村镇规划国土GIS数据的组织方法研究

村镇规划国土GIS数据是村镇规划国土信息系统的数据基础,因为其涉及规划、国土、建设等多个行业,数据来源多样、结构复杂,因此不能简单地照搬城市领域的相关建设经验,而需对其数据组织方法进行深入的研究。本文首先分析了村镇规划国土GIS数据的特点,然后从数据分类编码、数据集成、异构数据融合和数据的专题化管理等几个方面对其进行了探讨研究。其对我国新农村建设中村镇信息的规范化组织有一定的借鉴作用。     

随机森林模型预测岩溶区酸性煤矿井水锰污染

酸性煤矿井水严重威胁地下水的水质。如何更有效对受影响区域的地下水源进行动态监测是当前的一个关键问题。采用随机森林中的回归模型,利用自变量(采空区水位、岩溶水位、pH值、泉水流量、电导率)和因变量(污染离子浓度)的相关性,建立回归模型;使用测试数据进行误差分析,结果证明模型准度较高,所得预测值具有参考价值;得出各自变量对因变量影响的重要程度,分析结果与实际情况相符合。试验表明,随机森林回归模型在酸性煤矿井水污染预测方面具有适用性,可作为辅助手段监测水质污染情况,对今后工作有一定的指导意义和经济价值。     

阿拉伯板块古生代岩相古地理及其对油气富集的控制作用

中东阿拉伯板块自寒武纪以来为一个构造相对稳定的块体, 油气储量占全球重要地位。近年来, 深部古生界储层成为油气勘探新发现的主要层系。本文通过调研中东区域地质、含油气盆地地质资料, 结合油气藏层位及分布特征, 编制阿拉伯板块寒武纪、奥陶纪、志留纪、泥盆纪、早二叠世、晚二叠世等6个地质时期的岩相古地理图, 并分析对油气富集特征的控制作用。研究结果表明: (1)寒武纪-志留纪, 阿拉伯板块整体以陆相-浅海相沉积环境为主, 早志留世的快速海侵形成热页岩, 为古生界油气生成提供了雄厚的物质基础; (2)泥盆纪-石炭纪, 海西构造事件造成抬升剥蚀, 使志留纪烃源岩能够发生垂向/侧向运移至二叠系储层; (3)早二叠世以碎屑岩沉积为主, 晚二叠世为海相和局限海沉积环境, 形成了以碳酸盐岩储层和蒸发盐岩盖层为主的优质储盖组合; (4)已发现油气藏主要分布在寒武系-志留系陆相碎屑岩、下二叠统陆相-海陆过渡相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩以及上二叠统海相碳酸盐岩储层中, 上二叠统碳酸盐岩为最重要的储层, 志留系热页岩广泛分布、基底继承性构造和前寒武系盐穹隆为古生界油气运聚提供了有利条件。

     

光学探生仪研制

光学探生仪主要用于在地震等灾害造成的残垣断壁中快速、准确地寻找被困人员。因此,在研制光学探生仪时,必须充分考虑灾害救助现场的恶劣工作条件和对仪器的特殊要求。本文首先简要介绍了光学探生仪研究的有关情况,然后对光学探生仪主要部件的设计、选型和实验进行了详细研究,探讨研制先进、实用的光学探生仪的途径。这对我国探生仪研制工作具有借鉴意义。     

The role of antecedent groundwater heads in controlling transient aquifer storage and flood peak attenuation in karst watersheds

Transient storage of floodwaters in aquifers is known to attenuate peak flows in rivers and drive subsurface dissolution. Transient aquifer storage could be enhanced in watersheds overlying karst aquifers where caves facilitate surface and groundwater exchange. Few studies, however, have examined controls on, or magnitudes of, transient aquifer storage or flood peak attenuation in karstic watersheds. Here we evaluate flood peak attenuation with multiple linear regression analyses of 10 years of river and groundwater data from the Suwannee River, which flows over the karstic upper Floridan aquifer in north-central Florida and experiences frequent flooding. Regressions show antecedent river stage exerts the dominant control on magnitudes of transient aquifer storage, with recharge and time to peak having secondary controls. Specifically, low antecedent stages result in larger magnitudes of transient aquifer storage and thus greater flood attenuation than conditions of elevated antecedent stage. These findings suggest subsurface weathering, including cave formation and enlargement, caused by transient aquifer storage could occur on a more frequent basis in aquifers where groundwater table elevation is lowered due to anthropogenic or climatic influences. Our work also shows that measures of groundwater table elevation prior to an event could be used to improve predictive flood models. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MODIS数据在广西生态环境监测及评价中的应用方法

利用MODIS数据广西遥感影像,用监督分类法做出了地物覆盖分类图,用主成分分析法做出了土壤侵蚀强度图和生态环境质量综合评价指数图。     

动力排水固结法加固浦东机场促淤地基试验研究

基于浦东国际机场快件处理中心促淤场地的加固处理实践,介绍采用动力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软粘土地基的工艺对吹填粉细砂上试夯区的试验研究,结果表明采取低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,并辅以竖向塑料排水板的方法来加固处理饱和促淤软粘土是可行的,促淤地基的力学性能和变形性能显著提高,并实现了用吹填粉细砂代替中粗砂作为强夯垫层,大大降低了工程成本。通过对大面积强夯施工处理效果的检测表明,动力排水固结法加固处理促淤地基效果明显。     

城市节水工作存在的问题及对策研究

水资源匮乏已成为当今社会发展不可回避的主要问题，成为制约国民经济快速、稳定、健康发展的“瓶颈”，解决这一问题成为当务之急，本文就城市节水存在的问题，提出了加强节水管理的综合性措施。     

NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the non-Soviet Arctic in March and April 1986, to study the aerosol, gaseous, chemical, and optical properties of Arctic haze. One component of the program was supported with an instrumented NOAA WP-3D atmospheric research aircraft. Measurements of wind, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nucleus concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient were used to determine the locations and properties of haze layers. The first three NOAA WP-3D research flights were conducted north of Barrow, Alaska, and over the Beaufort Sea northeast of Barter Island, Alaska. The next three sampled conditions in the high Arctic near Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada. All basic meteorological, gas, and aerosol systems are described. The WP-3D flight tracks and operations are presented.     

Determination of trace and rare-earth elements in Chinese soil and clay reference materials by ICP-MS

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) has become a powerful tool for providing reliable analytical results in many laboratories around the word. In this study, the mixture of HF and HNO3 acids in high-temperature and high-pressure closed-vessel digestion technique were used to decompose some Chinese reference materials, and thirty seven elements were determined by ICP-MS. Most of the results for Chinese soil reference materials were found to be in reasonable agreement with the reference values, except Cs, Ta, Li, Ge, Zn, Nd, Tb and Ta whose values need to be revised. Their precisions were typically lower than 5% RSD. However, the Precisions of Chinese clay reference materials, especially for GBW03102 and GBW03102a, were significantly different with reference values, probably reflecting the existence of a coarser-grained fraction(70 μm) in samples, and the formation of fluorides in Al-rich samples during sample decomposition by using the mixture of HF and HNO3 acids. Moreover, thirty-seven trace elements covering the mass range from Li to U in four Chinese clay reference materials were firstly provided with good precision and accuracy in this study.