钻（冲）孔灌注桩灌注质量的控制

钻（冲）孔灌注桩在灌注施工及成桩后常见的事故有堵管、卡管、埋管、桩身蜂窝、夹泥、混浆、露筋甚至断桩，通过对常见事故的分析找出其产生的根本原因，在灌注施工巾针对产生事故环节严格控制，从而避免事故发生。     

Choosing a municipal landfill site by analytic network process

In this study, analytic network process (ANP), one of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tools has been used to choose one of the four alternative landfill sites for the city of Eskisehir, Turkey. For this purpose, Super Decision Software has been used and benefit opportunity cost and risk (BOCR) analysis has been done to apply ANP. In BOCR analysis, each alternative site has been evaluated in terms of its benefits, costs and risks; the opportunity cluster has been examined under the benefit cluster. In this context, technical, economical and social assessments have been done for the site selection of sanitary landfill. Also, results have been compared with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) which is another MCDM technique used in the study conducted before. Finally, the current site has been determined as the most appropriate site in both methods. These methods have not been commonly used in the discipline of environmental engineering but it is believed to be an important contribution for decision makers.     

A new fractal modification of ultrasonic attenuation model for measuring particle size in mineral slurries

Weight percentages of different size incremental particles in a mineral slurry is integrated into the ultrasonic attenuation model to derive a relation between ultrasonic attenuation and particle sizes. However, in the inertial and scattering regimes of frequency–radius space, irregularity and aggregation of particles can results in values of ultrasonic attenuation that are significantly different from those predicted by the derived model, which is based on the assumption of separated smooth spherical particles in mineral slurries. Experimental attenuation data obtained previously from mineral slurries of iron ores particles are compared with predicted values. It is shown that there is a negligible difference between predictions and experimental data. A new modification of theoretical model for ultrasonic attenuation is derived. The theory uses ωτ_v or κR as a fractal scale. It requires an empirical determination of the difference between the fractal dimension of the measured mineral slurry and that of a hypothetical slurry of spheres with the same particle size distribution. The new fractal modification of ultrasonic attenuation model is found to enable better agreement with measured attenuation as a function concentration for irregular particles than the theoretical model. Moreover, the fractal approach is found to discriminate between the effects of particle irregularity and aggregation.     

Late stage thermal history of the Songliao Basin and its tectonic implications: Evidence from apatite fission track (AFT) analyses

Apatite Fission Track (AFT) data from the Songliao Basin indicates that the late stage tectonic movements in the Songliao Basin have zoning in space and episodes in time. The late stage tectonic movements started from the east part of the basin and migrated westward. AFT ages in the east part of the basin are older than those in the west part of the basin, suggesting that the uplift occurred earlier in the east than in the west. The denudation thickness in the east part of the basin is significantly greater than that in the centre and west. The thermal history evolved two episodes of rapid cooling and subsequent slow cooling processes. Age-depth relationship derived from the AFT data indicates a four-episode denudation history. Further Monte Carlo random simulation of the AFT data reveals the four changing points of the thermal evolution at 65 Ma, 43.5 Ma, 28 Ma and 15 Ma, respectively. The uplifting and denudation rates from different episodes of evolution are proportional to the plate convergence rate. Based on the above analyses and the regional geologic background, it is concluded that the late stage thermal events in the Songliao Basin are the far field response to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The first episode of the rapid cooling probably started at the end of the Nenjiang Formation, climaxed at the end of the Cretaceous and ceased at the Late Eocene. The subsequent slow cooling lasts another 15 Ma. The first episode of the evolution is the far field response to the major episode of the Yanshan Movement and subsequent series of the tectonic reorganization, especially the directional change of the Pacific Movement and also the subduction of the Indian Plate underneath the Eurasian Plate. While the second episode of the evolution is the far field response to the extension and closure of the Sea of Japan. Extension led to the migration and converging of the mantle heat flow to the Sea of Japan and resulted in the rapid cooling of the Songliao Basin.     

新形势下土地利用规划编制信息系统设计思路

针对上一轮规划存在的问题，提出了新形势下开发土地利用规划编制信息系统的必要性和设计思路，尤其把环境影响评价引入规划编制的过程中，为土地优化配置、合理利用土地提供了决策依据。     

Characteristics of fluid inclusions and metallogenic mechanism of the Longshang skarn type tin polymetallic deposit in eastern Hunan Province,ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

矽卡岩型锡矿是全球重要的锡金属来源,但是锡石沉淀成矿机制仍存在较大的争议。垄上矽卡岩型锡矿床位于湘东锡田锡多金属矿田中部,是南岭钨锡成矿带内矽卡岩型锡矿的典型代表。本文在野外考察、矿石矿相学、流体包裹体岩相学研究的基础上,采用流体包裹体组合法对垄上矽卡岩矿床不同矿化阶段代表矿物中的流体包裹体进行了详细研究。结果显示,垄上矽卡岩型多金属矿床成矿阶段可划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、云英岩-氧化物阶段、石英硫化物阶段以及萤石碳酸盐化等5个阶段,其中,锡石主要形成于云英岩-氧化物阶段。与锡石密切共生的石英中发育流体包裹体类型主要为富液相、富气相两相水溶液包裹体,含液相CO_(2)三相水溶液包裹体和纯CO_(2)型包裹体。流体温度和盐度具有较大的变化范围(200-400℃和2%-9%NaCleqv),指示流体在降温过程中经历了显著的不混溶。与硫化物共生的石英中主要为富液相两相水溶液包裹体,温度和盐度主要集中在190-261℃和3%-7%NaCleqv,指示流体冷却过程同时经历了流体混合。本次研究提出锡田矽卡岩型矿床中流体不混溶是导致云英岩-氧化物阶段锡石沉淀成矿的主要机制,而流体冷却和混合是导致硫化物沉淀的主要原因。     

