软土地基偏斜管桩检测及纠偏处理实例

软土地基的PHC管桩若施工不当,较易出现偏斜和断裂的现象。本文通过工程案例分析了事故原因,介绍了偏斜管桩的检测方法和顶推纠偏法的施工方法和结果。处理后的桩基经检测承载力和结构完整性满足设计要求,证明了该施工方法的有效性,为类似工程提供了参考价值。     

土壤中Cd离子地球化学行为模拟实验 ——以山西的典型土壤为例

土壤样品分别采于山西省大同、太原和临汾3个地区。实验分成吸附解吸、竞争吸附和运移实验3个部分。其中吸附实验又分成砂粒土壤和粘粒土壤2个粒级分别实验。结果表明：在常温常压下,3种土壤对Cd的吸附用Langmuir模式来拟合较合适,土壤粘粒的吸附能力大于土壤砂粒的吸附能力。Zn^2＋与Cd^2＋共存时,Cd的吸附受到抑制,在本实验浓度下,腐殖酸对土壤吸附Cd的抑制作用不明显。解吸过程显示土壤对Cd离子的解吸与有机碳、阳离子代换量成负相关。Cd在土壤中的穿透曲线是Cd在土壤中吸附、解吸、络合、迁移等作用的综合体现．Cd在各种土壤中的运移时间顺序为：大同土壤〉临汾土壤〉太原土壤,从而得出Cd在壤质砂土中运移得最快、在粉土中运移得最慢的结论。     

Selection of p–y curves for the design of single laterally loaded piles

Two-dimensional finite element analysis has been used to find load–transfer relationships for translation of an infinitely long pile through undrained soil for a variety of soil-constitutive models. It has been shown that these load–transfer curves can be used as p–y curves in the analysis of single piles undergoing lateral pile head loading in undrained soils with non-linear stress–strain laws. Lateral pile response deduced from 2-D analysis input to the subgrade reaction method has been compared to the behaviour of a single pile analysed using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Good agreement between the two methods for non-linear soils suggests that the 2-D analysis may form a useful design method for calculation of p–y curves. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北京顺义-前门-良乡断裂探槽的微观分析及其启示

松散沉积物中的断层常常未留下明显的宏观形迹,单靠肉眼观测往往难以确定断层是否存在,即使判断出有断层亦常难以确定其活动性质和活动方式。大量资料表明,微观分析是探讨松散沉积物中断层和古地震事件的行之有效的方法。文中通过对采自顺义-前门-良乡断裂的顺义油库探槽样品的微观分析,探寻松散沉积物中宏观形迹不明断层的显微沉积学和显微构造标志,并据此判断是否伴随古地震事件。研究结果表明,松散沉积物中的断层在微观上表现为明显的滑移错动面、微破碎带、变形条带、泥质充填条带、黏土矿物集中和定向的带、铁质物集中的带以及碎屑颗粒集中和定向的带等。显微沉积学研究则表明,断层及其附近的地层中显微纹层常发生扰动现象,断层内样品碎屑颗粒粒度分布的粗尾段降低而细尾端增高,棱角状颗粒含量明显增加;扫描电镜分析表明这些碎屑颗粒有新的破裂产生,而分形研究获得了断层内样品较高的分维值(D约为2.5)。上述特征可以作为松散沉积物中宏观形迹不明断层的微观判断标志。此外,本研究还发现了与震击物的一些宏观标志,如球状体或枕状体、负荷构造、流体流、固体物质流以及有机物的悬浮等非常相似的微观特征。显然,它们可以作为判断古地震事件的微观标志。上述结果表明,微观分析是     

里下河古潟湖相软土基本工程特性与形成机理的关系

淮盐高速公路穿越的里下河地区,广泛分布有高含水量、高压缩性古潟湖相软土,工程性质很差,该层软土的工程性质与里下河古潟湖的形成机理密切相关。本文在对潟湖形成一般模式总结的基础上,结合苏北地区第四纪以来沉积环境及区域地质地貌变化情况,得出里下河古潟湖相软土的形成机理,并对淮沿高速公路盐线典型地段土样工程性质进行分析,根据土的工程性质的垂直变化,判断古潟湖相软土的分布情况,进而寻找古潟湖相软土工程性质与其形成机理之间的关系。     

