Compositional variations (major and trace elements) of clinopyroxene and Ti-andradite from pyroxenite, ijolite and nepheline syenite, Alnö Island, Sweden

Clinopyroxenes from pyroxenite, ijolite and nepheline syenite from the main intrusion of the Alnö complex define two sub-parallel compositional trends with respect to Na, Ca and Fe_TOT plotted against alkali-pyroxene fractionation index (Na–Mg). Both trends define a smooth fractionation of increasing Na and Fe_TOT and decreasing Ca with increasing Na–Mg, but one set of samples contain clinopyroxenes that constantly plot at higher Na and lower Fe_TOT and Ca (at similar Na–Mg) than the rest of the samples. Clinopyroxenes with higher Ca and Fe_TOT and lower Na (trend 1) co-exist with substantial amounts of Ti-andradite (up to 70 vol.%), while the sample set defining the more Na-rich trend (trend 2) lack co-existing Ti-andradite. Clinopyroxenes from both trends show fractionated REE patterns with a distinct difference in HREE content, reflecting the content of co-existing Ti-andradite. The rocks of the first Ti-andradite-bearing trend crystallized slightly prior to the rocks of the second trend, probably from a primitive, Ca- and Ti-rich nephelinitic magma. Crystallisation of pyroxenite and melteigite occurred under low aSiO₂ and high aCaO and aTiO₂ as evidenced by the presence of perovskite and sometimes substantial amounts of magnetite. Subsequent increase in aSiO₂ is evidenced in the overgrowth of perovskite by titanite, which in turn is overgrown by Ti-andradite. Nepheline syenitic residuals crystallized under higher aSiO₂ and aNa₂O and lower aCaO and aTiO₂, which reduced Ti-andradite into an accessory phase and produced more Si- and Na-rich clinopyroxenes. Some of these residuals probably also mixed with new primitive magma producing a hybrid magma that crystallised the more Na-rich and Ca- and Fe_TOT-poor clinopyroxenes of trend 2. The complete lack of Ti-andradite in these rocks indicates different crystallisation conditions and also a different magma composition.     

Petrology,geochemistry and geodynamic setting of Eocene-Oligocene alkaline intrusions from the Alborz-Azerbaijan magmatic belt,NW Iran

The Kaleybar, Razgah and Bozqush (KRB) intrusions were studied to better understand subduction-related Eocene-Oligocene alkaline magmatism in NW Iran. The bulk of intrusions mainly consist of Si-undersaturated rocks including foid-bearing monzonite and syenite (nepheline syenite, pseudoleucite syenite) with some foid-bearing diorite and gabbro. In addition, they are spatially associated with Si-saturated rocks ranging in composition from monzo-diorite to syeno-granite. The main mafic rock-forming minerals of the studied rocks are olivine (Fo₄₄Fa₅₆), clinopyroxene (diopside to augite), biotite (Mg-biotite through Fe-biotite), amphibole (ferro-pargasite and magnesio-hastingsite with Mg#<0.55), and garnet (Ti-andradites). Based on whole rock geochemistry, the foid-syenites and associated rocks show mildly alkaline (shoshonitic) affinity. The content of SiO₂, K₂O?+?Na₂O, and K₂O/Na₂O ratio ranges from 47.8 to 60.7?wt.%, 5.31 to 16.33?wt.%, and 0.6 to 3.2, respectively. The intrusions are commonly metaluminous, with an aluminum-saturation index (ASI) ranging from 0.66 to 1.01. Almost all the rocks display similar arc-related geochemical features characterized by the enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) together with the depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns show no to marked negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*?=?0.55 to 1.12), (La/Yb)_N?=?8.16 to 31, (La/Sm)_N?=?2.80 to 10.59, and (Tb/Yb)_N?=?0.84 to 2.40. The evaluation of the REE patterns for the KRB magmas and the comparison of the trace element ratios with experimental studies indicate a chemically enriched lithospheric mantle source composed of garnet-spinel-lherzolite that have underwent a low degree of partial melting <5% to generate the KRB intrusions. Based on the present data, we infer that the mantle source was contaminated by a subduction component and the melting of the mantle lithosphere occurred by local extension in an overall convergent regime in NW Iran. The extension regime during the Eocene is proposed to be the result of the Neo-Tethys slab roll-back and the Sevan-Akera-Qaradagh (SAQ) slab break-off.     

