波浪在Jarlan型开孔潜堤上的运动

The wave motion over a submerged Jarlan-type breakwater consisting of a perforated front wall and a solid rear wall was investigated analytically and experimentally. An analytical solution was developed using matched eigenfunction expansions. The analytical solution was confirmed by previously known solutions for single and double submerged solid vertical plates, a multidomain boundary element method solution, and experimental data. The calculated results by the analytical solution showed that compared with double submerged vertical plates, the submerged Jarlan-type perforated breakwater had better wave-absorbing performance and lower wave forces. For engineering designs, the optimum values of the front wall porosity, relative submerged depth of the breakwater, and relative chamber width between front and rear walls were 0.1–0.2, 0.1–0.2, and 0.3–0.4, respectively. Interchanging the perforated front wall and solid rear wall may have no effect on the transmission coefficient. However, the present breakwater with a seaside perforated wall had a lower reflection coefficient.     

Comparative study on the allergenicity of different Litopenaeus vannamei extract solutions

Allergen extracts are widely used for allergy diagnosis and treatment. The application of shrimp extract is hampered due to the low protein concentration and the inconsistent allergenicity. Extracting solutions are considered to be the primary limiting factor of protein extraction from crustaceans. This study aimed to select an optimal solution for shrimp protein extraction by comparing the allergenicity of different shrimp extracts. The effect of 7 existing or modified extracting solutions were evaluated, including the glycerol-NaCl solution, the glycerol Cocaine's solution, the buffered saline solution, the Cocaine's solution, the Glucose leaching solution, 1 mol L-1 KCl solution, and 0.01 mol L-1 phosphate buffered saline solution with and without dithiothreitolor(DTT). The quantitative(protein concentration) and qualitative parameters(SDS-PAGE protein patterns and immuno-reactivity) were determined using the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting assay. Results showed that the 1 mol L-1 KCl solution with DTT was optimal for shrimp protein extraction, which yielded high concentration and allergenicity in the protein extract, including major and minor allergens. The 1 mol L-1 KCl solution with DDT is proposed for preparation of shrimp extract and associated allergy diagnosis, as well as potential applications for other crustaceans.     

Effect of sodium chloride and cadmium on the growth,oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a salt-tolerant yeast species capable of removing cadmium(Cd) pollutant from aqueous solution. Presently, the physiological characteristics of Z. rouxii under the stress of sodium chloride(NaCl) and Cd are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of NaCl and Cd on the growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii after stress treatment for 24 h. Results showed that NaCl or Cd alone negatively affected the growth of Z. rouxii, but the growth-inhibiting effect of Cd on Z. rouxii was reduced in the presence of NaCl. Flow cytometry assay showed that under Cd stress, NaCl significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and cell death of Z. rouxii compared with those in the absence of NaCl. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD) of Z. rouxii were significantly enhanced by 2%–6% NaCl, which likely contributed to the high salt tolerance of Z. rouxii. The POD activity was inhibited by 20 mg L-1Cd while the SOD and CAT activities were enhanced by 8 mg L-1 Cd and inhibited by 20 mg L-1 or 50 mg L-1 Cd. The inhibitory effect of high-level Cd on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii was counteracted by the combined use of NaCl, especially at 6%. This probably accounted for the decrease in Cd-induced ROS production and cell death of Z. rouxii after incubation with NaCl and Cd. Our work provided physiological clues as to the use of Z. rouxii as a biosorbent for Cd removal from seawater and liquid highly salty food.     

