湖北观子山硬玉钙霞正长岩初步研究

观子山侵入体从岩体中心到边部，由硬玉钙霞正长岩、硬玉正长岩和黑云角闪正长岩组成。本文着重讨论硬玉钙霞正长岩的岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学、REE的地球化学、时代及岩石成因。据Rb-Sr等时线测定，其年令值为306Ma，说明它形成于海西期。根据产状、FeO/MgO,^δSr/^δSr（i）、REE分配模式以及形成硬玉的压力温度条件，足以证明硬玉钙霞正长岩的成因与上地幔物质有关。     

安庐石英正长岩带的地质和地球化学特征及成因探讨

安庐石英正长岩带由黄梅尖、城山、大龙山三个多阶段复式岩体组成,其形成与郯庐断裂带在中生代末发展演化成陆内裂谷的事件有关。岩带的成岩物质来源较深,是地幔分熔产生的安粗岩浆,在其上升侵位过程中经受上部地壳物质混染,为幔壳混源成因,其中地幔组分约占60.2—53.8％,地壳组分约占39.8—46.2％。岩带中的岩石偏碱性、贫水和非造山等一系列地质地球化学特征可与A型花岗岩相类比。     

An Evaluation of Methods for Assessing the Competence of Laboratories Based on Performance in the GeoPT Proficiency Testing Scheme

The original certification protocol, published by the International Association of Geoanalysts in 2003, specified that the competence of laboratories selected as competent to contribute certification measurements should be evaluated from their performance in the GeoPT proficiency testing programme. Round 39 of the IAG GeoPT proficiency testing programme provided an opportunity to examine four methods of evaluating laboratory competence based largely on the use of proficiency testing z‐scores as performance indicators. This opportunity arose because two test materials were co‐analysed by participating laboratories in this round: a syenite, SyMP‐1, supplied by the USGS, and an established CRM, the nepheline syenite, CGL 006. The performance of laboratories was assessed in four ways; in each case, consensus values and their uncertainties as derived from selective data sets of competent laboratories were compared with results derived from the routine GeoPT data assessment, involving all submitted measurements. An overall comparison of results showed no significant statistical differences in either consensus values or uncertainties between these data sets. This conclusion was unexpected and calls into question the widely held assumption that ‘better’ consensus data would be obtained from a subset of laboratories judged to be competent on the basis of proficiency testing performance indicators.     

The role of carbonate-fluoride melt immiscibility in shallow REE deposit evolution

The Lugiin Gol nepheline syenite intrusion, Mongolia, hosts a range of carbonatite dikes mineralized in rare-earth elements(REE). Both carbonatites and nepheline syenite-fluorite-calcite veinlets are host to a previously unreported macroscale texture involving pseudo-graphic intergrowths of fluorite and calcite. The inclusions within calcite occur as either pure fluorite, with associated REE minerals within the surrounding calcite, or as mixed calcite-fluorite inclusions, with associated zirconosilicate minerals. Consideration of the nature of the texture, and the proportions of fluorite and calcite present(～29 and 71 mol%,respectively), indicates that these textures most likely formed either through the immiscible separation of carbonate and fluoride melts, or from cotectic crystallization of a carbonatefluoride melt. Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses show the pure fluorite inclusions to be depleted in REE relative to the calcite. A model is proposed, in which a carbonate-fluoride melt phase enriched in Zr and the REE, separated from a phonolitic melt, and then either unmixed or underwent cotectic crystallization to generate an REE-rich carbonate melt and an REE-poor fluoride phase. The separation of the fluoride phase(either solid or melt) may have contributed to the enrichment of the carbonate melt in REE, and ultimately its saturation with REE minerals. Previous data have suggested that carbonate melts separated from silicate melts are relatively depleted in the REE, and thus melt immiscibility cannot result in the formation of REE-enriched carbonatites. The observations presented here provide a mechanism by which this could occur, as under either model the textures imply initial separation of a mixed carbonate-fluoride melt from a silicate magma. The separation of an REEenriched carbonate-fluoride melt from phonolitic magma is a hitherto unrecognized mechanism for REE-enrichment in carbonatites, and may play an important role in the formation of shallow magmatic REE deposits.     

