海洋酸化对马氏珠母贝受精及早期发育的影响

自2010年7月1日至3日,在pH值为8.1、7.7和7.4条件下研究了海洋酸化对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii Dunker)受精及早期发育的影响。结果显示,海洋酸化对不同pH值下马氏珠母贝的受精率无显著影响。pH8.1、pH 7.7和pH 7.4试验组幼虫的壳长、壳高的值逐渐增大,pH 8.1组幼虫的壳长、壳高的值大于同期其他两组的值,且在实验的第24、36、48小时与其他两组同期幼虫的壳长、壳高的值差异显著,这表明海洋酸化显著影响马氏珠母贝幼虫的生长。实验期间,pH 8.1试验组幼虫的存活率和畸形率没有显著变化,而pH 7.7和pH 7.4组幼虫的存活率显著低于pH 8.1组。pH 7.4组幼虫的畸形率显著高于同期pH 8.1和pH 7.7组幼虫的畸形率,表明在海洋酸化的环境中幼虫的发育受到影响。本文将为海洋酸化的相关研究提供基础数据。     

基于Matlab的TEQC在GPS数据预处理中的应用

利用Matlab二次开发编制teqcplot程序模块,实现质量检查结果的图形显示和可视化查询,将GPS观测数据中存在的电离层延迟和多路径效应的影响定量地表示出来,提高了数据处理的工作效率。并用实测数据进行验算,根据检查结果对GPS观测数据进行相应的处理,通过对比分析结果表明,经TEQC预处理后的观测数据,有效地提高了GPS基线解算的质量。     

11年《海洋测绘》论文综述

针对2011年《海洋测绘》刊载的论文情况,从海洋测绘学科发展角度,通过对各专业论文发表情况的统计分析,对海洋大地测量、水深测量、潮汐观测与水位控制、海洋遥感应用、海图制图、卫星定位与导航等专业的发展现状,进行了归纳总结和简要评述。旨在为广大测绘工作者提供参考。     

Reproductive biology of Diopatra neapolitana (Annelida,Onuphidae), an exploited natural resource in Ria de Aveiro (Northwestern Portugal)

Diopatra neapolitana Delle Chiaje, 1841 (Annelida, Onuphidae) is an important economic natural resource in Ria de Aveiro (northwestern coast of Portugal) and throughout Europe. The species is intensively harvested for use as fresh bait. However, there is only limited knowledge about its life cycle derived from a previous study in Mediterranean Sea. Reproduction and development patterns are known to vary biogeographically, making it important to base management decisions on locally appropriate information. This work examines reproduction patterns for populations from the Eastern Atlantic, which have not previously been assessed, with an eye towards drawing Atlantic–Mediterranean comparisons and informing local management strategies. The study was conducted from May 2007 to April 2009 in Ria de Aveiro. The reproductive biology of D. neapolitana was described from the proportional variation of worms with gametes in the coelom and from the progression of the oocyte diameter. Individuals with gametes inside the coelom were found all year round, but the peak reproductive period occurred between May and August, when almost all individuals had gametes in the coelom and females contained more oocytes than at any other time of the year. The overall male:female ratio was close to 1:1 and the oocyte diameter ranged from 40 to 240 μm. In vitro fertilization was performed and the results compared to other studies. Based on the present results, some protection measures are suggested to implement a sustainable exploitation of the species.     

紫刺参早期生长发育与体色形成的研究

本研究对紫刺参胚胎和幼体发育过程进行了显微观测,比较分析了其幼体早期生长情况与体色形成过程。结果表明:(1)在水温21.0±0.2℃条件下,紫刺参受精卵在受精10～15min后释放第一极体,5h 30min～6h 30min进入囊胚期, 18～20h发育成原肠胚; 30～34h进入耳状幼体阶段, 8～10d变态发育为樽形幼体, 12～14d发育成稚参;紫刺参胚胎和幼体发育时序与普通刺参无显著差异。(2)紫刺参早期发育中的樽形幼体发生率和附着变态率分别为58.4±4.7%和45.1±2.7%,高于普通刺参。(3)紫刺参浮游阶段后期随日龄增长表现出较普通刺参发育更快的优势,在日龄6～7d表现出显著差异(P0.05)。(4)紫刺参稚参在日龄35d前后自背部开始着色,50d～60d腹部开始着色,110d体表紫色转变近乎成参体色,完成变色过程。     

