大型地下洞室高边墙的拉应变准则研究

高地应力等复杂环境下大跨度地下洞室群开挖容易诱发高边墙的脆性拉裂破坏,在Mohr-Coulomb准则基础之上,基于拉应变准则,提出大型地下厂房高边墙破坏的复合拉剪屈服准则。根据弹塑性理论,张拉和剪切屈服分别采用相关联和非相关联的塑性流动法则,详细推导了该准则在有限差分法中的计算格式,并对张拉和剪切屈服面的应力空间进行了分界。利用C语言程序编写的动态链接库文件,实现了该准则在通用软件的科学仿真计算。以高应力地区的拉西瓦水电站地下厂房为工程实例,与FLAC3D自带的拉剪屈服准则相比,基于拉应变准则的计算结果表明,大跨度高边墙拉破坏明显,塑性区以及应力松弛区的面积更小,能合理描述硬岩高边墙的脆性拉裂破坏特征。大型硬岩地下洞室群的计算分析验证了该准则的合理性和实用性     

基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的应变软化模型在隧道工程中的应用

基于Hoek-Brown强度准则及量化GSI围岩评级系统,分析岩体强度弱化行为,总结出确定岩体峰值及峰后强度参数的方法,提出应变软化模型的简化计算方法,并以FLAC3D数值模拟软件为工具,采用收敛-约束法对深埋大断面隧道支护结构及围岩稳定性进行分析,计算出支护结构安全系数。通过分析得出：随着围岩应力释放,岩体软化参数随之减小,岩体强度弱化行为突出;高地质强度GSI指标（GSI=75）的岩体虽然强度弱化程度较大,但围岩的变形量仍然较小,而低GSI指标（GSI=25）的岩体表现出了理想弹塑性行为;提出的简化Hoek-Brown应变软化模型适合应用于隧道中岩质相近区段围岩的研究;采用收敛-约束法对隧道支护结构的稳定性进行分析,可为隧道工程的初期支护优化设计及安全性评价提供参考。     

Strain distribution within a km-scale,mid-crustal shear zone: The Kuckaus Mylonite Zone,Namibia

The subvertical Kuckaus Mylonite Zone (KMZ) is a km-wide, crustal-scale, Proterozoic, dextral strike-slip shear zone in the Aus granulite terrain, SW Namibia. The KMZ was active under retrograde, amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions, and deformed felsic (and minor mafic) gneisses which had previously experienced granulite facies metamorphism during the Namaqua Orogeny. Lenses of pre- to syn-tectonic leucogranite bodies are also deformed in the shear zone. Pre-KMZ deformation (D₁) is preserved as moderately dipping gneissic foliations and tightly folded migmatitic layering. Shear strain within the KMZ is heterogeneous, and the shear zone comprises anastomosing high strain ultramylonite zones wrapping around less deformed to nearly undeformed lozenges. Strain is localized along the edge of leucogranites and between gneissic lozenges preserving D₁ migmatitic foliations. Strain localization appears controlled by pre-existing foliations, grain size, and compositional anisotropy between leucogranite and granulite. The local presence of retrograde minerals indicate that fluid infiltration occurred in places, but most ultramylonite in the KMZ is free of retrograde minerals. In particular, rock composition and D₁ fabric heterogeneity are highlighted as major contributors to the strain distribution in time and space, with deformation localization along planes of rheological contrast and along pre-existing foliations. Therefore, the spatial distribution of strain in crustal-scale ductile shear zones may be highly dependent on lithology and the orientation of pre-existing fabric elements. In addition, foliation development and grain size reduction in high strain zones further localizes strain during progressive shear, maintaining the anastomosing shear zone network established by the pre-existing heterogeneity.     

Limited flow characteristics of sand with fines under cyclic loading

Experimental studies on a sand with a well-graded low plasticity fines were conducted to study a number of issues related to limited flow. Cyclic behaviour in relation to instability and limited flow are compared with corresponding monotonic behaviour. A single set of rules for a range of fines contents was proposed to correlate cyclic and monotonic behaviour.     

Numerically observed shear bands in soft sensitive clays

The numerical challenges that arise in modelling shear bands in soft sensitive (SS) clays have not yet been fully resolved. Convincing and well-accepted solutions have yet to be found. This paper presents some novel information related to the shear band phenomenon in SS clays. In this study, the hypothesis is that the generation and dissipation of excess pore pressure from shear bands could regularise the strain softening and result in a mesh independent shear band thickness. The generation and dissipation of excess pressure is modelled by a coupled consolidation process. The simulation aims at modelling two counteracting mechanisms in the SS clay. First, the shear band narrows because of strain softening. Second, the internal pore water pressure drainage reduces the rate of strain softening. This counteracting mechanism provides an inherent regularisation technique for SS clays. This study presents some numerical results involving these two counteracting mechanisms. This study also shows that an inherent internal parameter applicable for SS clays can be defined by the ratio between soil permeability and the applied strain rate. In the case of SS clays, the range of this parameter varies from 0 to 0.0002 mm.     

平面应变下结构性对黄土基坑稳定性的影响

鉴于以往很少考虑黄土结构性对基坑开挖的影响,针对目前普遍存在的基坑稳定性问题,开展室内平面应变条件下的真三轴试验,建立黄土结构性与强度之间关系,通过FISH语言将其引入到基坑开挖数值模拟中,分析结构性对基坑开挖的影响。研究表明,结构性参数与强度指标的变化规律与以往研究结果基本一致,表现为结构性参数与黏聚力呈双曲线关系,但参数略有不同,其受摩擦角的影响较小;结构性影响下基坑侧壁出现明显滑带,且此时连续墙的侧向位移大于不考虑其影响时的位移,坑底隆起量亦如此。研究结果对黄土基坑工程的设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。     

北京一号小卫星图像镶嵌处理技术研究

介绍北京一号小卫星数据的特点及应用情况,分析了卫星图像镶嵌处理技术流程,对其中的技术难点,如去条带处理、几何校正、图像拼接及色彩平衡等进行了重点探讨并提出解决办法。利用北京一号小卫星数据将两幅多光谱影像进行了镶嵌处理,得到了一幅覆盖整个研究区的新影像,镶嵌影像色彩丰富、层次感好、信息量大。     

高应变法在判定大直径灌注桩缺陷中的应用

测试数据准确可靠的高应变法检测,能够定量分析基桩缺陷,准确判定缺陷位置。通过工程桩的低应变法和高应变法对桩身完整性判定分析的工程实例,结合钻芯法验证,总结高应变法在不同情况下对桩身完整性的评定。     

初始主应力方向对钙质砂动力特性影响的试验研究

利用大连理工大学的土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转动多能剪切仪对相对密度为30 %的钙质砂进行了扭转和竖向循环耦合试验,探讨了初始主应力方向角 对钙质砂动强度和残余应变发展的影响。试验结果表明： 对钙质砂的动强度、残余应变发展的影响非常明显,随着 的增大,钙质砂的动强度显著减小,而残余应变的发展速度则明显加快。     

微量相X射线衍射定量分析的一种简便方法

阐述了关于微量相X射线衍射定量分析的一种简便方法———近似线性关系法,它适用于二相体系(或基体吸收系数基本恒定的多相体系)材料中微量相的定量分析。该方法不需要在待测样品中加入参考物相,分析时仅需对一条衍射线进行测定,因而分析时间很短,其测定结果与实际含量的相对误差为-10.2%～ 21.4%,与外标法和内标法的测量结果的精度相当。