用方差体技术识别小断层及裂隙发育带

为了提高煤田开采的效率,准确、快速地确定断层和裂隙发育带已迫在眉睫。而三维方差体技术突出了地层横向变化对地震道的影响,能够对三维地震地质信息进行提取,还可用于识别断层、裂隙及地层的不连续变化。这里介绍了三维方差体技术的原理及基本算法,并在山东某采区三维地震资料的解释工作中进行了实际应用。结果表明,方差体技术对断层、裂隙发育带等地质异常体具有良好的识别效果。     

A BAROTROPIC QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL WITH LARGE-SCALE TOPOGRAPHY, FRICTION AND HEATING

Based on the barotropic equations including large-scale topography, friction and heat factor, a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model with large-scale topography, friction and heating is obtained by means of scale analysis and small parameter method. It is shown that this equation is a basic one, which is used to study the influence of the Tibetan Plateau on the large-scale flow in the atmosphere. If the friction and heating effect of large-scale topography are neglected, this model will degenerate to the general barotropic quasi-geostrophic one.     

Spatial and temporal variability of event runoff characteristics in a small agricultural catchment

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that control event runoff characteristics at the small catchment scale. The study area is the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Lower Austria. Event runoff coefficient (Rc), recession time constant (Tc) and peak discharge (Qp) are estimated from hourly discharge and precipitation data for 298 events in the period 2013–2015. The results show that the Rc and their variability tend to be largest for the tile drainages (mean Rc = 0.09) and the main outlet (mean Rc = 0.08) showing larger Rc in January/February and smaller Rc in July/August. Tc does not vary much between the systems and tends to be largest at the main outlet (mean Tc = 6.5 h) and smallest for the tile drainages (mean Tc = 4.5 h). Groundwater levels explain the temporal variability of Rc and Tc more than soil moisture or precipitation, suggesting a role of shallow flow paths.     

TRANSPORT PLANNING FOR NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT:EXPERIENCE OF HONG KONG

l.TheNewTowllsofHongKo11gInanattempttotestifytheintimateandvitalrelationshipbetweennewtownsandthemetroPOlitanarea,andtheil1teractingrolesbetweentheplanningandprovisionofpublictransPOrtfacilitiesontheonehand,andthechangingfunctionsofnewtownsontheother,thispaperpresentssomeexperiencegainedinastudyofnewtowntransportplaninnginHongKong.HongKonghasatotallandareaofabout1o74kinandwasinhabitedbyabout5.9millionPeopleinl992.About77percentofthemlivedinthemetroPOlitanarea.TheeconomicsystemofHongKong…     

Changing Business Opportunities: The Geography Of Rapidly Growing Small U.S. Private Firms, 1982–1992*

The objective of this paper is to analyze the changing geography of the 500 fastest growing small, private companies, as defined by Inc magazine, in the United States from 1982 to 1992. The study focuses on rates of formation of these firms within types of metropolitan region, the impact of economic restructuring, and the locational dynamics of companies within the fastest growing economic sectors. Results suggest that there is little regional or hierarchical logic to the distribution of the firms, that the influence of economic restructuring is clearly evident, and that new rapidly growing high-technology firms are highly concentrated in San Francisco and Los Angeles, while higher-order service firms are dispersing down the urban hierarchy.     

四川紫坪铺地区平均应力场

本文利用有关作者对中国及四川地壳和上地幔速度结构的研究成果,根据《四川地震台网观测报告》(1982—1988年),挑选出震中落在四川紫坪铺(ZPPS)区域内(29.5—32.5°N,102—105°E)的M_L≥2.0,且精度在C类以上的小地震的初动符号,然后分4个工作区,分别求其平均应力场。结果表明,虽然这4个工作区内的平均应力场比较复杂,但其P轴却都接近水平,而且每个工作区内的平均应力场又都与各该区内较大地震的发震应力场比较一致。此外,这4个工作区的构造形变似乎也有规律性的变化。     