Occurrence of thorite and radioactive zircon in syenite pegmatite,North of Ashwaraopet,Khammam district,Andhra Pradesh,India

This paper reports the occurrence of thorite and confirms the earlier find of radioactive zircon by Subbarao, Murali and others from syenite pegmatite in the Vinayakapuram-Kunavaram alkaline belt in the Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Thorite has also been found as residual concentrations in soil overlying the pegmatite.     

Rare-earth element mobility during ore-forming hydrothermal alteration: A case study of Dongping gold deposit Hebei Province,China

REE mobility during hydrothermal ore-forming processes has been extensively investigated in recent years and the potential of REE to provide information about ore forming processes has commonly been recognized.The Dongping gold deposit,which is located in northwestern Hebei Province,China,occurring in the inner contact zone of the Shuiquangou syenite complex,is spatially,and probably genetically,related to the syenite,the deposit was formed under the moderate to high temperature(220℃ to 320℃),weakly acidic to weakly alkaline,rather high fo2(lgfo2=-30～-34)environment.The REE study of the host rocks,altered wall rocks,ores and gangue minerals from the deposit suggests that the REEs have been mobilized and differentiated during K-feldspathization and silicification.The extremely altered syenite enveloping auriferous quartz vein shows positive Ce anomaly and larger LREE/HREE ratio than that of the unaltered syenite.The REE concentrations and patterns of the ores are determined by the ore types and mineral assemblages,LREE/HREE ratios in the gangue quartz and hydrothermal Kfeldspars are relatively low.The most significant observation is that the gangue quartz shows significant positive Eu anomaly,whereas the hydrothermal K-feldspars show less significant or no positive Eu anomaly at all relative to the primary feldspar in the unaltered syenite. It is evident that the REEs are mobile during K-feldspathization and silicification in the ore forming process.Weak to moderate K-feldspathization caused REE mobility without apparent differentiation with the exception of extreme K-feldspathization and silicification which resulted in significant depletion of HREE and Eu and relative enrichment of Ce.The REE,Y,U,Th and Au contents of the syenite decrease as the degrees of K-feldspathization and silicification of the rocks increase towards the auriferous quartz veins.As the ores were deposited under a rather oxidized environment,Ce^4 predominated over Ce^3 .The precipitation of the former in the form of CeO2 or absorpted onto the secondary mineral assemblage resulted in the inconsistent removal of the REE and the relative Ce enrichment in the strongly altered rocks.in contrast,Eu was present mainly in a low valence state (Eu^2 ).The geochemical differences from the other REE^3 and much less sites in the secondary minerals to accommodate the Eu released form the original minerals resulted in the enrichment of Eu in the fluids.The mobility and differentiation of REE and the coherent mobilities of Y,U,Th and Au also support the argument that the syenite is one of the source rocks for gold mineralization.The REE contents and patterns of the altered rocks enveloping the auriferous quartz vein could be used as a guide for locating ore veins in mineral exploration.     

地幔流体的交代作用——来自碱性正长岩及其深源岩石包体的证据

滇西玉龙县小桥头硅化霓辉正长斑岩中,含有较多镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体岩石。经岩相学和电子探针及扫描电镜分析发现,伴随交代蚀变,寄主岩和各类镁铁-超镁铁质包体岩石中,普遍发育沿粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明物质,主要由微晶硅酸盐矿物和磁铁矿组成。本文研究认为,硅酸盐矿物与磁铁矿在背散射电子图像中表现为熔离特征,这种在透光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的微晶固体,是引发交代蚀变、具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体交代作用的一种微观表现。     

广东从化石岭碱性杂岩的岩石学特征及其地质意义

对广东从化石岭碱性杂岩体进行了１：１万地质调查和填图,并进行了详细的岩石力学研究。其结果表明：杂岩体由霞石角闪石正长岩、角闪石正长岩、墨云母正长岩等岩性组成,为Ａ－型花岗岩的分异结晶作用所形成,产于板内引张构造环境,与深大断裂有关。岩体本身已构成霞石正长岩矿床,具有较高的工业利用和经济价值。     

