A constitutive model for granular materials with grain crushing and its application to a pyroclastic soil

A constitutive model for granular materials is developed within the framework of strain–hardening elastoplasticity, aiming at describing some of the macroscopic effects of the degradation processes associated with grain crushing. The central assumption of the paper is that, upon loading, the frictional properties of the material are modified as a consequence of the changes in grain size distribution. The effects of these irreversible microscopic processes are described macroscopically as accumulated plastic strain. Plastic strain drives the evolution of internal variables which model phenomenologically the changes of mechanical properties induced by grain crushing by controlling the geometry of the yield locus and the direction of plastic flow. An application of the model to Pozzolana Nera is presented. The stress–dilatancy relationship observed for this material is used as a guidance for the formulation of hardening laws. One of the salient features of the proposed model is its capability of reproducing the stress–dilatancy behaviour observed in Pozzolana Nera, for which the minimum value of dilatancy always follows the maximum stress ratio experienced by the material. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural features and mechanical behaviour of a pyroclastic weak rock

The results of an extensive programme of laboratory testing on intact and reconstituted samples of a pyroclastic weak rock from the volcanic complex of the Colli Albani (Central Italy) are presented. The deposit is known as Pozzolana Nera and may be assimilated to a bonded coarse grained material. The nature of bonds and the micro‐structural features were examined by means of diffractometry, optical and electron microscopy. As bonds are made of the same constituents of grains and aggregates of grains, bond deterioration and particles breakage upon loading are indistinguishable features of the mechanical behaviour. The testing programme consisted mainly of one‐dimensional and drained and undrained triaxial compression tests in a wide range of confining pressures up to 58 MPa. As confining stress increases, the mechanical behaviour of the material changes from brittle and dilatant to ductile and contractant; for both brittle and ductile behaviour failure is associated with the formation of shear surfaces separating the sample in several parts at the end of test. The experimental stress–dilatancy relationships are compared with the classical stress–dilatancy theories for a purely frictional material and for a material with friction and cohesion between particles. The analysis of the data indicates that peak strength results from the interplay between degradation of inter‐particle bonds, increasing friction between particles and increasing rate of dilation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Son, Ltd.     

双桥静力触探成果估算单桩承载力在天津工程中的应用

结合天津杰诺康园艺休闲用品有限公司年产5,000吨有色金属制品勘察项目,介绍运用静力触探成果估算天津软土地区单桩承载力在该工程中的应用。通过对比表明该方法的技术经济特点及可行性。     

便携式声波钻机在河道堤防勘探中应用分析研究

便携式声波钻机具有取样连续完整、轻便、场地适应能力强、用工少、节能高效等特点,在河道堤防勘探中具有独特优势。     

原状软粘土各向异性及其对工程影响研究

利用空心圆柱扭剪仪(HCA),通过设置不同的应力路径对杭州原状软粘土进行了系列试验,研究了原状软粘土的应力-应变-强度各向异性。通过试验研究发现原状软粘土的强度、变形模量等特性都存在强烈的各向异性,且在应力水平较低时(q=5 kPa),主应力轴旋转条件下土体应力应变的特性主要体现了原生各向异性的影响,应力引起的次生各向异性对其影响很小。结合路堤填筑问题的分析发现,存在主应力轴显著旋转的实际工程问题,由于原状软粘土应力-应变-强度各向异性的存在,采用常规的不考虑主应力轴旋转(土体各向异性)影响的设计方法可能偏于不安全。     

二等水准在汕汾高速公路软基路段工后沉降监测的应用

二等水准在汕汾高速公路软基路段工后沉降监测的应用,详细描述观测方法并进行了观测数据的分析和建议。     

Numerical analysis of an embankment on soft soils considering large displacements

The behaviour of an embankment built on a Portuguese soft soil is analysed considering the material and geometric non-linearity associated with a coupled soil–water formulation. The numerical predictions are compared with the field data in terms of settlements, horizontal displacements and excess pore water pressures. The repercussions of including the large displacements formulation are also studied. It is found that the analysis considering large displacements results in a decrease in settlements and an increase in the rate of excess pore pressure dissipation, both of which are related to the reduction of the thickness of a deformable layer.     

Review of mehods of analysis for the use of vacuum preloading and vertical drains for soft clay improvement

The use of vertical drains with vacuum preloading for soft soil improvement has become a booming interest in recent years. In this paper, theoretical and practical developments of the utilization of vertical drain with vacuum preloading are currently reviewed. Geotechnical aspects of factors affecting the performance of vacuum consolidation and conversion procedure for multi-drain analysis are discussed based on the current state of the art. The salient aspects of selected case histories on soft clays and land reclamations are elucidated.     

Effects of base geogrid on geocell-reinforced foundation beds

The effect of a base geogrid layer below the geocell mattress in sand, sand overlying soft clay, and soft clay foundation beds has been studied using a series of laboratory scale load tests. A rigid circular model footing was used to apply static monotonic loading on the foundation beds with and without geocell reinforcement. The model test results show that the provision of an additional layer of planar geogrid at the base of the geocell mattress further increases the performance of the footing in terms of bearing capacity and reduction in surface heave of the foundation bed. It is also observed that the beneficial effect of the base geogrid layer becomes negligible with increasing height of the geocell mattress beyond the influence of the depth of the footing. Strain measurements in the base geogrid layer indicate that it is more effective with the limited heights of the geocell mattress. The earth pressure cells embedded in the subgrade soil provide evidence that when the base geogrid is provided below the geocell mattress, the footing pressure is distributed more uniformly over an extended area.