抗高温水泥浆体系研究及应用

基于塔河外围区块深井、超深井对水泥浆基本性能要求,考虑高温高压对浆体性能影响,通过分析抗高温材料的作用机理,优选出适合高温水泥浆体系的外加剂,将缓凝剂、降失水剂、液硅等抗高温材料按需求配比,研究不同密度抗高温（≥120 ℃）水泥浆体系,测定其常规性能。该水泥浆体系流动性好、API失水量＜50 mL/30 min、防窜系数SPN值＜1,水泥石高温稳定性好、抗压强度高等,均满足高温高压井下施工要求。该抗高温水泥浆体系在顺北评1H、顺北7、中探1井应用效果良好,优良率高。     

CaO添加顺序对废弃泥浆絮凝效果的影响

针对温州某钻孔灌注桩废弃泥浆进行了沉降柱试验和颗粒分析实验,研究有机絮凝剂APAM以及无机絮凝剂CaO对泥浆沉降性能和颗粒粒径的影响,着重探究了无机絮凝剂CaO的不同添加顺序对有机絮凝剂APAM絮凝效果的影响。结果表明：在较少APAM添加量(10 mL)下后添加CaO能增大泥浆的初始沉降量;先添加CaO再添加APAM,不利于APAM絮凝作用的发挥;后添加CaO的情况下,CaO对于最终的絮体粒径的影响主要取决于絮体本身的强度及搅拌强度。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-2孔防漏固井技术研究与应用

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目二号孔（WFSD-2）钻探施工过程中,地层破碎,坍塌、掉块严重,钻进过程中发生多次井漏。为防止固井过程中发生漏失影响固井质量,采用低密度防漏水泥浆常规单级固井工艺。经过多次水泥浆性能试验,调配出了既具有良好流动性、又具有触变性的低密度纤维防漏水泥浆配方。该低密度纤维防漏水泥浆体系在WFSD-2孔Ф168．3mm套管固井中施工顺利,应用效果良好。     

深基坑围护超深地下连续墙护壁泥浆的研究及应用

针对苏州中心项目基坑临近地铁侧、隔断承压水的特点,采用超深地连墙进行基坑围护。根据工程重点、难点以及质量控制要求,对地下连续墙成槽过程中的护壁泥浆问题进行了分析研究,提出了泥浆配制、参数控制、泥浆处理的成套方案。现场实际应用表明,所研究的优质护壁泥浆在本工程地连墙的施工中是行之有效的。     

防渗墙粗粒土槽孔泥皮的抗渗性试验研究

通过自制泥浆渗透试验仪,针对粗粒土地基防渗墙泥皮的渗透稳定性问题,开展了护壁泥皮抗渗性能的试验研究。结果表明,泥皮具有明显的截渗作用;不同压差作用下泥浆渗透形成的泥皮具有不同的抗渗特性,压差越大、泥皮越致密,抵抗渗透破坏的能力越强,泥皮的渗透性也就越小;反压渗水作用下泥皮的抗渗性能较正压渗水作用下的抗渗性能差;随着水力作用持续时间的增长,泥皮的结构发生变化,孔隙增大,流速逐渐增大,在较大水力梯度作用下会发生破坏;泥皮的临界水力梯度与其形成时压差作用大小有关,泥皮形成压差越大,正、反向渗水的临界水力梯度越大;反之,临界水力梯度越小。关于泥皮抗渗性能的深化认识,对于完善防渗墙设计与施工具有重要的意义。     

挥发性有机物污染泥浆固化稳定化试验研究

针对有机污染场地修复施工过程中出现的冒浆现象,选取2种典型有机污染泥浆,通过多组室内试验,对比分析了4种固化剂的固化稳定效果。结果表明：4种固化剂均有较好的减水效果,典型泥浆I的含水率28 d降幅可达45%,而典型泥浆II的28 d减水效果以固化剂A（5%水泥）最优,其含水率降幅为37%;固化土样孔隙水电导率EC随龄期先升高后降低,其峰值出现在3 d或7 d;固化土样pH值总体随龄期而增大,且典型泥浆II的pH值明显高于典型泥浆I;泥浆固化后qu值随龄期发展而快速增长,且典型泥浆I强度远高于典型泥浆II,并以固化剂A、C固化增强效果最佳,28 d时固化剂C固化的典型泥浆I、II的qu值分别达到233、48 kPa;添加固化剂尤其是含凹凸棒土的固化剂B、D能有效降低有机污染物的浸出,其28 d龄期对典型泥浆I、II的稳定率超过81%。固化泥浆EC、pH值与qu值关系具有明显规律,可反映其强度生长状况。     

