黄土高原小流域特性指标与产沙统计模式

本文从黄土高原实际情况出发，在广泛的野外考察基础上，收集了面积在0．193--329km2的58个小流域(包括21个变量)的系列数据。通过分析筛选，建立了流域地表综台特性指标：     

地壳应变场观测中体应变与面应变转换系数的计算

将钻孔体应变仪与分量式应变仪的观测资料在面应变平台上进行整合,对于解决目前两种应变仪观测数据的评估、分析、处理和地震预报问题有实际意义．根据潘立宙-陈沅俊和Evertson理论及弹性力学知识,分别建立了平面应力作用下体应变和面应变观测的力学模型,推导了观测钻孔、空孔和无孔岩石体应变与面应变转换系数的计算公式,发现它们都可以归结为同一公式描述,差异仅在于k（体应变仪钢筒内壁或无孔岩石面应变与空孔岩石面应变之比）的取值不同．用Evertson理论推导的公式与空孔岩石情形相近,当岩石弹性模量为4times;1010——8times;1010 Pa时,二者都可以看成是对潘-陈公式的一种简化、近似计算;无孔岩石的情况则相当于在岩石弹性模量为1times;1010 Pa时对该式的一种估计. 文中结合实际情况对转换系数的各种影响因素进行了详细分析．      

Particle simulation of thermally-induced rock damage with consideration of temperature-dependent elastic modulus and strength

Based on the particle simulation method, a thermo-mechanical coupling particle model is proposed for simulating thermally-induced rock damage. In this model, rock material is simulated as an assembly of particles, which are connected to each other through their bonds, in the case of simulating mechanical deformation, but connected to each other through thermal pipes in the case of simulating heat conduction. The main advantages of using this model are that: (1) microscopic parameters of this model can be directly determined from the related macroscopic ones; (2) the temperature-dependent elastic modulus and strength are considered in an explicit manner, so that thermally-induced rock damage can be realistically simulated in a thermo-mechanical coupling problem. The related simulation results from an application example have demonstrated that: (1) the proposed model can produce similar behaviors to those observed in experiments; (2) the final failure is initiated from the outer surface of the testing sample and propagates toward the borehole; (3) microscopic crack initiation and propagation processes can be reasonably simulated at the cooling stage.     

含硫酸钠盐冻结粉砂强度与变形指标的试验研究

对硫酸钠盐含量为0.5%的冻结粉砂在-2℃的温度下和0.3～17 MPa围压范围内进行了三轴压缩试验.试验结果表明,含硫酸钠冻结粉砂强度随围压的增大呈先增大后降低的规律,强度的增大阶段可分为两个阶段,第一阶段为0.3～4 MPa,增大速率为1.775;第二阶段为4～8 MPa,增大速率为0.753,围压8 MPa时强度最大,其值为13.10 MPa,与0.3 MPa围压处的最小强度值3.52 MPa相差9.58 MPa;在8～17 MPa的围压范围内,强度整体呈现下降趋势,强度在13.10～12.19 MPa波动.为在冻土工程计算中选取合理的变形指标,对比分析了初始切线模量E₀与0.5倍强度处割线模量E_0.5、初始切线泊松比μ₀和0.5倍强度处割线泊松比μ_0.5随围压的变化规律.分析结果表明,两种方式确定的弹性模量和泊松比的变化规律均可按围压分为0.3～4 MPa、4～10 MPa和10～17 MPa三个阶段,弹性模量E₀与E_0.5在第一阶段和第二阶段均随围压的增大而增大,但第二阶段的增加速率比第一阶段低,在第三阶段E₀随围压的增加呈现明显的减低趋势,从最大值1 022.39 MPa降低到490.27 MPa,而E_0.5在在该阶段受围压影响不大;泊松比μ₀与μ_0.5在第一阶段与第二阶段均随围压的增大而减小,但第二阶段的降低速率比第一阶段小,在第三阶段μ₀与μ_0.5随围压的增大而增大.对变形指标随围压的变化规律分析表明,冻土初始变形行为对围压敏感,数据离散性大,在工程计算中选取0.5倍强度处对应的割线变形指标在数据上更为稳定、可靠.     

