Vulnerable groups and preliminary insights into intersecting categories of identity in Laamu Atoll,Maldives

The notion of vulnerability has acquired a significant role in discussions around reducing risk and identifying vulnerable groups, which is particularly important for targeting risk‐reducing policy and practice. Through ten semi‐structured interviews with 24 stakeholders, this study collected local perceptions on the following groups considered most vulnerable in Laamu Atoll, Maldives: youth and children, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, displaced persons and migrants, and farmers. In doing this, the significance of intersecting categories of identity for understanding vulnerability emerged and was explored; an approach that is often absent or scarcely applied in studies that identify vulnerable groups in the Maldives and elsewhere. Intersections between location, youth and gender or disability, as well as gender and marital status emerged as relevant for the Laamu Atoll context. Although this study acknowledges the incompleteness of its intersectional analysis, these findings provide important preliminary insights into the role of intersectionality in shaping vulnerability experience. To enhance scholarship on vulnerability, future studies could further explore intersectionality in Laamu Atoll and the Maldives using this study as a base and also improve its practical applicability for policy and practice.     

Spatio-temporal variability of small fishes related with environmental factors in a typical domestic tap water lake,Eastern China

The knowledge of prey small ?sh stock, distribution and abundance is necessary to guide stocking of piscivorous ?sh for the biomanipulation in domestic tap water lakes. This study describes the current status of small ?sh community in Kuilei Lake(China), and examines the spatial and seasonal variations of the community in relation to key environmental factors. Based on submerged macrophyte cover and water depth, the lake was divided into ?ve major habitats:(1) macrophyte covered shallow habitat of water depth< 2.00 m,(2) uncovered or less-covered shallow habitat(2.00 m–3.50 m),(3) uncovered medium shallow habitat(3.50 m–5.00 m),(4) uncovered medium deep habitat(5.00 m–6.50 m) and(5) uncovered deep habitat(6.50 m–8.50 m). The abundance and composition of small ?sh were monitored by benthic fykenet sampling from April 2013 to January 2014. A total of 2881 individuals belonging to 5 families and 21 species were collected. Based on their abundance(accounted for 88.96% of the total) and occurrence(more than 33.33%), Acheilognathus chankaensis, Acheilognathus macropterus, Microphysogobio microstomus,Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius giurinus were recognized as dominant small ?sh species. The results of correlation analysis identi?ed that species richness( Sr), Shannon-Wiener diversity index( H′)and Margalef′s richness index( D) were signi?cantly negatively correlated with water depth, but positively correlated with biomass of submerged macrophytes.Redundancy analysis(RDA) revealed that the spatial distributions of most small ?shes were negatively associated with water depth. The details of these ?ndings are bene?cial to understanding the adaptation of the small ?shes in degraded environments, and to developing suitable biomanipulation strategies for the management of ?sh resources and water quality in the lakes along the lower reach of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River basin.     

遥感监测下的渝东南小城镇镇区拓展特征探究

DUAN Songjiang     

小区域消费级无人机倾斜摄影像控点布设及建模精度研究

像控点布设是无人机倾斜摄影施测阶段的重要环节,直接决定后期三维实景模型的精度。本文面向校园等小区域环境,利用消费级单镜头多旋翼无人机航摄系统获取影像数据,重点设计了不同像控点布设方案,基于全自动数据处理系统进行空三加密及三维模型的构建,并对模型成果进行精度分析,为实际工作中小区域像控点的布设提供建议和指导。     

基于GPS速度场的云南地壳应力积累特征分析

利用2009~2015年的GPS水平运动速度场数据,解算云南地区的地壳应变场,在红河断裂与曲江断裂选取两个GPS剖面,计算并分析两个断裂的应变积累特征。结果显示：1）红河、曲江、小江等多个主要断裂应变场存在张、压交替的时空演化特征,近期曲江断裂南段表现为东西向拉张,红河断裂北段东西向拉张量值较大,约12.0×10-8/a,云南南部主要表现为NNE向的压性变化;2）从GPS剖面看,红河、曲江断裂在两个方向上均显示右旋走滑与拉张的变化特征,从量值上看,红河断裂北段运动速率较大,约8.90 mm/a。     

