考虑动态泥膜效应的盾构开挖面稳定理论研究

泥水盾构工法被广泛应用于高压富水复杂地质环境中修筑隧道,其中开挖面稳定控制是工程成败的关键,在盾构掘进时,由于刀盘不断旋转切削地层,开挖面上的泥膜处于“形成―破坏―再形成”的动态循环过程,泥膜透水性增强,这种动态泥膜作用下开挖面的稳定如何评价有待于进一步探索。对此,对泥水盾构掘进过程中的动态泥膜进行了分类,提出了考虑盾构运动和泥浆渗滤特征的动态泥膜理论。在此基础上,采用空间离散法将泥水压力引入旋转体模型,建立了考虑动态泥膜效应的开挖面稳定力学模型,提出了泥水盾构动态掘进过程中开挖面临界泥浆压力及泥浆支护效率评估方法,研究指出：当盾构在强渗透性地层中掘进时,在尽量提高泥浆成膜率的同时,应注重泥浆黏度调节,充分发挥渗透力支护作用,同时可适当提高盾构掘进速度并降低刀盘转速,有利于开挖面稳定控制。以泥浆成膜率、等效渗透系数为依据给出了泥浆支护效率设计图,研究工作对盾构掘进支护压力控制和泥浆配置有一定的借鉴意义。     

煤层气钻孔化学堵漏浆液的配制与试验

为解决山西某矿区煤层气钻孔漏失问题,选择合适的堵漏浆液。基于正交试验的设计方法,以低水解聚丙烯酰胺（PHP）、801堵漏剂、水玻璃和植物胶为堵漏材料制成堵漏浆液,测试了堵漏浆液的相对密度、失水量、塑性黏度、表观黏度、和动切力等指标,并采用极差法与方差法分析了各材料（因素）的显著性。研究表明：塑性黏度、表观黏度受PHP的影响最大,水玻璃对失水量影响最大,801堵漏剂对动切力影响最大。以较大的黏度和动切力及较低的失水量为评价依据,确定了堵漏浆液的最优配方。建立了最优配方堵漏浆液的流变方程,模拟试验测定堵漏浆液的堵漏性能,并通过4个煤层气钻孔工程实践验证了堵漏浆液的堵漏功效。     

复合地层土压平衡盾构滚刀磨损规律及切削距离寿命预测分析

软硬不均复合地层中地质条件频繁变化,盾构滚刀磨损加剧严重制约施工效率。为探索复合地层土压平衡盾构机滚刀耐磨蚀改进措施,准确预测复合地层土压平衡盾构滚刀的磨损量与切削距离寿命,本文采用统计回归法对广州地铁18号线工程ZDK30+433.76~ZDK31+150.61区间盾构滚刀更换情况及磨损量进行统计分析。通过利用滚刀磨损量以及盾构掘进参数得到了适用于软硬不均复合地层的滚刀磨耗系数K。根据磨耗系数K及相应的滚刀磨损计算模型,对复合地层中土压平衡盾构滚刀磨损量及切削距离寿命进行预测分析,从滚刀的设计制作、施工参数、现场监管和渣土改良4个方面提出了复合地层滚刀的耐磨蚀改进措施,并对土压平衡盾构掘进参数进行优化,提出了沙湾水道段的推荐刀盘转速值。该研究成果为广州地铁18号线工程及类似地层条件下盾构滚刀磨损预测及换刀时机选取提供了工程经验与理论依据。     

盾构机轴线方位角解算原理研究

以德国VMT公司的TMB制导系统SLS-T为例,主要解析了盾构机轴线方位角测量原理,并完整地推导了盾构机姿态参数公式。由于国外导向系统的核心原理不公开,因此本文的研究成果,为隧道施工工程技术人员深入理解激光导向系统原理以及开发国产的自动导向系统提供了理论基础。     

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.     

盾构隧道管片衬砌的平板壳-弹性铰-地基系统模型

从Reissner-Mindlin板单元入手,研究了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构之间的连接特征及土层与管片衬砌结构的共同作用,提出了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构的平板壳-弹性铰-地基系统模型,在此基础上研制了相应的有限元计算程序。该模型考虑了管片衬砌本身的弯曲、剪切和薄膜作用,考虑了纵向接缝在正负弯矩作用下的转动刚度差异和环向结缝对结构刚度的削弱作用,以及土层与衬砌结构的共同作用。能解决盾构隧道管片衬砌结构的三维受力分析,并能计算出结构的内力和变形,弥补了二维计算模型的某些不足。验证了程序的可靠性,最后给出了工程算例的三维计算分析结果。     

Interpretation of aeromagnetic data across the central crystalline shield area of Nigeria

Summary. A residual map of the total magnetic field (above 25 000 nT base) is presented for a portion of the central crystalline shield area of Nigeria and overlapping small portions of the Chad basin and the Benue rift (8°30'−12° 00'lat, and 7°−10°30' long). The map (based on a dataset digitized from recently released aeromagnetic sheets of Nigeria) leads to four results. (1) A magnetic boundary, evident on the map, separates the Younger Granite complexes into two groups. The groups are petrologically different, and the boundary may be a fault line with uplift to the south. (2) South of the boundary the map is dominated by a system of sub-parallel anomalies striking NE–SW, possibly representing major tectonic trends, and a set of fractures through which the Younger Granite complexes were intruded. The trend of the system parallels the Benue rift and lineaments in the oceanic crust off West Africa. (3) Negative magnetic anomalies lie over most of the known ring complexes, and over some suspected buried ring complexes and other intrusions. (4) 2½-and 3-D modelling shows that the larger complexes extend to 12 km depth, and the smaller ones to 6 km. They have nearly vertical sides, and magnetization contrasts range from 0.3 to 0.5 A m⁻¹.