北京西山南窖地区南东东110°～120°拉伸线理形成时间的年代学制约

本文简要报导位于北京西山房山岩体以西约15km左右的南窖闪长岩脉形成的锆石U-Pb年龄,以及区内变形岩层中同变形的白云母和绢云母矿物的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄。在野外构造研究、室内岩石及显微构造分析基础上,获得细粒闪长岩岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄为136±1Ma,并且该岩脉受到后期构造片理化的改造。区内变形岩层中所发育的南东东110°～120°矿物拉伸线理及相关的"褶叠层"中同变形的白云母、绢云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为133±1～127±1Ma。显然这些变形并非形成于三叠纪或"印支期",而是形成于大规模的向北西方向强烈的挤压变形之后,与相邻区域的岩浆热作用同期或稍晚。这些构造-热年代学证据对于区内构造格局的形成与演化是一个重要的约束。     

地面沉降根源分析与防治对策

地面沉降是普遍存在的一种地质灾害。人类经济社会的发展,尤其是城市化进程日趋加快,一些人类不合理的活动导致了地面沉降频繁发生,给生产、建设和人民生活造成极大的危害。要防治地面沉降发生,必须认清其产生的根源,方能收到药到病除的效果。本文采用归纳分析的方法,将地面沉降划分为5种类型,依据其产生的不同根源,有针对性地提出了预防和治理的措施。     

大庆徐家围子火山岩热释光特征与火山活动期次及岩性判别

热释光的用途很广,但在判断火山活动旋回(期次)以及火山岩类型鉴定方面,尚未涉及。本文通过对大庆徐家围子升深7和杨参1井岩石样品以及其他井部分火山岩样品的热释光特征的研究,发现:①升深7井中,顶部峰型和总积分强度近似,可指示为同期喷发产物;中下部热释光特征表现为“顶底韵律效应”,可能是较晚阶段的火山喷发物对前一阶段顶部有热改造而消耗了部分辐射积累。②杨参1井中根据热释光特征可划分2个旋回和4个期次。下部旋回发育双峰,主峰积分强度差别较大,可能指示底部为多源喷出产物(如多机构产物)混堆,小旋回产物之间叠加;主峰积分强度从下到上依次减小,反映了火山岩喷发强度的降低。上部旋回发育单峰,热释光积分强度相差不大,可能为一套同源产物。③升深7井中未发生明显蚀变作用的安山岩热释光特征相似而杨参1井中岩相均一、未蚀变的凝灰质岩热释光特征也很相似,这表明热释光特征技术应用于火山空落相岩石和火山熔岩岩性判别是有可能的。最后总结了火山岩热释光研究应注意的问题。     

铜同位素的分馏机制及其在矿床学研究中的应用

作为一种重要的成矿元素,铜广泛分布于不同地质体中,并广泛参与成岩成矿作用。近年来,由于同位素分析方法的改进和新一代多接收等离子质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)的应用,使得铜同位素的高精度测试成为现实,并已成为国际地学领域的一个前沿研究方向。铜同位素在自然界中具有较大的变化范围,δ65Cu值介于-3.03‰～5.74‰之间。本文介绍和评述了铜同位素的分析方法和可能的分馏机制,并根据已发表数据,重点讨论了铜同位素组成与成矿温度、矿化阶段和成矿物质来源的关系。认为铜同位素有可能作为一种灵敏的地球化学示踪剂,对指示成矿物质来源、成矿作用过程和矿床形成机理具有重要作用。     

钻（冲）孔灌注桩灌注质量的控制

钻（冲）孔灌注桩在灌注施工及成桩后常见的事故有堵管、卡管、埋管、桩身蜂窝、夹泥、混浆、露筋甚至断桩，通过对常见事故的分析找出其产生的根本原因，在灌注施工巾针对产生事故环节严格控制，从而避免事故发生。     

Choosing a municipal landfill site by analytic network process

In this study, analytic network process (ANP), one of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tools has been used to choose one of the four alternative landfill sites for the city of Eskisehir, Turkey. For this purpose, Super Decision Software has been used and benefit opportunity cost and risk (BOCR) analysis has been done to apply ANP. In BOCR analysis, each alternative site has been evaluated in terms of its benefits, costs and risks; the opportunity cluster has been examined under the benefit cluster. In this context, technical, economical and social assessments have been done for the site selection of sanitary landfill. Also, results have been compared with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) which is another MCDM technique used in the study conducted before. Finally, the current site has been determined as the most appropriate site in both methods. These methods have not been commonly used in the discipline of environmental engineering but it is believed to be an important contribution for decision makers.     

A new fractal modification of ultrasonic attenuation model for measuring particle size in mineral slurries

Weight percentages of different size incremental particles in a mineral slurry is integrated into the ultrasonic attenuation model to derive a relation between ultrasonic attenuation and particle sizes. However, in the inertial and scattering regimes of frequency–radius space, irregularity and aggregation of particles can results in values of ultrasonic attenuation that are significantly different from those predicted by the derived model, which is based on the assumption of separated smooth spherical particles in mineral slurries. Experimental attenuation data obtained previously from mineral slurries of iron ores particles are compared with predicted values. It is shown that there is a negligible difference between predictions and experimental data. A new modification of theoretical model for ultrasonic attenuation is derived. The theory uses ωτ_v or κR as a fractal scale. It requires an empirical determination of the difference between the fractal dimension of the measured mineral slurry and that of a hypothetical slurry of spheres with the same particle size distribution. The new fractal modification of ultrasonic attenuation model is found to enable better agreement with measured attenuation as a function concentration for irregular particles than the theoretical model. Moreover, the fractal approach is found to discriminate between the effects of particle irregularity and aggregation.     

Late stage thermal history of the Songliao Basin and its tectonic implications: Evidence from apatite fission track (AFT) analyses

Apatite Fission Track (AFT) data from the Songliao Basin indicates that the late stage tectonic movements in the Songliao Basin have zoning in space and episodes in time. The late stage tectonic movements started from the east part of the basin and migrated westward. AFT ages in the east part of the basin are older than those in the west part of the basin, suggesting that the uplift occurred earlier in the east than in the west. The denudation thickness in the east part of the basin is significantly greater than that in the centre and west. The thermal history evolved two episodes of rapid cooling and subsequent slow cooling processes. Age-depth relationship derived from the AFT data indicates a four-episode denudation history. Further Monte Carlo random simulation of the AFT data reveals the four changing points of the thermal evolution at 65 Ma, 43.5 Ma, 28 Ma and 15 Ma, respectively. The uplifting and denudation rates from different episodes of evolution are proportional to the plate convergence rate. Based on the above analyses and the regional geologic background, it is concluded that the late stage thermal events in the Songliao Basin are the far field response to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The first episode of the rapid cooling probably started at the end of the Nenjiang Formation, climaxed at the end of the Cretaceous and ceased at the Late Eocene. The subsequent slow cooling lasts another 15 Ma. The first episode of the evolution is the far field response to the major episode of the Yanshan Movement and subsequent series of the tectonic reorganization, especially the directional change of the Pacific Movement and also the subduction of the Indian Plate underneath the Eurasian Plate. While the second episode of the evolution is the far field response to the extension and closure of the Sea of Japan. Extension led to the migration and converging of the mantle heat flow to the Sea of Japan and resulted in the rapid cooling of the Songliao Basin.     

新形势下土地利用规划编制信息系统设计思路

针对上一轮规划存在的问题，提出了新形势下开发土地利用规划编制信息系统的必要性和设计思路，尤其把环境影响评价引入规划编制的过程中，为土地优化配置、合理利用土地提供了决策依据。