Structural Setting and Kinematic Analysis of the Halaban Region,Eastern Arabian Shield,Saudi Arabia

The vorticity analysis technique was applied to measure the different lithological units,such as schist,metagranite and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks,which are present in the Halaban region.This work aims to interpret the relationship between the different lithologies and the tectonic setting,in order to elucidate the nature of kinematic analysis in the Halaban region.The kinematic analyses were applied to feldspar porphyroclasts,quartz and hornblende for twentysix samples.The kinematic vorticity number (W_m) for deformed rocks in the study area ranged from～0.6 to 0.9.The direction of the long axes for finite strain data (X axes) revealed a WNW trend with shallow dipping.The direction of the short axes for finite strain data (Z axes) were represented by vertical with associated horizontal foliation.The results of the kinematic vorticity and strain analyses are characterized by simple shear with different degrees of deformation in the Halaban region.Furthermore,our finite strain data shows no significant volume change during deformation.The subhorizontal foliation was synchronized with thrusting and deformation.Furthermore,throughout the overlying nappes,the same attitudes of tectonic contacts are observable,the nappes in the orogens being formed from simple shear deformation.     

西太平洋台风对上海地区钻孔应变的低频扰动特征分析

基于上海佘山台四分量钻孔应变仪在6次西太平洋台风期间的观测记录,利用小波分解、优势振动方向等处理方法提取出台风所激发的显著低频扰动信号,并详细分析扰动信号在时频域及空间域的表现特性.结果显示:在低频区间,台风激发的扰动信号优势周期为2～4 min,信号能量随台风进程而变化,并主要与台风量级、台风中心的位置(海上或陆域)...     

地震荷载下土层变形等级预测方法研究

以计算结果可靠的土层反应结果为基础数据,基于随机森林算法(Random Forest,简称"RF"),建立地震动、场地土层参数特征量与土层变形特征的关系,提出一种依据常规地震动和场地土层参数为特征量的地震荷载下土层变形等级预测新方法,给出了典型场地土体发生大应变的地震动阈值.结果表明:基于RF模型对土体的变形程度预测结...     

2004年印尼8.7级强震前昌黎台的远场电性异常特征探讨

分析了在2004年12月26日印尼8.7级地震前河北昌黎台记录到的自然电位及电场异常, 结果显示昌黎台自电位、 电场正常时段观测到的半日、 半月潮汐波周期变化在震前1个多月发生畸变, 周期消失, 变化幅度相应减小, 震后快速恢复, 且潮汐波记录比震前正常时段更加清晰。 该台地电阻率的观测结果显示起始下降变化比较平缓, 震前一周左右, 变化加剧, 出现多次阶变。 究其原因, 在强震发生前断层的蠕滑作用导致孔隙压力变化, 产生一种可以在岩石中传播的应变波, 由于台站下方岩土层对小应变信号具有很好的放大作用, 所以记录到了这种小幅度的应变波, 也就是远场的静态应变效应。 随着地震临近, 应力作用加强, 远程应变波引起台站下方水位、 水化学性质以及岩石孔隙度、 渗透率等的改变, 导致电阻率、 电场大幅度的阶变, 这反映了远场应变波的动态效应。 当然就异常幅度而言, 应变波的效应还嫌弱一些, 因此昌黎台异常变化可能还叠加了震源区激发的电磁波。     

用GPS时间序列获取中国大陆微动态应变场

基于中国大陆GPS观测在国际地球参考框架（ITRF）获得的站点位置,由三角形法通过反演逐年推算中国大陆年微动态应变场. 结果显示,研究区年微动态应变场大致以南北地震带为界. 西部地区存在方向大体一致的年主压应变优势分布方向, 方向自西向东、 由近南北向转为北东向,与近代应变场的方向一致,表明西部地区变形主要是由印度板块向北推进和西伯利亚地块相对南推形成的,且整体上仍是新构造运动的继承;东部大部分地区不存在年主应变的优势分布方向.年最大剪应变在不同地区差别很大,变化范围从4.13times;10-8~7.0times;10-10, 总体上西部大于东部. 同一区域年最大剪应变的多年变化表明,西部变化大,东部变化平缓. 年面膨胀显示,研究区大部分为压缩区,且同一区域的多年变化平缓.