辽宁矿洞沟—梁屯元古宙正长岩体的地球化学及成因

矿洞沟 -梁屯正长岩体侵位年龄为 2 175.4Ma ,是年代最古老的正长岩体之一。正长岩浆演化过程中发生了分离结晶作用。岩浆起源于亏损地幔与下地壳组分参予的混合源区 ,有上地壳物质的混染。该岩体是研究岩石圈发展早期碱性岩浆作用的极好标本。     

Fenitizing Processes Induced by Ferrocarbonatite Magmatism at Swartbooisdrif, NW Namibia

The southeastern margin of the anorthositic Kunene IntrusiveComplex, NW Namibia, has been subsequently invaded by Mesoproterozoicsyenite, nepheline syenite and ferrocarbonatite dykes alongNE- and SE-trending faults. The first generation of carbonatiteintrusions frequently contains fenitized anorthositic wall-rockfragments set in a ferrocarbonatite matrix; later, subordinateveins of massive ferrocarbonatite are almost xenolith-free andcut through the main carbonatite dykes. A mantle source forboth carbonatite generations is constrained by their respectiveoxygen and carbon isotope compositions of ankerite (¹⁸O_SMOW8·91–9·73; ¹³C_PDB –6·98 to–6·76). Na-rich fluids, released from the meltparental to the ferrocarbonatites, caused the fenitization ofboth the incorporated anorthosite xenoliths and the borderinganorthosite, syenite and nepheline syenite. This process ismainly characterized by the progressive transformation of Ca-richplagioclase, K-feldspar and nepheline into albite and/or sodalite.The changing mineral modes indicate that the fenitizing fluidswere sodium-rich and strongly Si-deficient solutions, whichalso contained significant amounts of Sr, Ba, Nb and the lightrare earth elements. On the basis of mineral equilibria studies,it is possible to reconstruct the temperature conditions forcarbonatite emplacement (c. 830 ± 200°C) and recrystallization(c. 480 ± 130°C), and for the metasomatic formationof sodalite (c. 700 ± 70°C). KEY WORDS: anorthosite; fenitization; ferrocarbonatite; sodalite; stable isotopes     

The Gronnedal-Ika Carbonatite-Syenite Complex, South Greenland: Carbonatite Formation by Liquid Immiscibility

The Grønnedal-Ika complex is dominated by layered nephelinesyenites which were intruded by a xenolithic syenite and a centralplug of calcite to calcite–siderite carbonatite. Aegirine–augite,alkali feldspar and nepheline are the major mineral phases inthe syenites, along with rare calcite. Temperatures of 680–910°Cand silica activities of 0·28–0·43 weredetermined for the crystallization of the syenites on the basisof mineral equilibria. Oxygen fugacities, estimated using titanomagnetitecompositions, were between 2 and 5 log units above the fayalite–magnetite–quartzbuffer during the magmatic stage. Chondrite-normalized REE patternsof magmatic calcite in both carbonatites and syenites are characterizedby REE enrichment (La_CN–Yb_CN = 10–70). Calcite fromthe carbonatites has higher Ba (5490 ppm) and lower HREE concentrationsthan calcite from the syenites (54–106 ppm Ba). This isconsistent with the behavior of these elements during separationof immiscible silicate–carbonate liquid pairs. _Nd(T =1·30 Ga) values of clinopyroxenes from the syenites varybetween +1·8 and +2·8, and _Nd(T) values of whole-rockcarbonatites range from +2·4 to +2·8. Calcitefrom the carbonatites has ¹⁸O values of 7·8 to 8·6and ¹³C values of –3·9 to –4·6. ¹⁸Ovalues of clinopyroxene separates from the nepheline syenitesrange between 4·2 and 4·9. The average oxygenisotopic composition of the nepheline syenitic melt was calculatedbased on known rock–water and mineral–water isotopefractionation to be 5·7 ± 0·4. Nd and C–Oisotope compositions are typical for mantle-derived rocks anddo not indicate significant crustal assimilation for eithersyenite or carbonatite magmas. The difference in ¹⁸O betweencalculated syenitic melts and carbonatites, and the overlapin _Nd values between carbonatites and syenites, are consistentwith derivation of the carbonatites from the syenites via liquidimmiscibility. KEY WORDS: alkaline magmatism; carbonatite; Gardar Province; liquid immiscibility; nepheline syenite     

Whole-rock geochemical,U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotope characteristics of the Dongueni Mont nepheline syenite intrusion,Mozambique

The Dongueni Mont nepheline syenite intrudes migmatitic paragneisses and siliciclastic metasediments of the Barue Complex, Mozambique. This study reports the whole-rock geochemical, U-Pb and Nd isotopic data of the nepheline syenite. The ferroan and alkalic geochemical characteristics are typical of alkaline rocks formed in a within-plate setting. The strong depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs)(e.g. Ba, Nb, P,and Ti) and enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(LILEs)(e.g. Rb, Th, K, and Pb) are consistent with magmatism in a continental alkaline magmatic province associated with intracontinental rifting. Zircon U-Pb data yielded crystallization ages from 498 ± 19 to 562± 14 Ma,consistent with the Pan-African Orogeny and the inherited zircons yield an age of 1040 Ma, which supports the presence of a Mesoproterozoic crust. Theε_(Nd)(t) values from the nepheline syenite samples range from-15.1 to-16.1 and the T_(DM)values from 1.77 to 1.67 Ga, which indicate that the initial nepheline syenite magma formed from a tholeiitic or mantle source in a within-plate setting with crustal assimilation.     

