Behavior of a shallow plate anchor in clay under sustained loading

Laboratory model test results for the uplift of a shallow circular plate anchor embedded in a soft saturated clay are presented. For all tests the bottom of the anchor plate was vented to eliminate the mud suction force. The tests were divided into two categories: (1) short‐term tests to determine the variation of the net ultimate uplift capacity and hence the breakout factor with embedment ratio, and (2) creep tests with sustained uplift loads at varying embedment ratios. Based on the model test results, the variation with time, has been determined for the rate of strain of the soil located above the plate anchor. Empirical relationships for obtaining the rate of anchor uplift have been proposed.     

Evaluation of the Strength Increase of Marine Clay under Staged Embankment Loading: A Case Study

This article presents a case history of the performance of a full-scale test embankment constructed on a marine soft clay deposit improved by prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in the east of China. For analyzing the subsoil behavior, a 2D FEM model is established, in which the PVD-improved effect is considered by a simplified method of equivalent vertical hydraulic conductivity. The calculated results can predict the settlement behavior well; however, the FEM gives an underestimate for the value of excess pore pressures and it predicts similar values for the dissipation rate of excess pore pressures. The measured undrained shear strength of subsoil, C_u, is compared with the predicted value based on Ladd’s empirical equation and the Modified Cam-Clay model (MCC). The shear strength predicted by Ladd’s equation agrees well with the measured value, whereas the MCC overestimates the ability to improve subsoil shear strength during consolidation. The undrained shear strength of subsoil, C_u, increased as the construction progressed, and the shear strength incremental ratio, ΔC_u/Δp′, decreased slightly with the degree of consolidation, U.     

Rheological characteristics and one-dimensional isotache modelling of marine soft clays

Abstract

This paper presents a novel elasto-viscoplastic constitutive formulation based on the isotache concepts and the Nishihara model. Incorporating a novel viscoelastic body to include the delay elastic deformation of marine soft clays under the external load, the proposed model is used to evaluate the theories of consolidation-creep coupling, strain rate dependency and stress relaxation of saturated marine soft clays, and hence, the methodology used to determine the parameters of the model is discussed. Ningbo marine soft clay is selected as an example to interpret the determination of the model parameters on a field scale. A series of conventional oedometer tests are conducted as well. Eventually, we utilize the model to simulate several kinds of rheological tests, including one-dimensional (1-D) long-term compression tests on Ningbo marine soft clays, 1-D constant rate of strain (CRS) tests on Batiscan clays and 1-D stress relaxation tests on Hong Kong marine deposits. These findings indicate good agreement between the computational and experimental results, suggesting the given model can provide reliable forecasts for the rheological characteristics of marine soft clays.     

渤海海域辽东湾坳陷正断层联接及其转换带特征

渤海辽东湾坳陷发育的大量正断层通过硬联接和软联接的形式发生了相互作用,并形成了丰富的转换带。根据正断层的倾向及其组合特征,将正断层软联接类型分为同向、对向和背向叠覆型三类,其形成的转换带类型相应分为转换斜坡、斜向背斜和地垒。发育在正断层叠置段内的转换带传递了正断层之间的伸展应变量,使其在三维空间里保持应变守恒。辽东湾坳陷转换带的形成演化主要经历了孤立正断层、转换带形成、转换带复杂化和转换带破裂等四个阶段。     

某高速公路朱雀洞段红层滑坡成因机制分析与整治对策

湖南省西部地区高速公路路线红层滑坡灾害普遍存在。根据湘西某高速公路朱雀洞段滑坡的工程地质特性、形态、结构特征及变形破坏特征,分析了滑坡的形成机制,指出其属滑移—拉裂型滑坡。在经受自重应力、降雨以及地下水等内外作用因素,斜坡岩体沿软弱结构面发生滑移变形,随着剪裂面上的拉应力集中而产生拉裂缝,一旦破坏面贯通,则导致滑坡破坏。通过参数反演,对滑坡的稳定性进行了定量评价。从评价结果可见,在天然情况下,滑坡处于稳定状态。而在暴雨情况下,其稳定性迅速降低,基本处于不稳状态。在分析成因机制的基础上为滑坡的整治对策提供了重要的依据。     

病害路基地基加固处理工程实例

针对胶济客运专线某段路基沉降加大的状况,提出以潜孔钻机开孔、以高压旋喷注浆加固地基的方案。在施工过程中,对高压旋喷注浆的工序进行合理打破常规的优化,既保证了既有铁路的运营安全,也保证了处理线路的质量,有效解决了本工程的难题。优化后的方案经过实践的检验,有进一步研究分析和推广的价值。     

利用1stOpt软件优化设计重力式挡土墙断面

为解决挡土墙设计指标计算较为繁琐,并且难以得出最佳结果的问题,以重力式档土墙的截面面积最小为目标函数,并以满足稳定性及地基承载力验算要求为约束条件,得到非线性优化数学模型,并利用优秀国产数学软件1stopt优化求解。该方法避免了繁琐的试算过程,能得到经济合理的截面尺寸,并已成功应用在忠-武输气管线沿途水工保护工程中。     

某大型软土深基坑围护中多种支护技术的优化组合

根据基坑的地质条件、环境条件、基坑开挖深度等特点综合考虑,通过方案的对比、论证,采用了“深坑”化两道“浅坑”的设计思路,上坑采用复合土钉支护,下坑采用钻孔灌注桩加一道环形钢筋混凝土水平内支撑支护。该基坑工程所采用的多种支护技术的优化组合方案,安全可靠,经济合理,可为本地区同类超10．0m深基坑工程设计提供借鉴。     

新型双管取心钻具及其在软土地层中的应用

宁波河姆渡—田螺山遗址科学钻探要求采取无扰动原状土样,由于宁波地区特殊的地层岩性,采用传统的厚壁取土器及薄壁取土器均难以达到试验要求。为此,研发了新型双管取心钻具,同时改进泥浆工艺。应用证明提高了岩心采取率,大幅减少对原状土扰动,取得高质量岩土样;新型双管取心钻具,采用PVC内管和单向阀、大出水口钻头和高出刃切削片,具有高效、高性价比和操作性强等优点。     

隧道开挖条件下地埋管线的非线性响应分析

隧道开挖引起的地层不均匀沉降造成附近的地埋管线产生额外的变形,甚至破坏。被动管线与土体的相互作用的研究表明,不考虑土体的刚度衰减,较大的土体弹性模量使得管线的最大弯矩计算结果过大,偏于保守,造成不必要的浪费。在被动管线Winkler地基模型分析基础上,引入土体刚度衰减模型考虑土体非线性特性,提出了隧道开挖作用下管线响应的等效线性分析方法。基于自由土体位移场计算管周土体由于隧道开挖引起的附加应变,基于水平受荷桩的环状弹性介质模型考虑由于管土相互作用引起的管周土体应变,从而对被动Winkler地基模型的土体弹性参数进行修正,计算得到管线的最大弯矩。通过与现有的弹性理论方法、离心模型试验结果的对比,验证了针对隧道开挖引起的被动管土相互作用问题,该方法考虑土体非线性特性的合理性。