盘南响水矿井船形构造特征及其对煤层开采的影响

盘南响水井田播土采区内北西向断层成组出现,倾向相对,地面大致平行或呈透镜状延伸,深部相交消失,空间形态组合类似船体形状。通过对船形构造内的断层组合及成因分析,认为该船形构造属挽近地质历史时期形成的重力滑动构造,其两侧利用和追踪了先期形成的北西向断层,主滑面主要沿煤系地层中部的17、19煤层等软弱层发育。根据船形构造发育特点,分析了各个船形构造对煤系地层及煤层的切割破坏程度,为矿井生产中的构造预测提供了依据。     

浅谈测井方法在工程勘察中的应用

地球物理测井应用于工程勘察中,能够较好地解决用钻探不易解决的问题,如有效判别薄夹层、寻找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带、判断孔内土层稳定性以及测定土层的速度等。其中自然伽马测井曲线在判定含砾粘土夹层及软弱薄粘土夹层等方面具有较高的准确性;声波、井径、自然γ、视电阻率等测井方法可有效查找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带,特别是声波测井曲线异常更为明显;另外跨孔实测剪切波速还可进行地基土加固效果检验。     

青龙煤矿采探对比及构造分析

通过对青龙井田两次勘查进行采探对比分析,认为存在工程量不足、构造和煤层控制程度低、高级资源量比例低、地质规律研究不足等问题。青龙井田构造以断层为主、褶曲为辅,小断层、小型紧闭褶曲极为发育,断层具有落差大、密度大、延展长度大、相互切割、下盘牵引破坏明显等特点,断层总体以NE向为主,可分为NE向正、逆断层组,NW向正、逆断层组4组。井田F4、F22断层附近及F4断层以南、F22断层东南为构造复杂区,升田深部为构造较复杂区,综合评价井田构造复杂程度为较复杂一复杂类型。目前矿井生产被动局面是由于地质构造复杂、煤层稳定性差和前期勘查程度低造成,通过分析构造和煤层对采区和工作面设计、工作面回采等影响,提出了今后井田勘查、矿井生产和地质丁作建议,对贵州煤矿地质工作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

磷处理粉煤灰可作农业土壤磷源

粉煤灰(简称CCP或ash)具有改良土壤,增加植物产量的功能。此外,由于它特殊的多孔结构,也可用作吸纳并承载植物养分的载体。用NaH2PO4配制成含磷0.10mol/L浓度的溶液,对采自加拿大西安大略省Sarnia地区Lambton电厂的底灰(bottomash)进行振荡浸渍处理。结果表明,振荡浸渍66h后的粉煤灰中磷含量可达784×10-6。以磷处理粉煤灰、未进行磷处理的粉煤灰和石英砂按比例混合,作为基本生长介质进行玉米种植实验,其中实验配方设计为生长介质中含磷量分别为标准含磷浓度(50×10-6)的10%、25%、50%、75%和100%。生长26、34和46d后分别与不含磷的空白配方、施加含氮-磷-钾为0-20-0标准磷肥并控制磷含量为标准浓度(50×10-6)配方进行生物产量对比。生长实验结果表明,以磷处理粉煤灰供磷的生长介质,当含磷量为标准浓度的25%至100%时,其植物生长量就比添加标准浓度磷肥的配方好。种植46d后的生物生长量统计结果显示,含磷分别为标准浓度50%、75%和100%的实验介质中,玉米杆的鲜重较施标准磷肥介质中玉米分别增长39.46%、42.73%和46.13%;玉米杆干重依次增加29.71%、13.39%和28.87%;根鲜重平均增加16.62%;根干重平均增加14.03%。上述实验结果启示,粉煤灰可以很好地吸纳承载磷养分,并持续供给植物吸收生长,如果采用吸纳磷(或其他养分)的粉煤灰改良砂质土壤将有重要意义。     