有软夹层的基岩上覆土层在断层错动时的破裂特征研究

采用平面应变有限元法,研究了地震断层错动时有软夹层的基岩上覆土层的破裂特征. 结果表明,软夹层使上覆土层破裂分为两个阶段. 软夹层埋置深浅的不同使上覆土层的破裂过程和破裂范围表现出一定的差异. 埋置较深的软夹层使地表产生较大的破坏. 软夹层的厚薄对上覆土层的破裂进程和破裂范围也有影响.      

青岛港液体化工码头区软基处理方法的对比分析研究

使用层次分析法,对青岛港港池浚深挖泥吹填形成的液体化工码头的软基处理方法进行优选。结合土质特点等因素,分区进行不同工艺的分析,建议真空预压法和强夯法进行地基处理。两种方法的地基处理资料对比表明,真空预压法为首选处理工艺。     

不同实验条件下软质岩石地基承载力分析

现行《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50021-2001)及《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2002)规定,确定岩石地基承载力特征值常用方法有取岩样作室内试验和现场原位载荷试验等。软质岩的岩石试样作室内试验时,因环境条件与实地有明显的差异,试验结果多不理想,现场静载试验在实际环境条件下进行,能更好地挖掘软质岩石地基承载力特征值的潜力,减少基础工程造价。     

Evaluation of seismic displacement demands from the September 19, 2017 Puebla‐Morelos (Mw = 7.1) earthquake in Mexico City

This short communication presents the assessment of seismic inelastic and elastic displacement demands computed from earthquake ground motions (EQGMs) recorded in Mexico City during the intermediate‐depth intraslab Puebla‐Morelos earthquake on 19 September 2017 (Mw = 7.1). Evaluation is conducted by means of peak elastic and inelastic displacement demand spectra, inelastic displacement ratio, C_R, spectra, and generalized interstory drift spectra computed for selected recording stations located in different soil sites of Mexico City, including those located in areas of reported collapsed buildings. Results of this study confirm previous observations made from interplate (subduction) EQGMs that peak inelastic displacement demands are greater than corresponding elastic counterparts for short‐to‐medium period structures, while the opposite is true for medium‐to‐long period structures. Possible basin site effects were identified from generalized interstory drift spectra. It is also shown that an equation introduced in the literature to obtain estimates of C_R developed from interplate EQGMs provides also a good estimate for mean C_R computed from the intermediate‐depth intraslab EQGMs.     

Evaluating spatial variation of suspended sediment rating curves in the middle Yellow River basin,China

Abstract The suspended sediment load in the middle Yellow River basin (YRB) cannot be well predicted by capacity‐based transport formulas because a large fraction of suspended sediment load is composed of wash load. This study evaluated the spatial variations of sediment rating curves (SRCs) in the middle YRB. Both power and linear SRCs were used to fit daily flow and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) historical data at 49 gauging stations throughout the middle YRB. The spatial variation in regression coefficients was investigated, and the relationship between regression coefficients and the physical characteristics of watersheds was discussed. The results indicate that SRC regression coefficients vary with drainage area and basin slope, but their responses to these parameters are remarkably different in watersheds with different underlying surfaces, which indicates the significance of sediment availability, erodibility, and grain size distribution. For power SRCs representing sediment transport in unsaturated flows, the regression coefficients are more closely correlated with the drainage area in loess regions and with the basin slope in rock mountain regions. For linear SRCs representing sediment transport in saturated flows, saturated SSCs vary with coarse (particle size > 0.05 mm) and fine (particle size < 0.01 mm) fractions in suspended sediment. The maximum saturated SSC among the different gauging stations is associated with the optimal grain size composition of suspended sediment, which has been proposed for loess regions in previous studies. This study provides theoretical support for estimating the regression parameters for sediment transport modelling, especially in ungauged basins.