洛南任家滩—荞麦山正长斑岩成因及其对古元古代晚期裂解的指示——岩石化学及锆石U- Pb年龄和Lu—Hf同位素特征

华北克拉通南缘的陕西洛南—河南豫西地区出露一系列形成于1. 8~1. 6 Ga的碱性岩,对这些碱性岩的研究有助于提高对华北克拉通南缘古元古代构造环境的认识。笔者等选取陕西省洛南县任家滩—荞麦山一带碱性侵入体进行系统的岩石学、LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学、Lu—Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,讨论了其成因机制和构造背景。研究表明,任家滩—荞麦山岩体的主体岩性为正长斑岩,加权平均年龄为1689±20 Ma（MSWD=0. 12）,表明其侵位时代为古元古代。该岩体富碱（Na2O+K2O=7. 95% ~ 9. 5%）,高钾（K2O=4. 67% ~ 8. 51%）;稀土元素总量较高（496. 15×10-6 ~ 650. 16×10-6,平均543. 06×10-6）,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素相对富集（LREE=454×10-6 ~ 605×10-6）,重稀土元素亏损（HREE=39. 3×10-6 ~ 45. 6×10-6）,具有弱负铕异常;K、Rb、Ba、Th富集,Nb、Ta、P、Ti亏损,并且具有明显的Sr负异常。εHf（t）值<0,TDM1值为2038 ~ 2218 Ma,TDM2值为2250 ~ 2516 Ma,说明岩浆源区物质与富集地幔有关或受到过地壳物质的混染。因此,任家滩—荞麦山岩体是由地幔玄武质岩浆与地壳基底太华杂岩形成的中酸性花岗质岩浆混合后形成的熔体,经强烈的结晶分异作用形成的,其形成于陆内裂谷的构造环境,是华北克拉通南缘对哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的响应。     

滇中楚雄盆地老街子Pb- Ag矿床和白马苴Au(Cu)矿床赋矿岩体对比及成矿模式

滇中老街子Pb- Ag矿床和白马苴Au(Cu)矿床位于金沙江- 红河富碱斑岩成矿带中段,是楚雄盆地中与喜山期富碱斑岩体时空关系密切的两个矿化中心,二者相距仅2km,但是矿种和矿化类型均不同,金属矿物组合差异显著。两个矿化中心同空间、不同矿化类型的深部结构不清,成因联系不明,制约了姚安富碱斑岩区多金属矿床的理论认识与深部勘查。通过岩石组合、赋矿岩体组构及地球化学特征对比,总结矿化元素空间分布规律,研究认为：①老街子正长斑岩具斑状结构,斑晶为正长石,岩体内发育脉岩;白马苴正长斑岩具似斑状结构,斑晶为正长石和少量斜长石。岩石组合和组构特征差异反映后者形成深度较前者更深;②岩石地球化学特征总体一致,均明显富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Ba和LREE等）,相对亏损高场强元素（Ta、Nb、P和Ti等）,系中酸性富碱、高钾的正长岩- 石英二长岩钾玄质准铝- 过铝质系列岩石组合,为同源同期岩浆演化的产物。主要差异为老街子正长斑岩稀土总量及Rb/Sr比值整体较白马苴正长斑岩高,反映其岩浆结晶分异演化程度较白马苴正长斑岩高;③对比老街子矿床深部三个中段矿化元素异常分布特征,显示Cu- Mo异常往深部逐渐增强,矿床具有浅部Pb- Ag和深部Cu- Mo- Au的元素组合分带。白马苴矿床由岩体至接触带呈现出Au- Cu矿化/异常→Pb- Ag异常的分带特征。综合上述研究,认为白马苴、老街子矿床及其深部多金属矿化是成因上、时空结构上密切相关的矿床组合,属于浅成低温热液- 斑岩型Pb- Ag- Au（Cu- Mo）多金属成矿系统,深部具斑岩型铜、钼、金成矿潜力。在此基础上,构建了Pb- Ag- Au多金属成矿模式。研究工作对矿区深部及外围找矿预测具实践意义,对区域上同类矿床成矿理论研究和矿产勘查具参考价值。