钻（冲）孔灌注桩泥浆性能指标及应用

根据长期施工经验,介绍钻（冲）孔灌注桩基础施工过程中,泥浆的主要性能和指标值,及在复杂地层中泥浆性能调整与应用。     

页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻井堵漏技术

米仓山-大巴山前缘页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻遇二叠系吴家坪组巨厚层硅灰岩、燧石灰岩,坚硬致密,裂隙、溶隙、溶洞极发育,钻进过程中钻井液漏失严重甚至失返,造成钻进困难。先后采用了随钻堵漏、桥接材料堵漏、水泥砂浆堵漏、胶质泥浆-水泥浆堵漏、拦截式堵漏工艺技术,基本解决了钻进中钻井液失返问题。     

Pull-out behaviour of wood bolt fully grouted by PS-F slurry in rammed earth heritages

This article presents a laboratory and field investigation of pull-out resistance of wood bolts in rammed earth heritages. The laboratory testing involved axial tensile tests of four grout specimens prepared in specially designed moulds using PS-F (Potassium Silicate solution-Fly ash) slurry to investigate the performance of anchors. The field testing involved pull-out tests of three wood anchors installed in rammed earth heritages by gravity grouting. Experiments reveal that the failure mode is the pull-out of bolt from grout and average skin friction resistance of bolt–grout interface is approximately 0.34MPa. Load–displacement curves and elastic–residual displacement derived from cyclic loading indicate such anchor system has strong ductility with small elastic deformation and large residual deformation. Bond collapse firstly occurs at the loaded end and then propagates towards the full bonded length. Bond stress distribution is not uniform along the bonded length. Maximum bond stress distributes at the range from 0.3 m to 0.4 m. Emergence of compressive strain in the interface reveals such anchor system enjoys the advantages of both tensile and compressive anchor types, which significantly differs from results from other regular bolts. The research conclusion makes scientific senses to traditional material and craft in rammed earth heritages.     

Experimental analysis on the impact force of viscous debris flow

A miniaturized flume experiment was carried out to measure impact forces of viscous debris flow. The flow depth (7.2–11.2 cm), velocity (2.4–5.2 m/s) and impact force were recorded during the experiment. The impact process of debris flow can be divided into three phases by analyzing the variation of impact signals and flow regime. The three phases are the sudden strong impact of the debris flow head, continuous dynamic pressure of the body and slight static pressure of the tail. The variation of impact process is consistent with the change in the flow regime. The head has strong–rapid impact pressure, which is shown as a turbulent‐type flow; the body approximates to steady laminar flow. Accordingly, the process of debris flows hitting structures was simplified to a triangle shape, ignoring the pressure of the tail. In order to study the distribution of the debris flow impact force at different depths and variation of the impact process over time, the impact signals of slurry and coarse particles were separated from the original signals using wavelet analysis. The slurry's dynamic pressure signal appears to be a smooth curve, and the peak pressure is 12–34 kPa when the debris flow head hits the sensors, which is about 1.54 ± 0.36 times the continuous dynamic pressure of the debris flow body. The limit of application of the empirical parameter α in the hydraulic formula was also noted. We introduced the power function relationship of α and the Froude number of debris flows, and proposed a universal model for calculating dynamic pressure. The impact pressure of large particles has the characteristic of randomness. The mean frequency of large particles impacting the sensor is 210 ± 50–287 ± 29 times per second, and it is 336 ± 114–490 ± 69 times per second for the debris flow head, which is greater than that in the debris flow body. Peak impact pressure of particles at different flow depths is 40–160 kPa, which is 3.2 ± 1.5 times the impact pressure of the slurry at the bottom of the flow, 3.1 ± 0.9 times the flow in the middle, and 3.3 ± 0.9 times the flow at the surface. The differences in impact frequency indicate that most of the large particles concentrate in the debris flow head, and the number of particles in the debris flow head increases with height. This research supports the study of solid–liquid two phase flow mechanisms, and helps engineering design and risk assessment in debris flow prone areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.