Research Approaches for Understanding,Enhancing, and Monitoring Community Resilience

The growing interest in the understanding of community resilience suggests a need for improving research approaches. This article reviews methods used to date, and suggests opportunities for expanding the range and efficacy of approaches used to understand, improve, and monitor the coupled social and ecological aspects of community resilience. We explore three potential foci: research approaches that enhance understanding of community resilience; those that help to improve community resilience through the research process; and the further development of methods to guide monitoring. Most studies have relied on mixed and multistaged methods, including in-depth interviews and case studies. We comment on the wide range of approaches used, and suggest others that could be valuable. There is particular scope for greater use of cumulative studies, historical or retrospective studies, participatory methods, and systems approaches, and a need for more methods that explore the coupling of social and ecological dimensions.     

The Social Nature of Participatory Ecological Monitoring

Participatory ecological monitoring brings together conservationists and members of the public to collect data about changes in nature. This article scrutinizes the “social nature” of such monitoring, considering not only its impacts for nature, but also society, and importantly the ways in which these interact. Drawing on the field of nature–society studies we present a framework with which to explore case studies from the community forests of Nepal. We document the importance of multiple knowledges of nature, including what is referred to as “local monitoring” and its relation to the scientific procedures promoted in participatory monitoring; the consequences of participatory monitoring as a situated and embodied practice, such that it may (re)produce social inequalities; and the place of monitoring within the wider socioecological regime, with regard to possible unintended consequences for both nature and society. This article thus expands our understanding of the complexities of this increasingly popular approach to conservation.     

Earth,Wind, and Fire: Wildfire Risk Perceptions in a Hurricane-Prone Environment

Wildfire is one of several potential disturbances that could have extraordinary impacts on individuals and communities in fire-prone areas. In this article we describe disturbance risk perceptions from interviews with residents in three Florida communities that face significant wildfire and hurricane risk. Although they live in areas characterized by emergency managers as having high wildfire risk and many participants have direct experience with wildfire, residents tended to share high hurricane and low wildfire risk perceptions. The different perceptions of risk seem linked to several factors: direct hurricane experience, different scales of impact, the local “hurricane culture,” effectiveness of local ordinances and development patterns, perceived predictability of the event, and perceived ability to control the event. This study shows that residents may perceive and act to reduce risk for one disturbance in relation to their perceptions, concern, and actions for another.     

城市地震预警误报的社会影响与措施研究

通过对国内外有关地震预警、震时人们心理和行为的文献和试验研究成果的综合分析,结合我国的实际情况,当城市地震预警系统出现误报后,对于社会可能产生的负面影响和潜在的积极影响进行了讨论,并提出相应的措施以减小误报可能产生的负面影响。     

基于社会多媒体内容的用户建模应用研究

随着互联网和社会媒体平台的发展,社会媒体吸引着数以亿计的用户参与其中进行创造和分享信息,产生了海量的文本、图像、音频和视频数据.面对这些数量巨大、异构多源、模态复杂的社会多媒体内容数据,如何对其进行有效的内容理解和知识表示,从而为用户提供更高效、优质的服务,成为实现社会媒体大数据价值的关键.本文对近年来在社会多媒体内容分析、知识提取和表示以及用户建模应用的相关研究展开综述,并针对社会多媒体特征融合、跨模态知识提取与表示,以及基于社会媒体的用户建模相关应用研究三个方面进行详细总结.随后对社会多媒体内容的知识表示和用户建模的研究与应用的发展趋势进行介绍,最后对多媒体知识表示与用户建模研究进行了总结和展望.     

中国城市新移民的“乡缘社区”：特征、机制与空间性——以广州“湖北村”为例

运用质性研究方法,以广州＂湖北村＂为例,对中国快速城市化下＂乡缘社区＂的演进过程、特征、形成机制与空间性进行研究。研究表明：＂湖北村＂总体上呈现产业结构专业化、族群构成同质化和阶层构成异质化等三方面特征;基于嵌入族群关系的生产网络和雇工网络,产生了具有湖北地域特色的亚文化区。＂湖北村＂已经成为湖北移民经济资本循环的核心...     

质性方法在城市社会空间研究中的应用

质性研究是在后现代主义思潮背景下产生的,主要采用深度访谈、参与式观察等方法,强调与被调查者间的互动,通过“深描”来建构“扎根理论”。西方学者较为重视在城市社会空间研究中运用质性方法,而国内的城市社会空间研究目前仍偏重于运用统计数据开展分析,对作为微观主体的“人”重视不够,导致对城市社会空间演化机制的剖析缺乏力度。本文结...     

社会性网络服务社区中人际节点空间分布特征及地缘因素分析

以开心网15个大学群为案例,应用信息熵和度分布两种方法,研究了社会性网络服务社区中人际节点空间分布特征及其地缘因素的影响。人际节点是以＂好友＂关系建立的链接来表达的,研究数据包括通过＂成员＂体现的好友和通过＂话题＂体现的好友2个层次,以便可以将虚拟的可能关系变为虚拟现实的确定关系。研究结果如下：①各大学群中好友空间分布...     

社会可持续发展应倡导“以自然为本”

从自然哲学的视角提出"以自然为本"的理论命题,对"以自然为本"的理念进行哲学思辨,对"以人为本"观点的局限进行理论反思,论述了"以自然为本"与"以人为本"的辩证关系。认为"以自然为本"与"以人为本"这两种观点相反相成,二者是一种互补互动的辩证关系。"以自然为本"是"以人为本"的基础和前提,在特定的条件下,这两种原则都应坚持,不能偏颇,二者共同形成正确促进资源开发与社会发展的必要张力。在涉及人与社会关系的活动中,理应倡导"以人为本";在涉及人与自然关系的活动中特别是社会可持续发展问题上,还是倡导"以自然为本"为好。     

The progress in urban social spactial differentiation study of China

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