Ambizap方法在大规模GPS网处理中的应用及结果分析

介绍了一种基于非差精密单点定位(PPP)的GPS网处理新算法——Ambizap,利用该算法处理了一个由150个台站组成的GPS同步观测网。处理结果表明,该算法的定位精度比PPP解有所改进,处理效率比多基线网解法有较大提高。该算法在大规模高精度GPS网处理中具有巨大的应用价值。     

Analytical solution for two-phase flow in a wellbore using the drift-flux model

This paper presents analytical solutions for steady-state, compressible two-phase flow through a wellbore under isothermal conditions using the drift flux conceptual model. Although only applicable to highly idealized systems, the analytical solutions are useful for verifying numerical simulation capabilities that can handle much more complicated systems, and can be used in their own right for gaining insight about two-phase flow processes in wells. The analytical solutions are obtained by solving the mixture momentum equation of steady-state, two-phase flow with an assumption that the two phases are immiscible. These analytical solutions describe the steady-state behavior of two-phase flow in the wellbore, including profiles of phase saturation, phase velocities, and pressure gradients, as affected by the total mass flow rate, phase mass fraction, and drift velocity (i.e., the slip between two phases). Close matching between the analytical solutions and numerical solutions for a hypothetical CO₂ leakage problem as well as to field data from a CO₂ production well indicates that the analytical solution is capable of capturing the major features of steady-state two-phase flow through an open wellbore, and that the related assumptions and simplifications are justified for many actual systems. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the analytical solution to evaluate how the bottomhole pressure in a well in which CO₂ is leaking upward responds to the mass flow rate of CO₂-water mixture.     

An Analytic Solution to Well-water Level Changes under Barometric Pressure

Under barometric pressure,groundwater flow in well-aquifer systems is a kind of hydro-mechanical coupling problem.Applying the flux boundary conditions on borehole wall and water pressure equilibrium conditions inside and outside the borehole wall under barometric pressure(BP),an analytic solution to well-water level changes has been proposed in this paper.The formulation shows that the BP coefficients increase with time and tend to BP constant.The Change of BP coefficients over time depends only on the ratio of transmissivity(T) to the well radius squared(r2w),and has nothing to do with the change in BP.The BP constant only relates to aquifer loading efficiency(B),and has nothing to do with the aquifer transmissivity and well radius.The BP coefficients change over time in the analytic formulation is consistent with the analysis of measured data from the Nanxi wells.Based on the BP coefficient changes over time,a parameter estimation method is suggested and discussed in its application to the estimation of the aquifer BP constant(or B) and transmissivity by using the Nanxi well data.     

考虑碎石桩排水能力复合地基中孔压长消解析解

由于地震作用时间较短,且碎石桩渗透能力和土体渗透能力相比并不是无限大,因此本文考虑碎石桩排水能力研究了碎石桩桩体材料由地震引起的孔压的长消规律。根据比奥固结理论综合考虑碎石桩的排水能力和相应的初始条件及边界条件,推导出了能够真实反映碎石桩排水减压作用在地震期超孔隙水压力产生、扩散、消散过程中的贡献作用的一般解析解公式。同时讨论了碎石桩渗透能力的不同对抗震液化的影响作用。     

河北易县M_L3.8、3.3地震同震形变响应及其震源机制

2010年7月30日河北省易县相继发生ML3.8、3.3地震,震中距离易县地震台仅7 km,震中附近主要以形变观测台站为主.虽然地震震级相对较小,但是12个形变测项均有不同程度的同震响应,这在中小地震的同震响应分析中是较为突出的震例.根据河北台网的地震波形资料对地震进行了重新定位.根据速报震中和重新定位震中分别计算两次地震的震源机制,震源断层初步断定为NEE向断层,断层表现为正断兼右旋走滑.     

利用FOCMEC方法计算震源机制解的影响因素分析——以九江—瑞昌Ms5.7地震为例

应用Snoke最新发展的利用P波、SV波和SH波的初动和振幅比联合计算震源机制解的方法(FOCMEC),以2005年11月26日九江—瑞昌MS5.7地震为例,分析速度结构模型、震源定位误差、初动与振幅比资料和台站分布等对计算震源机制解的影响.结果表明,FOCMEC方法应采用研究区内的精细速度结构模型,各层速度误差在5％...     

一起地热井粘附卡钻事故的处理

针对钻探工程施工中频繁发生的粘附卡钻事故,分析了发生粘卡事故的原因及相关因素,介绍了采用氢氧化钠水溶液作为解卡液的使用方法、措施和效果。