安徽北部地区小口径地质调查井施工技术研究

皖亳地1井是部署在安徽省亳州市谯城区境内的一口油气调查井,该井旨在通过钻探、录井、测井等工作方法查明安徽亳州地区地层层序及发育特征,获取寒武系储层物性及含油气性等评价参数。本文详细介绍了该井的地质概况、钻探施工技术及施工中遇到的难题,并提出了针对性解决方案,圆满完成了各项施工任务,可为国内同类型小口径地质调查井施工提供经验及借鉴。     

库区城镇滑坡涌浪风险评价与减灾研究

强烈的人类工程扰动和水库蓄水作用导致地质灾害高易发区的水库城镇大多存在滑坡涌浪风险;以往灾难性案例较多,危害巨大.本文构建了以潜在涌浪源调查、变形破坏研究、涌浪危险性分析、脆弱性调查、风险评价和减灾对策分析等六个步骤为主的山区水库城镇滑坡涌浪风险评价技术框架流程.以三峡库区巫山县城为例,遴选离县城最近的龙门寨危岩体进行技术示范.该柱状危岩体体积约30.4×104 m3,当前处于欠稳定—基本稳定状态.颗粒-流体耦合数值模型分析显示在145 m和175 m水位工况下危岩体崩塌将分别产生最大约17.9 m和11.6 m的涌浪.巫山县城密集的码头船只和频繁的旅游船是主要承灾体.旅游船只暴露涌浪中的概率为3.4×10-4/a,超过可接受风险限值.景区码头和古城码头因涌浪而导致的潜在直接经济损失大(超过200万),县城各大码头趸船人员具有高—极高风险.针对当前案例,讨论了四种具体减灾方案.相关研究可为山区水库城镇防灾减灾提供技术支撑和借鉴.     

试论主要类型矿床的形成深度与最大延深垂幅

在大量典型矿床实地调查和国内外综合对比研究的基础上,基于深部找矿的现实需要和存在问题,本文首先回顾评述了主要矿床类型的原始成矿深度,按受控于中下地壳尺度大规模岩浆堆积体的超深成岩浆矿床与受控于流体渗透率制约的中上地壳深成、中成和浅成岩浆热液矿床序列展开。在此基础上尝试探讨主要类型矿床的最大延深垂幅,探讨分析了以Bushveld层状岩体和Voisey’s Bay小岩体为代表的铜镍矿床、驱龙为代表的斑岩铜矿床、Muruntau为代表的造山型金矿、胶东金矿省的已控制延深垂幅、剥蚀程度以及深部可能的延深空间。内生矿床系统具有很宽的成矿深度范围,大型层状岩体的成矿深度可逾20 km,最大矿化垂直延深幅度可达6~8 km。岩浆热液矿床的最大成矿深度以地壳尺度流体渗透的下限为底界,其中造山型金矿床成矿深度最大(约12~15 km),伟晶岩和花岗岩型矿床次之,斑岩型矿床居中(约2~6 km),浅成低温金银矿床深度最浅(1 km至近地表);相应的最大延深垂幅则依次可达4~7 km、2~3 km和1 km。评述了高渗透性的聚矿构造空间、成矿作用顶峰、合适的矿床保存条件等控制因素及部分标志。并对如何确定合理统一的成岩成矿深度(压力)的估算方法以及确定最大成矿深度与矿化体系最大延深幅度的理论依据、判断标志、综合辨识方法体系等未来研究方向进行了展望。     

利用地下管线探测点进行区域三维模拟

作为一种直观的成果展示方式,三维模拟已经成为地下管线信息系统的必备工具。但是良好的三维显示效果需要高成本的DEM数据支撑,导致三维模拟的实施存在困难。文中探索以道路为参考依据,利用地下管线的点位探测数据进行概略内插计算,以最小代价实现小区域范围的地下管线、道路甚至地面构筑物的三维模拟显示和数据集成。