沿海高速公路反开挖施工中若干问题的探讨

本文对广东省西部沿海高速公路新会四标段管涵的反开挖施工中常见问题进行了探讨，提出了判定开挖时间的方法，并论述了开挖边坡坡度，基底承载力大小以及反开挖施工合理性问题。     

Incompressible or nearly incompressible soil dynamic behaviour—a new staggered algorithm to circumvent restrictions of mixed formulation

The restriction of the Babuska–Brezzi stability criteria for the mixed formulation requires non-uniform interpolation of displacement and pore-pressure variables, which complicates the coding in the finite element analysis. This will certainly preclude the use of many otherwise useful elements. A possible solution to overcome this problem introduced earlier by the authors requires a semi-explicit form. However, the effectiveness of the semi-explicit procedure is dependent on the time step length used, which presents difficulties for transient analysis. In this paper, an unconditionally stable staggered implicit-implicit algorithm is developed, which is generalised from the semi-explicit form. For non-uniform mesh configurations, the results indicate a significant improvement compared with those obtained by using the semi-explicit procedure.     

A laboratory study of teleseismic Pn waves

In this paper, the influences of mechanical properties of low velocity layers and thickness of high velocity layers in the lower lithosphere on the horizontal propagaties of seismic waves are discussed by means of altrasonic seismic model experiments; It is shown that the structure of the lower lithosphere consisting of soft low velocity layers and thin high velocity layers is favourable for the horizontal propagation of seismic energy, therefore, it is a very possible structure pattern of the lower lithosphere responsible for Pn and later high velocity arrivals observed in long range distances; Such pattern is also consistent with studies of rheological stratification of the lower lithosphere beneath mid-ocean-ridges and continental rifts. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 97–102, 1993. The project is supported by the Chinese joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

Probabilistic assessment of travel times in groundwater modeling

A Monte Carlo approach is described for the quantification of uncertainty on travel time estimates. A real (non synthetic) and exhaustive data set of natural genesis is used for reference. Using an approach based on binary indicators, constraint interval data are easily accommodated in the modeling process. It is shown how the incorporation of imprecise data can reduce drastically the uncertainty in the estimates. It is also shown that unrealistic results are obtained when a deterministic modeling is carried out using a kriging estimate of the transmissivity field. Problems related with using sequential indicator simulation for the generation of fields incorporating constraint interval data are discussed. The final results consists of 95% probability intervals of arrival times at selected control planes reflecting the original uncertainty on the transmissivity maps.     

福州软土地区上浅基的岩土工程问题

软土在我国沿海一带分布很广,如渤海湾,天津塘沽,长江三角洲,浙江、珠江三角洲,以及福建的沿海地区都存在海相或相沉积的软土,具有松软,孔隙比大、压缩性高和强度低的特点。本文提出软土浅基的建筑病害,处理方法,以及对软土上浅基设计的几点建议,     

真空预压作用下软土地基固结的分形研究

随着真空预压法在软土地基处理中的逐步应用，其软土固结的机理一直是探讨的课题，分形理论的产生为软土这一非线性系统研究提供了新的思路。针对真空预压作用下软土地基固结中存在的问题以及土体研究中的一些分形现象，用分形理论对其研究前景等进行了探讨，从宏观和微观两方面论证了真空预压作用下软土地基固结的分形研究是可行的。     

软土初始应力各向异性弹塑性模型

自然土体处于初始应力状态,其强度和应力-应变关系都呈现出各向异性,而以往广泛使用的剑桥模型是建立在重塑土试验结果的基础上的,因此,计算实际问题时有一定缺陷.在总结了一些在修正剑桥模型基础上进行扩展而得到的各向异性模型,尤其是S-CLAY1模型.然后,假定了初始屈服面的倾角为K0线,这样使S-CLAY1的计算更加简单.此外,还编制了相关程序,进行了比较计算.结果表明,该模型简单合理,参数正确,可以在实际工程中应用.     

襄荆高速公路软弱地基高路堤填筑控制试验研究

软弱地基路堤填筑高度一般小于5 m,需时较长而影响工期,襄荆高速公路软弱地基路堤填筑高达8 m,加快施工进度与保证施工安全成为一大技术难题,为此进行了一系列的试验研究.现场详勘和试验表明该软弱地基存在1～1.5 m厚的硬壳层及下卧砂卵石层且原状土十字板剪切强度较高(Su = 44 kPa),有利于加快填土速率;选取了塑料排水板及砂垫层加土工格栅的软弱地基处理方案;基于排水条件得到了较大改善,经试验,证明适当降低规范要求的沉降控制标准是可行的.据此,根据监测数据进行动态调整后,填土速率得到了较大提高,施工安全也得到了保证;路堤填筑到设计高度后,通过堆载预压试验,对工后沉降预测值进行了验证,取得了良好的效果.     

软土地区基坑工程环境影响及其保护实例分析

以基坑工程为背景,针对上海外环隧道浦西暗埋段的大型超深基坑工程的主要环境保护问题,对基坑开挖引起的主要管线和建筑物的沉降、跟踪注浆保护措施及其效果进行了分析.实测数据表明,基坑开挖使周围建筑物和管线会产生较大的沉降速率和沉降量,尤其是降低深层承压水使远处的建筑物产生了不容忽视的均匀下沉.实践证明,采取预注浆与跟踪注浆相结合的保护措施,可以有效地减小基坑开挖对周围环境的影响.     

塑料排水板处理的软土地基的分析

首先介绍了塑料排水板(PVD)加固的软土地基固结沉降计算的分析方法.该方法中提出了塑料排水板加固地基的等效竖向渗透系数的概念与计算方法.并介绍了影响分析结果的四个参数的选取方法.通过一个工程实例介绍了路堤荷载下PVD加固地基的有限元二维分析方法.结果表明所提方法可以较好地模拟实测数据.