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381.
This paper lists difficult railway construction conditions that are typical for the northern areas of the Russian Far East. Permafrost-bound issues of railway and highway construction and operation are described. Some of the authors'' developments for subgrade stabilization in the foregoing conditions are given as examples. 相似文献
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385.
本文在现场实验研究的基础上,提出了饱和两相介质在爆炸动载下排水固结机理的一维简化模型。数值计算结果表明在强动载作用下,土层中两相介质由于运动惯性不同,两者会出现分离运动,土体的排水速度与两相介质的运动有关。动载作用后两相介质仍具有较大的惯性,继续排水,这与静载下是不同的。土中孔隙压力的变化与两相介质运动有关,计算值与实测值在量级上有可比性。 相似文献
386.
The concept of essential fish habitats (EFHs) is widely accepted for conservational and management purposes. EFHs are often considered as high quality habitats for fisheries species and subsequently of high values for society. In this study, fish and Substrate-Associated Prey (SAP) were sampled during the productive summer season 1998 (fish) and 2003 and 2004 (SAP) in shallow coastal rocky- and soft-bottom habitats on the Swedish west coast. The aim was to study the spatial and monthly variation of SAP as well as abundance and biomass of fish, and to examine if food items found in the diet of the fish assemblage were derived from SAP. We also examined if the diet of Ctenolabrus rupestris, a resident and abundant fish species in the shallow coastal habitats, and the diet of four seasonally abundant and commercially important fish species (Gadus morhua, Pleuronectes platessa, Salmo trutta and Scomber scombrus) were derived from SAP. There were significantly higher mean species number and abundance of the SAP assemblage on rocky compared to soft bottoms and the highest values were found on the rocky bottoms in August and in the shallowest (0–3 m) depth strata. There were no significant differences in number of fish species caught in the two habitats, although mean number of fish and mean biomass were significantly higher on rocky bottoms. Both habitats showed the same seasonal variation and the highest values of number of fish species, abundance and biomass were observed in June. On rocky bottoms, gastropods and amphipods were the most frequent food items in the diet of the entire fish assemblage and these items were also the most abundant SAP in this habitat. The dominant food items of the soft-bottom fish assemblage were decapods and fish, which were not common SAP. However, except for S. scombrus, the diet of the selected fish species showed a strong association to the SAP availability. Gadus morhua displayed the strongest association to SAP on rocky bottoms and P. platessa and C. rupestris to SAP on soft bottoms. Further, for C. rupestris, multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant association to the SAP assemblage on both rocky and soft bottoms. These results provide vital new information for the management and conservation of Essential Fish Habitats on the Swedish west coast. 相似文献
387.
Seungshic Yum Seonock Woo Man Chang Taek-Kyun Lee Jun-Im Song 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(1):55-59
We cloned the complete cDNA of the β-tubulin from the soft coral,Scleronephthya gracillimum (Kükenthal) (Alcyonacea, Octocorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria), via the random sequencing of a cDNA library and the 5′-rapid
amplification of cDNA end (RACE) technique. The full-length cDNA of theS. gracillimum β-tubulin comprised 1541 bp, not including the poly (A)+ stretch, also contained a complete open reading frame, which codes for a total of 445 amino acids. The amino acid residues
16-402 appeared to be in a state of conservation in a variety of animals. Northern blot analysis clearly demonstrated that
the sequence we have obtained is, indeed, the full-length cDNA of the β-tubulin gene inS. gracillimum. 相似文献
388.
The soft-bottom macrofauna (> 1 mm) of Tromsøysund and Sandnessund near Tromsø, northern Norway (69°40′N, 19°0′E) was sampled quantitatively in 1983, 1990 and 1992 in order to assess enrichment effects from discharges of municipal sewage and fish factory effluents. The studies comprised 30 stations between 7 and 40 m depth at varying distances from effluent outfalls. In total 395 species/taxa were recorded. The polychaetes were the most important group both with regard to the numbers of species (146) and specimens (80% of total), but bivalves and amphipods were also common. Most stations had species numbers between 40 and 100 and densities between 2000 and 8000 ind. per m2. The species assemblages could be related to organic enrichment, depth and sampling year. Evidence suggests that the organic discharges did not seriously affect the waters surrounding Tromsø, but the generally high abundances, the prevalence of polychaetes and a numerical importance of ‘opportunistic’ species (Polydora, Chaetozone, Heteromastus) might suggest that the whole area was stimulated by the organic inputs. Sharply delimited strongly enriched zones characterized by dense populations of Capitella capitata were found on shallow sites close to large outfalls in Tromsøysund. These local and restricted effects of the discharges may be related to strong tidal currents and wave action that disperse effluent components. The faunal composition remained largely stable from 1983 to 1992 at 9 revisited stations, but the number of small bivalve and crustacean taxa increased and the abundance of the dominant polychaete Polydora socialis strongly decreased. The effluent discharges were supposed to have increased from 1983 to 1992, but the faunal changes did not provide evidence of an increased enrichment of the area during the period. 相似文献
389.
Hong-Jian Liao Li-Jun Su Wu-Chuan Pu Jian-Hua Yin 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2003,21(3):183-200
A kind of diatomaceous soft rock and its constitutive model are studied in this article. Based on Yin and Graham's (1999) 3-D elastic viscoplastic constitutive model, the formulation under a triaxial stress state is established, and it is used to simulate the time-dependent stress-strain behavior and effective stress path of consolidated undrained triaxial tests of both normally consolidated and overconsolidated soft rock. The comparison between the model predictions and measured results shows that their agreement is good. This demonstrates that the constitutive equation established here can be used to simulate the time-dependent stress-strain behavior of the soft rock under triaxial stress condition. 相似文献
390.
Underwater Explosion Treatment of Marine Soft Foundation 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Zheng Zhemin Yang Zhengsheng Jin Liu
Professor Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences Director of Mechanics Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
Professor Mechanics Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Senior Engineer Lianyungang Harbor Construction Command Post Lianyungang Province of Jiangsu 《中国海洋工程》1991,(2)
The consolidation of soft foundation is a problem that commonly appears in harbor construction engineering on muddy coast. Introduced in this paper is the experimental study on underwater explosion treatment of soft foundation, including the regulations of explosion hollow development and medium movement, the law of similarity of densification and settlement of filled stone mass by shock wave pressure and explosion energy and their construction technologies, etc. A number of projects have been completed by applying this new technique, and the technique itself has been proved practicable. 相似文献