SSF decreased by 70.2%: from 1.81 Gt/year for 1954–1963 to 0.54 Gt/year for 1996–2005. The decrease in SSF was more dramatic in the arid northern region than in the wet southern region; from north to south, the SSF decreased by 84% in the Yellow River, 42% in the Yangtze River, and 22% in the Pearl River. Dam construction was the principal cause for the decrease in SSF. At present, approximately 2 Gt/year of sediment is trapped in the reservoirs within the nine river basins. Reduced precipitation and increased water extraction and sand mining have also played a role in the decrease in SSF. Although water and sediment conservation programmes have not counteracted the influence of deforestation, they have enhanced the decrease in SSF in recent years. It is concluded that human activity has become a governing factor on riverine sediment delivery to the sea in China.     

基于裂缝混凝土的修正氯离子迁移模型研究

通过研究裂缝混凝土内的氯离子运移,建立了混凝土内考虑扩散、结合和电迁移场作用以及裂缝影响的氯离子迁移耦合模型。预测混凝土寿命。模型从已有试验数据中得到了较好验证。在南通盐渍土环境,运用Comsol Multiphysics软件计算混凝土内氯离子随时间和空间的分布;随裂缝宽度、深度及保护层厚度变化的混凝土使用年限变化规律。研究表明：混凝土内氯离子浓度,随时间增加而增加,增速减小;随离子侵入混凝土深度增加而减小,减速趋缓。氯离子从裂缝运移到混凝土孔隙,浓度突降。混凝土使用年限,随保护层厚度增加呈近似线性增加;随裂缝深度增加而减小;随裂缝宽度增加呈指数型函数关系。