Permo-Triassic stage of alkaline magmatism in the Vitim plateau (western Transbaikalia)

We present results of geochronological (⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar, U-Pb SHRIMP-II, and LA-ICP-MS) and geochemical studies of alkaline rocks of the Amalat, Sirikta, Tsipa, Pravyi Uligli, and Verkhnii Uligli massifs in the Vitim plateau (western Transbaikalia). The formation of the alkaline rocks and the accompanying albitization are dated at 261-242 Ma. The isotope inhomogeneity (?_Nd(T) = + 8.4 to -1.7) of the alkaline rocks indicates the heterogeneous composition of the source of their material, having a depleted component, an enriched juvenile metasomatic fluid, and a crustal substrate.     

渭河盆地河流阶地演化及其构造—气候意义

渭河盆地渭河及其各支流演化历史与区域构造、气候变化密切相关,因此盆地内各河流阶地的成因和演化是研究渭河盆地环境演变的重要科学问题。河流阶地之上黄土的磁性地层学被普遍用来获得盆地内河流阶地形成的年龄。尽管粉尘物质在第四纪以来覆盖了盆地大范围区域,河流阶地形成与粉尘物质最终保存在阶地之间可能还存在一定的时间差异。所以,尽管借鉴黄土—古土壤序列的区域对比,能够推断河流阶段的年代范围,仍需更多绝对年龄方法对其进行约束。本文通过渭河盆地内渭河不同支流河流阶地形成年代、拔河高度等的综合分析,结合大范围区域隆升过程及第四纪气候演化序列对比,发现并不是所有气候变化的重要节点就有相应的河流阶地形成,河流阶地年龄空间分布也有一定的区域性特征,提出渭河盆地河流演化与构造运动造成潜能及气候变化诱发这些潜能的释放密切相关。所以,渭河盆地河流阶地主要是在大范围的构造隆升和气候变化共同作用下的构造—气候旋回阶地。渭河盆地水系演化史的重建对全面认识黄河中游水系早期的形成演化具有重要意义,尤其是解决渭河、黄河贯通三门峡的争议,但还需要更多可靠的不同河流地质证据和多种分析数据的印证和约束。     

欧亚大陆东部白垩纪两期伸展穹隆构造及其动力学机制探讨

以变质核杂岩或伸展穹隆为代表的晚中生代伸展构造在欧亚大陆东部广泛发育。与北美西部的科迪勒拉型变质核杂岩既相似,又存在很大的不同。区域上可以进一步划分为次一级的伸展构造带,由北向南依次为泛贝加尔-蒙古-鄂霍茨克带、华北西部带、华北东部带、华北南缘及秦岭-大别带及华南中部带。与北美地区显著不同的是它们并非平行于俯冲带展布,而是呈面状分布于太平洋西部广大的地区,不仅发育在岩石圈薄弱带或造山带相关的构造单元之上,而且还发育在稳定的"克拉通"之上。这些穹隆构造记录了NW-SE向的区域伸展方向,构成了全球最大的伸展构造发育区。通过对各带伸展穹隆的结构样式、时空分布和发育过程的系统分析、归纳和总结,我们将这些伸展穹隆分为早晚两期。两期伸展构造所具有的不同特点决定了他们的动力学机制的不同。早期伸展构造发生在早白垩世早期,其具有"对称性"、"等时性"和"等深性"的特点,决定了其动力学机制以"沉坠"作用(foundering)为主导,是对华北克拉通破坏的峰期响应。晚期伸展构造形成时间为早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期,时空分布上具有向S或SW迁移的规律,或指示了古太平洋板块的俯冲回撤(roll-back)过程对欧亚大陆板块的渐次影响。     

稠油油藏蒸汽驱中后期剩余油分布特征及提高采收率方式研究

针对中国浅层及中深层稠油油藏,利用数值模拟研究方法,研究了不同稠油油藏的蒸汽驱开发规律和蒸汽驱中后期的剩余油分布特征,明确了稠油油藏蒸汽驱中后期的提高采收率方式。研究结果表明:浅层稠油油藏与中深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱的开发规律基本一致。驱替阶段生产效果好、产量高且稳定、油汽比高、含水率低;蒸汽突破后的开发阶段也是蒸汽驱开发的重要阶段,但是该阶段油汽比明显低于驱替阶段,表明该阶段蒸汽热效率明显降低。不同稠油油藏的剩余油分布特征类似,均表现出明显的垂向动用差异特征,即油层上部动用程度高,剩余油饱和度低,油层下部动用程度低,剩余油饱和度高,下部油层是剩余油挖潜的主要对象。从下到上逐层上返开发和多介质辅助是提高蒸汽驱中后期采收率的有效方式。研究结果对同类油藏开发具有重要意义。