三维地震技术在煤层顶板稳定性研究中的应用

龙固井田为全隐蔽的华北型煤田,位于巨野煤田中部,其首采扩大区主采煤层为3号煤层。考虑3煤层顶板稳定性主要受其顶板的构造信息和岩性信息影响,因此首先依据三维地震勘探综合解释成果及波阻抗反演解释成果对二者进行定量化,然后对波阻抗数据进行归一化处理,使得波阻抗数据和量化后的构造数据具有相同的变化范围及等量贡献。在此距离范围内构造和岩性的权值各为0．5,依此生成综合因素煤层顶板稳定性隶属度。分析3煤层顶板以上10m、20m处的综合因素煤层顶板稳定性隶属度图可以发现,该区3煤层顶板稳定性比较好。且其稳定性主要是受构造因素控制,岩性因素相对影响较小。     

基于GIS组件与ANN耦合技术的矿井构造复杂程度评价

矿井构造是影响煤矿安全生产的主要因素,对瓦斯突出、矿井突水有着明显的控制作用。矿井构造具有空间性和非线性等特点,使矿井构造复杂程度评价的难度较大,据此利用MapObjects的空间分析功能和非线性人工神经网络（ANN）耦合技术,对矿井构造复杂程度进行评价。根据前人的研究成果,将突水系数、底板倾角变异系数、底板标高变异系数、断层强度指数、断层密度等5项指标引入评价体系,经过空间分析统计和模型识别,建立了矿井构造复杂程度评价模型。在开滦矿区东欢矿8煤层构造复杂程度的评价中,共训练及评价了研究区的226个评价单元．评价结果表明研究区西部及西北部构造复杂,中部及东南部构造相对简单。     

A new concept of pedogenic nodule formation in landscapes of the Russian Far East

The typification of ferromanganese nodules (FMN) formed in subaqueous and subaerial settings and in residual materials, as well as FMN localization in various sediments and soils, is discussed. The genetic diversity of morphologically similar FMN and the transformation of FMN-bearing complexes with changes in landscapes have been established.     

松辽盆地宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙结构及其影响因素

通过镜下观察,宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙类型较多,以粒间孔为主。细管压力曲线上看,曲线较陡,分选差,孔隙结构特征参数总体上较差,与孔隙度、渗透率有一定的关系,大的孔隙对渗透率的贡献最大。扶杨油层的孔隙结构较复杂主要由于成岩作用影响,压实作用使孔隙空间显著缩小,胶结作用和自生粘土矿物生长使孔隙进一步缩小和复杂化,后期的溶蚀作用使孔隙空间增加。     

New basis for the constitutive modelling of aggregated soils

Natural and compacted soils are usually characterized by aggregation of particles. The mechanical behaviour of these materials depends on soil structure. The oedometric compression tests performed on aggregated samples presented here showed that these materials exhibit a yield limit depending not only on stress history and stress state but also on soil structure. Evidence is provided using the neutron tomography technique. These results revealed that soil structure modification occurs together with plastic deformations. The experimental results are used to propose a new state parameter to quantify the soil structure. Based on pore-scale experimental observations, an evolution law for this parameter is proposed as a function of associated plastic strains. Considering both soil fabric and inter-particle bonding effects, a new yield limit depending on stress state, stress history and soil structure is introduced for the aggregated soils. Accordingly, a new constitutive framework consistent with strain hardening plasticity is proposed to consider soil structure effects in the modelling of aggregated soils.     

Changing grading of soil: effect on critical states

Examples of situations are presented where the grading of a soil changes during its lifetime either by crushing of particles leading to an increase of fine material or by slow transport of fine particles with seepage leading to a decrease of fine material. Such grading changes influence the basic constitutive properties of the soil, in particular properties such as critical states which are dependent on the available range of densities of packing. Discrete element modelling is used to show the dependence of critical state conditions on grading and the way in which the particle assembly seeks out new critical state conditions as the grading changes.