洛南任家滩-荞麦山正长斑岩成因及其对古元古代晚期裂解的指示--岩石化学及锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素特征

华北克拉通南缘的陕西洛南-河南豫西地区出露一系列形成于1.8~1.6Ga的碱性岩,对这些碱性岩的研究有助于提高对华北克拉通南缘古元古代构造环境的认识。本文选取陕西省洛南县任家滩-荞麦山一带碱性侵入体进行系统的岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,讨论了其成因机制和构造背景。研究表明,任家滩-荞麦山岩体的主体岩性为正长斑岩,加权平均年龄为1689±20Ma（MSWD=0.12）,表明其侵位时代为古元古代。该岩体富碱（Na2O+K2O=7.95% ~ 9.5%）,高钾（K2O=4.67% ~ 8.51%）;稀土元素总量较高（496.15×10-6 ~ 650.16×10-6,平均543.06×10-6）,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素相对富集（LREE=454×10-6 ~ 605×10-6）,重稀土元素亏损（HREE=39.3×10-6 ~ 45.6×10-6）,具有弱负铕异常;K、Rb、Ba、Th富集,Nb、Ta、P、Ti亏损,并且具有明显的Sr负异常。εHf（t）值<0,TDM1值为2038 ~ 2218Ma,TDM2值为2250 ~ 2516Ma,说明岩浆源区物质与富集地幔有关或受到过地壳物质的混染。因此,任家滩-荞麦山岩体是由地幔玄武质岩浆与地壳基底太华杂岩形成的中酸性花岗质岩浆混合后形成的熔体,经强烈的结晶分异作用形成的,其形成于陆内裂谷的构造环境,是华北克拉通南缘对哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的响应。     

河南方城大庄铌-稀土矿床碱性正长岩成矿机理研究

【研究目的】河南方城大庄是新探明的中型铌-稀土矿床（Nb₂O₃资源量16245 t;伴生TRE₂O₃资源量30147 t）,矿体主要赋存在碱性正长岩内。【研究方法】本文在野外地质调查基础上,对含矿碱性正长岩与无矿碱性正长岩开展了岩石学、岩相学和地球化学的对比研究。【研究结果】研究结果表明,含矿与无矿碱性正长岩均富碱、富铝,为典型的A型花岗岩,两类岩石的碱金属含量无明显差别,但（Na₂O+K₂O）/CaO、FeO^*/MgO、K₂O/MgO等参数明显不同。含矿碱性正长岩高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ce、U、Th、Zr、Y明显富集,Ba、Sr、P、Eu明显亏损;无矿碱性正长岩大离子亲石元素Rb、高场强元素Nb、Ta、Y和Th元素明显富集,而Ba、U、Sr、P、Ti和重稀土元素明显亏损,但亏损程度低于含矿碱性正长岩。【结论】方城大庄含矿碱性正长岩不是无矿碱性正长岩热液蚀变（钠长石化）的结果,二者应是同一岩浆体系不同演化阶段溶体固结的产物,含矿碱性正长岩的分异演化程度明显高于无矿化的碱性正长岩。方城大庄稀有稀土元素的富集与岩浆高演化、分异过程密切相关。这一研究可为区域找矿勘查提供一定的地质依据。创新点：岩石学和地球化学对比研究显示大庄Nb-REE矿中含矿碱性正长岩具有比无矿岩体更高的演化程度,表明成矿元素的富集与岩浆高分异演化密切相关,为找矿勘查提供了一定的岩石学证据。     

东秦岭磨沟碱性岩体年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

河南嵩县磨沟碱性岩体位于华北陆块南缘,其主体岩性为霓辉正长岩,局部出露正长岩和少量似斑状(霓辉)正长岩,发育岩浆暗色包体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,霓辉正长岩和正长岩成岩年龄分别为210.4±2.0Ma(MSWD=0.39)和237.6±2.9Ma(MSWD=0.95),结合前人研究成果,认为该岩体是中三叠世和晚三叠世两期岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,霓辉正长岩的σ值为8.93~11.08,K2O含量为10.70%~13.76%,K2O/Na2O值为3.87~10.35,属于过碱性岩石系列的钾质碱性岩;在微量元素组成上,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有弱或不明显的负铕异常。在同位素组成上,霓辉正长岩具有偏高的、变化范围很大的(87Sr/86Sr)i值和显著偏低的εNd(t)值;锆石的εHf(t)值变化于-21.6~-4.5之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄为1 555~2 629 Ma。磨沟岩体是由含金云母的富集地幔部分熔融产生的幔源岩浆与壳源岩浆混合并经一定程度的分异演化形成的,岩石中高含量的K来源于这种含金云母的富集地幔。磨沟岩体早期岩浆活动发生于秦岭造山带主碰撞峰期的局部伸展环境,晚期岩浆活动则发生于后碰撞伸展环境。     

