New formulae for capacity energy-based assessment of liquefaction triggering

Abstract

Liquefaction of loose saturated soil deposits is a hazardous type of ground failure occurring under earthquake excitations. Therefore, an accurate estimation of liquefaction potential is extremely important in geotechnical engineering. In the current study, a new model is proposed which estimates the level of strain energy needed for liquefaction initiation. A compiled database containing cyclic tests gathered from previously published works was used to develop new models to predict liquefaction potential. M5′ algorithm was used to find the best correlation between parameters. It was shown that not only the derived formulas are acceptably accurate but also they feature a very simple structure in comparison with available formulas in the literature. The proposed equations are accurate, physically sound and uncomplicated. Furthermore, safety factors were given for different levels of risk, which can be useful for engineering practice. In addition, the influence of different predictors on the liquefaction potential was evaluated and also the significance of input variables was assessed via sensitivity analysis. Finally, a new model was introduced for preliminary estimation of liquefaction potential.     

一种新方法——低渗诱导虾夷扇贝三倍体的研究

研究开发了1种多倍体诱导的新方法,采用低渗抑制受精卵第2极体(PB2)的释放诱导虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)三倍体.结果表明:以低渗盐度S=12,在第一个PB2出现时开始处理,持续处理20 min,诱导率可高达(84.74±3.82)%;三倍体处理组的幼虫比对照组具有明显的生长优势,但是幼虫存活率低于二倍体对照组.     

深基坑开挖与支护的有限元模拟

采用弹塑性有限单元法对超大基坑的开挖与支护进行数值模拟,据此分析土体的位移、主应力分布、施工过程中支护结构受力,并比较基坑顶部水平位移的计算值与实测值,两者非常接近,计算结果较为理想,可为工程设计和现场施工提供理论参考和指导.     

Elastic-plastic analysis for pile-anchor supporting system of deep foundation pit

By using numerical analysis methods to simulate the deep excavation, a lot of analyses are established on the basis of two-dimensional plane strain, ignoring the fact that foundation pit possesses three dimensions. For soil constitutive relation, people always take linear and nonlinear model, without considering the plastic behavior of soil. Using plastic-elastic hardening model to simulate constitutive relation of soil characteristics, the authors carried out mechanical analysis for pit excavation and support. The results show that the analysis for the stress state of pile anchor system is an effective way which provides theoretical basis for calculation of soil displacement.     

深海系泊法向承力锚模型实验系统

法向承力锚是一种新型的拖曳嵌入式系泊基础.这种锚的工程应用仅有10 a时间.国内在此项技术上尚属空白.通过实验系统的设计,介绍了针对这种新型拖曳锚展开模型实验研究的实验平台.利用一些新型传感器和巧妙的机件设计,不仅实现了实验量测方法的创新,而且达到了经济实用的目的.实验结果也验证了整个系统设计的可靠性.     

Countermeasures for breakwater foundation subjected to foreshocks and main shock of earthquake loading

Coastal protective structures, such as composite breakwaters, are generally vulnerable to earthquake. It was observed that breakwaters damage mainly due to failure of their foundations. However, the seismically induced failure process of breakwater foundation has not been well understood. This study describes failure mechanism of breakwater foundation as well as a newly developed reinforcing model for breakwater foundation that can render resiliency to breakwater against earthquake-related disasters. Steel sheet piles and gabions were used as reinforcing materials for foundation. The experimental program consisted of a series of shaking table tests for conventional and reinforced foundation of breakwater. Numerical analyses were conducted using finite difference method, and it was observed that the numerical models were capable to elucidate the seismic behavior of soil–reinforcement–breakwater system. This paper presents an overview of the results of experimental and numerical studies of the seismic response of breakwater foundation. Overall, the results of these studies show the effectiveness of the reinforced foundation in mitigating the earthquake-induced damage to the breakwater. Moreover, numerical simulation was used for parametric study to determine the effect of different embedment depths of sheet piles on the performance of breakwater foundation subjected to seismic loading.     

Effect of slow-solvent-vapour treatment on performance of polymer photovoltaic devices

In this work, enhanced poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices are achieved via slow-solvent-vapour treatment. The correlations between the morphology of the active layer and the photovoltaic performance of polymer-based solar cell are investigated. The active layers are characterized by atomic force microscopy and optical absorption. The results show that slow-solvent-vapour treatment can induce P3HT self-organization into an ordered structure, leading to the enhanced absorption and efficient charge transport.     

淤泥质地基海塘与水闸不均匀沉降控制措施优化研究

多年的调查与研究表明,建于淤泥质地基上的水闸与海塘等水工建筑物常常因海塘与水闸连接部位产生过大的差异沉降,影响水闸的正常使用,甚至造成连接部位完全破环。在海塘与水闸之间构建连接段则可以有效减小两者过大的差异沉降,进而减小差异沉降对建筑物的不利影响,但单纯设置连接段对于控制过大差异沉降效果极其有限。论文以浙东沿海某海堤围垦工程为背景,基于有限差分数值模拟软件（FLAC3D）,模拟了海塘堆载及流固耦合过程,并考虑通过调节连接段水泥搅拌桩的桩径、桩长及桩间距的连续变化对地基处理措施进行优化,计算出了不同优化措施下水闸与海塘的差异沉降。计算结果表明：基于连接段地基桩桩长的连续变化,再通过调节桩间距的大小可以很大程度控制海塘与水闸之间的差异沉降。     

海洋工程中桩基水平向承载力可靠指标的影响因素分析

桩基础水平向承载力的计算是海洋工程中桩基设计的重要组成部分。论文在搜集了大量平台建设资料的基础上,以现有的桩基水平向承载力的设计计算方法为依据,进行了水平向承载力的可靠度研究。对影响可靠指标的各个因素进行了灵敏度分析。     

Equilibrium erosion of soft rock shores with a shallow or absent beach under increased sea level rise

A process-based numerical model was used to explore the response of soft rock shores with low volume beaches to variable rates of sea level rise. Equilibrium recession rates were simulated for ranges of wave height and period, tidal amplitude, rock strength, beach volume and rate of sea level rise. Equilibrium shore profiles were found to be steeper with higher rates of sea level rise. Beaches were represented as protective surfaces yet were found to cause no significant reduction in equilibrium recession rate when their volumes were below a critical threshold. Reduced equilibrium recession rates were found with beaches that extended sufficiently far below low tide level. The model results imply that, given several constraints, a very simple relationship exists between increased rates of sea level rise and the response of eroding composite soft rock/low volume beach shores.