Non-uniform granular pile–mat foundations: analysis and model tests

Granular piles are commonly used to improve bearing capacity and reduce settlements of soft soil in coastal and lowland areas. Due to various reasons, granular piles tend to acquire a non-uniform tapered-down cross-section in actual construction process. In this paper, a simple theoretical approach to predict deformation behaviour of soft ground reinforced with non-uniform granular pile–mat system is presented. A small-scale experimental set-up is fabricated in the laboratory and tests performed. Results predicted by the proposed approach compare well with the laboratory tests, and the field tests and other numerical test results available in literature. A parametric study has been carried out to evaluate the relative influence of granular mat thickness and relative stiffness on various responses of non-uniform granular piles.     

静压注浆在加固软土地基中的应用

厂房的不均匀沉降是一种常见的工程事故，对于对沉降有特别要求的厂房，则必须加以处理。介绍了静压注浆法处理地基不均匀沉降的问题。实践证明，处理后的地基得到有效的加固。此工艺既简便、速度快，又经济。     

小波阈值去噪黄金分割法

在小波去噪的方法中,应用最广泛的是Donoho阈值法,但由于其阈值的单一性,使它不能在每级尺度上将信号与噪声做最大分离,去噪效果并不理想。通过分析Donoho硬阈值和软阈值方法的特点,提出了一种黄金分割法,这种方法结合了硬阈值和软阈值方法各自的优点。仿真去噪结果表明,这种改进的小波阈值方法能够得到更好的去噪效果,信号的信噪比得到了进一步提高。     

珠江三角洲软土地基变形的混沌特性研究

混沌是非线性系统较普遍存在的一种现象，本文以混沌理论为基础，对珠江三角洲软土地基的变形特性进行了研究。从软土的工程特性和微观结构出发，分析了软土地基变形混沌性的根本原因，并对软土变形混沌性进行了定性判别和基于Lyapunov指数的定量判别。研究结果表明，珠江三角洲地区的天然地基及处理后的复合地基的最大Lyapunov指数 均大于0，软土地基的变形具有明显的混沌性。混沌理论为软基变形研究提供了一种新的途径，在工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

软土地区地铁、隧道工程勘察

地铁、隧道工程勘察有别于工业和民用建筑。在呈线状分布的地铁、隧道工程中,岩土层是构筑物存在的环境,软土地区地铁、隧道更存在特殊的岩土工程问题,包括在勘察方案策划、地层单元体划分和评价、水文地质(环境)勘探和评价等。文章就上海软土地基地铁、隧道工程勘察展开探讨。     

Inelastic displacement ratios for evaluation of structures built on soft soil sites

This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive statistical study aimed at evaluating peak lateral inelastic displacement demands of structures with known lateral strength and stiffness built on soft soil site conditions. For that purpose, empirical information on inelastic displacement ratios which are defined as the ratio of peak lateral inelastic displacement demands to peak elastic displacement demands are investigated. Inelastic displacement ratios were computed from the response of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems having 6 levels of relative lateral strength when subjected to 118 earthquake ground motions recorded on bay‐mud sites of the San Francisco Bay Area and on soft soil sites located in the former lake‐bed zone of Mexico City. Mean inelastic displacement ratios and their corresponding scatter are presented for both ground motion ensembles. The influence of period of vibration normalized by the predominant period of the ground motion, the level of lateral strength, earthquake magnitude, and distance to the source are evaluated and discussed. In addition, the effects of post‐yield stiffness and of stiffness and strength degradation on inelastic displacement ratios are also investigated. It is concluded that magnitude and distance to the source have negligible effects on constant‐strength inelastic displacement ratios. Results also indicate that weak and stiffness‐degrading structures in the short spectral region could experience inelastic displacement demands larger than those corresponding to non‐degrading structures. Finally, a simplified equation obtained using regression analyses aimed at estimating mean inelastic displacement ratios is proposed for assisting structural engineers in performance‐based assessment of structures built on soft soil sites. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RC pile–soil interaction analysis using a 3D‐finite element method with fibre theory‐based beam elements

To evaluate the overall response of a structural system including its foundation and surrounding soil, an equivalent finite element model with reduced degrees of freedom using fibre theory‐based beam element was proposed. The proposed model was based on investigations of the subgrade soil reaction of a single‐layer model, and was verified for the cyclic behaviour of a laterally loaded single RC pile in terms of the load–displacement relationship, pile deformation, and soil pressures on the pile surface. Also investigated was the effect of the interfacial element between pile and soil on the behaviour of the laterally loaded pile. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on the rupture characteristics of the overlaying soil with soft interlayer due to fault bedrock dislocation

Introduction A sudden rupture of fault in the crust induces intensive earthquake, and brings about the overlaying soil moving and cracking, and the Earth′s surface deforming and rupturing as well. When it crosses the foundations of buildings and the underground structures, the rupture close to the Earth′s surface or surface fault would lead to direct destruction to these structures. The study on this problem has been paid more attention in recent years. From Kobe Earthquake, Izimit Earthq…     

加筋路堤竖向沉降的非线性有限元分析

采用非线性有限元方法,对土工织物能否减少软弱路基的竖向沉降量进行了探讨。对比计算表明:当路堤宽度较小时,土工织物的加筋作用使路堤体内的竖向位移速度场减小,从而可使竖向沉降量减少12%~16%,并可使路堤的稳定性提高达20%;当构筑物宽度较大时,土工织物对构筑物体内竖向沉降量的影响不大,即土工织物的加筋作用存在尺寸效应。因此,工程实际中应根据具体情况判断是否选用土工织物来改善构筑物的竖向沉降。分析表明:传统的极限平衡法来考察土工织物加固软土工程的稳定性时,由于存在诸多假定而导致该方法不能很好的反映土工织物与土之间的变形协调关系。故应发展非线性有限元方法来模拟土工织物与土之间的相互作用关系。     

复杂地质条件下隧道填充性岩溶三维有限元分析

采用三维弹塑性有限元法,对某隧道DK278+628—+698段填充性岩溶软基加固后的效果进行了分析。分析过程中,采用Drucker-Prager模型及刚-柔接触模型,模拟了加固前后隧道填充性岩溶的应力、位移及应变情况,根据分析结果,对工程起到了很好的指导作用。