粤中早白垩世亚髻山正长质杂岩体的成分分异及岩石成因

华南的碱性岩浆往往以小岩株形式侵位于早期花岗岩中,指示了伸展拉张的大地构造背景。本文通过对华南代表性的碱性岩体——粤中亚髻山正长质杂岩体不同相带岩石的研究,发现它们可按照岩性和成分的差异划分三组,其成因与岩浆过程和岩浆期后流体作用密切相关。化学成分上,三组的差异体现在:1)Group 1显示最低的Si O2(59.37%~64.10%)、K2O/Na2O(0.70~1.11)、I Sr值(0.70741~0.710032)、t2DM模式年龄(1.0~1.1Ga),最高的Al2O3(17.30%~19.18%)、全碱(K2O+Na2O:11.13%~13.76%)、εNd(t)值(-1.6~-0.9)和碱性-过碱性、准铝质特征;稀土配分曲线呈明显右倾,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,表现出Ba、Ti、Sr和P负异常;具有球粒陨石质Nb/Ta比值(平均为19.6)和超球粒陨石值Zr/Hf比值(平均为47.1);2)Group 2显示最高的Ti O2(0.47%~0.49%)、Mg O(0.98%~1.07%)、P2O5(0.15%~0.16%)、K2O/Na2O(2.57~6.69)和中等低的I Sr(0.70845)、εNd(t)值(-7.9~-7.8),具有强过铝质且碱性-钙碱性过渡的特征;稀土配分曲线呈明显右倾,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,表现出Nb-Ta、LREE、P和Ti负异常;其Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值均近似于平均陆壳(平均值分别为11.6和36.3);3)Group 3具有最低的镁铁质含量、Al2O3(13.00%~13.16%)、εNd(t)值(-8.3)和最高的Si O2(77.50%~76.54%)、I Sr(0.72563)以及与过渡带相似的t2DM模式年龄(1.6Ga),总体显示碱性、强过铝质的特征;稀土配分曲线近似于"海鸥形",Eu异常明显,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,显示Ba、Nb、LREE、Sr、P、Ti负异常和Rb、Th、U、Ta、Pb正异常。其Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值均远低于平均陆壳(平均值分别为3.0和18.5)。Group 3中锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得了2个加权平均年龄,即140.9±1.4Ma(MSWD=2.0)和141.4±0.9Ma(MSWD=1.6),与之前报道的Group 1的形成时代一致,表明它们都是早白垩世同一次岩浆作用的产物。这些成分的差异也体现在岩石成因类型判别上,结果显示Group 1属于A型岩套中典型的A1型亚类,而Group 2和Group 3显示似是而非的类型,比如,Group 2具有A型向I型过渡的特征,Group 3则既具有高演化花岗岩的特征,又类似于铝质A型花岗岩。基于Sr-Nd同位素和主、微量元素成分特征,我们认为亚髻山正长质杂岩体中的Group 1形成自富集的上地幔分异的硅不饱和碱性岩浆,较少陆壳物质混染;Group 2岩石则是硅不饱和碱性岩浆在侵位过程中大比例同化混染了外围的佛冈花岗岩而成;而Group 3岩石则是Group 2岩浆发生长石、钛铁矿、磷灰石等矿物分离结晶后再与富氟流体发生显著的相互作用而形成。因此,杂岩体各组岩石成分的明显差异,是碱性岩浆与围岩同化混染及后期流体改造、分异的结果。这进一步暗示诸多似是而非岩石类型的花岗岩,其岩浆过程及其后的流体交代对于其源区岩浆的地球化学特征的影响不容忽视;而这些过程很可能对于一些碱性火成岩及中酸性岩岩体的成分环带的形成及成矿作用具有至关重要的意义。