Carbon and Noble Gas Isotopes in the Tengchong Volcanic Geothermal Area, Yunnan, Southwestern China

Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived 3He. Occurrence of mantle-derived 3He coincides with surface volcanism. However, 3He occurs over a larger geographic areathan do surface volcanics. δ13C values for CO2 and CH4 vary from -33.4‰ to 1.6 ‰ and from -52.8‰ to -2.8‰, respectively. He and C isotope systematics indicate that CO2 and CH4 in the CO2-rich gases originated predominantly from magmatic component mixed with crustal CO2 produced from carbonate. However, breakdown of organic matter and near-surface processes accounts for the CH4 and CO2 in N2-rich gases. 3He/4He ratio distribution pattern suggests that mantle-derived He and heat sources of high-temperature system in central Tengchong originate from a hidden magma reservoir at subsurface. CO2-rich gases with the highest 3He/4He ratio (5.2 Ra) may be representative of the     

鄂温克旗干旱、洪涝灾害期评定及预测方法

根据鄂温克旗1959—2008年气象历史资料,统一归类,并采用统计预报方法,简要评定预测出鄂温克旗50年来主要气象灾害之一的干旱、洪涝灾害期,为鄂温克旗防范旱涝灾害做参考。     

冀北—辽西早白垩世沉积有机质特征与古气候环境演变

本文对冀北—辽西地区早白垩世沉积盆地富有机质沉积岩进行了初步有机地球化学分析研究。结果显示,冀北—辽西沉积盆沉积有机质特征在时间和空间上存在很大差异,代表白垩系早期沉积的滦平盆地大北沟组有机质丰度低,这不仅显示其所代表的沉积相带不利于有机质的聚集,也反映了当时生物不够繁盛;大店子组时期沉积相带发生了变化,有机质类型随着发生了变化,丰度有所增高,但总体上显示环境条件不利于生物的发育和繁盛。到了桥头组和义县组沉积岩有机质丰度大幅升高,表明生物界非常繁盛,古气候环境有利于有机质的大量生成和堆积,总体上反映了温湿的气候条件;但同时也存在较为频繁或交替性寒冷气候波动,具体的古气候环境状态尚需进一步深入研究。     

新型矿井多波多分量地震反射波观测系统的设计

针对DTC-150防爆地质超前探测仪在工程应用中存在的几个问题,提出了研制新型矿井多波多分量地震反射波观测系统的必要性.通过对大量工程预测预报资料的分析,结合煤岩有效地震波频率特性等4个关键技术的研究,得出了煤岩有效地震波频率范围和观测系统的有效布设方式,研制了高速、高精度、多通道数据采集及处理系统,给出了掌子面绕射回波形成的探测盲区和巷道声波的处理方法,提出了掌子面绕射回波与直达波不重叠的条件.新型矿井多波多分量地震反射波观测系统的研制成功为矿井提供了更为准确、更长距离的超前预测预报手段,同时也为煤矿安全生产提供了有力的保证.     

The environmental planning and management approach towards the development and management of the Osun natural spring project,Ibadan, Nigeria

There is a general shortage of potable water in Nigeria, partly through the lack of natural provision and partly because of rapid urban growth that has largely been unplanned. The paper describes the recent redevelopment of a public water facility in a run-down area of Ibadan which is part of the Sustainable Ibadan Project. Despite funding from national and international bodies, the development is strongly based at community level. The local inhabitants feel they have control over their own water supply through their representatives on the various planning and managing committees. This aims to reduce vandalism and to increase pride and involvement in the community. The project is a pilot for other projects around Ibadan, some of which have begun and others are being planned. This paper describes the administrative structures and management principles that have been employed. It forcefully advocates community-based planning and management which respects both the environment and the water-users, and involves a major “bottom-up” element. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

广州白云堡豪苑观光塔滑坡的形成与防治研究

以往常有两种误区：(1)认为单斜岩层边坡只要坡脚处岩层不被切断，就不会破坏；(2)植树绿化和排水设施的设置总是对边坡的稳定性有利的。文章通过野外调查和力学模型分析了坡脚处岩层未被切断的白云堡豪苑观光塔处单斜岩层滑坡的形成机制，认为该滑坡属于顺层边坡溃屈型的板裂破坏——溃屈破坏，分析了滑坡的稳定性及剩余滑动力。分析表明，人工开挖后边坡的防治方法和措施不当对该滑坡的产生起了非常关键性的作用，其中盲目的植树绿化和排水沟设置成了边坡不稳定的主要诱导因素。由此可见，边坡(滑坡)防治措施的选择对其稳定性具有非常重要的意义。最后，提出切中要害的滑坡防治方案。     

深圳市景亿山庄滑坡特征及成因分析

根据现场工程地质调查和勘察,论文深入分析了景亿山庄滑坡的变形特征、性质、变形机制,并探讨了滑坡的成因。指出在具有剥蚀残丘地貌特征的场地开挖以砂岩残积物为主要组成物质的边坡时,边坡高陡是造成边坡变形破坏的主要因素。长时间的持续降雨是诱发因素。对于陡倾原生节理裂隙发育的土质和类土质边坡,滑坡周界受边坡体内原生节理裂隙控制,滑坡后缘常沿该陡倾的节理裂隙发育。在深圳等降雨量大的亚热带气候区,若坡体内没有不利于边坡稳定的各种结构面,当边坡开挖高度不超过20m,总体坡率不陡于1∶1时,边坡能够保持短期稳定。但长期稳定性受当地降雨量和降雨强度的控制,开挖后若不采取适当的加固措施,易发生滑坡等浅层病害。其病害从孕育到发生可持续长达10a之久。通过论文的研究,可供在类似地区开挖边坡、整治边坡病害借鉴。     

塔河油田碎屑岩油气运聚模拟及潜力区优选

为了系统研究塔河油田碎屑岩油气运聚过程,针对研究区目的层的地质特征,文章采用流径和逾渗综合方法进行油气运聚模拟分析。该方法基于断裂-砂体输导格架来开展油气运聚模拟,首先通过断层的分级、分期研究,结合实际资料形成了断层开启性判别标准,进而建立断层输导格架模型;综合使用压实曲线和孔渗关系,利用相控建模技术建立砂体输导格架模型。在断裂-砂体输导格架基础上开展了油气运聚模拟,模拟结果与现有的油气藏吻合较好,表明流径与逾渗综合法是一种模拟研究区目的层油气运聚过程的有效方法。同时,利用模拟结果,明确了主要目的层的潜力区域,对研究区碎屑岩的勘探部署有重要意义和实际价值。      

鞍本地区EW向深大断裂地质特征

在“鞍本地区沉积变质型铁矿控矿条件及找矿模型研究”工作中,尝试在GIS平台上对鞍本地区进行区域地质、航磁、重力、化探、地热泉等资料进行综合分析,发现该区存在一条近EW向展布的航磁和重力水平一阶导数负值异常带,该带南北两侧的地磁场、重力场和地球化学场具有明显的差异.研究成果显示,这条EW向断裂带具有控岩、控矿作用.该断裂自新太古代以来一直有活动迹象,新太古代时,可能是火山喷发的重要通道,已知大型或特大型沉积变质型（鞍山式）铁矿床均分布在断裂北侧长约90 km、宽约20 km的带状区域内;元古宙—古生代时,断裂带对沉积环境具有明显的制约,断裂带两侧的沉积环境不尽相同;中生代时,一系列中酸性侵入岩沿该断裂侵入（局部为隐伏岩体）;新生代沿该断裂出露有一系列平行带状展布的地热泉.