1988—2015年马六甲海峡岸线时空变化特征分析

基于Landsat遥感影像,建立1988年、2000年和2015年3个时期马六甲海峡两侧的岸线数据,并从岸线结构、岸线变化速率、海陆格局和岸线开发利用强度等方面分析1988—2000年、2000—2015年和1988—2015年不同时段区域陆体以及槟城港等12个主要港口区域的岸线时空变化特征。结果如下:岸线结构变化显著,人工岸线长度和比例急剧增加,港口区域逐渐从单一类型主导向多元结构转变;除个别港口外,两侧岸线均呈向海扩张状态,南北两岸的岸线平均变化速率分别为0.91m/a和1.20m/a;因海峡南岸沼泽广布、地势低平及海平面上升等原因,其岸线稳定性差于海峡北岸;岸线开发利用强度持续增强,并表现出明显的海峡北岸强于南岸的空间差异,以及北岸第一阶段增长快于第二阶段,南岸第一阶段增长慢于第二阶段的时间差异。马六甲海峡的交通运输功能是两岸岸线变化的主要驱动因素。本研究对认识马六甲海峡两岸及港口区域岸线的时空变化和发展特征有重要意义,对海峡及港口岸线的综合管理具有一定借鉴作用。     

Development strategies for the sea cucumber industry in China

The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is an important marine aquaculture species in China. After nearly thirty years of development, the production of A. japonicus has become commercially lucrative and successful. In this report, current advances in sea cucumber industry are addressed in terms of the basic biology, culturing methods, and health care bene?ts. Next, the challenges restricting development of the sea cucumber industry are discussed, including weaknesses in the basic biological research, the problem of germplasm degradation, environmental stress caused by global climate change, and food safety problems. Finally, several strategies are presented that might contribute to sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry. These strategies include advances in genome studies, behavioral studies, selective breeding, ecological culture technologies, reforms in food safety management, and the development of health care functions based on contemporary medical practices. Thus, our work provides new insights into how to explore the sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry in the future.     

Dynamic metabolite alterations of Portunus trituberculatus during larval development

A mass mortality often occurs from molting to the megalopa stage during the larval development of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Larvae with insuffcient nutrient accumulation during the zoeal stages are probably unable to develop into juvenile swimming crabs. However, the nutritional information such as the primary metabolites is scarce for P. trituberculatus larvae. The aim of this work is to obtain an insight into the metabolite traits of P. trituberculatus at early developmental stages. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis was used to determine how the metabolite pro?les shift during larval development in P. trituberculatus. Our results show that the trend of total metabolites exhibited a rise from zoea 1 to zoea 3, followed by a drop from zoea 4 to megalopa and recovery during the ?rst juvenile stage. A large-scale depletion of total metabolites in the zoea 4 and megalopa stages suggests a deep depression of metabolic activity, which may be linked to the mass mortality from molting to the megalopa stage. These ?ndings provided essential metabolic information about the larval development of P. trituberculatus and important clues for understanding the nutritional requirements of P. trituberculatus in early developmental stages.     

一次西南印度洋热带气旋过程发展机制的数值研究

本文利用尽可能多的观测资料和WRF-3.4.1模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)对2012年1月19日至28日发生在西南印度洋上空的1次强热带气旋进行了研究,并分析其时空结构和发展机制。对该热带气旋的移动路径、强度及内部结构的数值模拟结果与实际符合较好。分析表明,感热和凝结潜热贯串于热带气旋发展的整个过程,其中感热对气旋发展的影响较弱,凝结潜热是气旋发展的主要能量来源,CISK机制可解释该热带气旋的发展过程。