Effect of overconsolidation ratio on dynamic properties of binary mixtures of silica particles

Overconsolidated soils are ubiquitous in nature due to multiple mechanisms; however, the stress-history-based studies of small strain stiffness on binary mixtures, such as silty sand, are limited even though natural sand deposits are commonly mixtures of sand particles with varying amounts of fines. Consequently, this study quantified the stress-history-based dynamic properties of binary mixtures, such as sand-sand mixtures with different size small particles, and silty sand mixtures with small amounts of non-plastic fines, up to the critical fines content. By performing bender element tests on those mixtures according to fines content, size ratio, and overconsolidation ratio, the stress-history-based G_max of binary mixtures was evaluated. For the relevant data analysis, the OCR (overconsolidation ratio) exponent in the G_max formulation was expressed in terms of stress exponents during loading and unloading. It was found that the effect of OCR on the estimation of G_max increased with a decrease in size ratio (or increase in size difference), since the stress exponents during loading increased more significantly with a decrease in size ratio due to the pronounced change in interparticle coordination between large grains. However, the variation of stress exponents during unloading of different mixtures was relatively small due to the prevalent elastic deformation. It was demonstrated that the maximum stress history effect of tested mixed soils was observed at a fines content of approximately 5%, which was smaller than critical fines content of silty sand. This behavior was attributable to the delay in critical fines content observed during unloading, when compared to that observed during loading.     

CFG桩复合地基试验研究

CFG桩复合地基广泛应用于土木工程各个领域,但就CFG桩复合地基的工作性态及桩-土共同作用机制尚不十分清楚,需要进一步研究。通过对CFG桩复合地基在川北某高层建筑中现场测试项目的资料分析,得出了CFG桩的桩-土应力分担的变化规律,对褥垫层上下的应力状态有了更为清晰的了解。测试荷载是实际的结构荷载,测试环境是实际的基础环境,测试结果更具实用性。测试结果显示,随着外加荷载的增加,桩-土应力比比例增加。当施工荷载为210 kPa时,桩-土应力比可达16。随着施工荷载的增加,桩体所分担的荷载增加较快,桩间土体分担荷载增加较慢。     

CFG桩复合地基压缩模量计算方法探讨

CFG桩法在高层及多层建筑的地基处理中已有许多成功实例,在变形计算中,《建筑地基处理技术规范》（JGJ 79-2002）推荐使用复合模量法,并提供了计算复合土层压缩模量的应力比法公式。这里通过复合地基载荷试验资料,提出一种改进的面积比法公式。应用该法计算的复合地基沉降值,与建筑物的沉降观测值有较好的吻合度。     

变角软化桁架理论在带暗支撑剪力墙中的应用

在钢筋混凝土变角软化桁架模型的基础上，提出了适于分析带暗支撑剪力墙的软化桁架模型。用该模型对已完成试验研究的剪力墙进行了计算分析，结果表明，该模型可适用于带暗支撑剪力墙的极限承载力分析，同时也为其受力全过程分析提供了有效途径。     

重力数据处理中几种断裂构造识别方法的组合应用

为了提高使用重力数据推断断裂构造的有效性,先以"田"字形小子域滤波法突出重力梯级带异常,再分别联合水平总梯度模、解析信号振幅及水平方向导数进行二次处理.通过理论模型试验,比较单方法及不同组合方法的处理效果,并将组合方法应用到金羊盆地实测重力数据的处理中,推断研究区的断裂构造格架.与地震剖面划分的断裂进行比对,证明了利用组合方法划分断裂构造的有效性.研究结果表明,已有断裂构造识别方法的组合应用能够更清晰地刻画地质体的边界,在应用重力数据推断断裂构造方面具有非常好的实用性.     

饱水度对砂岩模量及强度影响的三轴试验

为研究饱水度和围压对砂岩力学特性的影响,在不同围压和饱水度下开展三轴试验,获得了不同饱水度和围压下巴里坤砂岩的模量、峰值强度和残余强度,分析了饱水度和围压对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响规律,结果表明：（1）围压增加,砂岩的模量也增加,围压与模量之间近似为直线关系;饱水度增加,砂岩模量降低,单轴下饱和砂岩的模量降低50.9%;饱水度与砂岩模量之间近似服从直线或负指数函数关系。（2）饱水度增加,峰值强度下降;单轴条件下饱和砂岩的峰值强度下降了44.2%;饱水度与砂岩峰值强度之间近似服从自然对数关系。（3）强度退化指数可以较好地描述围压对残余强度的影响,巴里坤砂岩的强度退化指数与围压之间近似符合负指数关系;随着饱水度增加,砂岩的残余强度降低。（4）随着围压增加,饱水度对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响都减弱。（5）饱水度在60%以下时,饱水度变化对模量和峰值强度的影响显著,当饱水度超过60%后,模量和峰值强度仍随着饱水度增加而降低,但变化速率趋缓;对于残余强度,则饱水度在80%以下时影响显著。