基于三维地质模型的排土场边坡整体稳定性探究

目前所广泛采用的平面应变分析手段,针对排土场边坡稳定性评价时有时会出现某剖面安全系数高于设定允许值,实际中却遭破坏的现象,除了常被提及的力学参数、本构模型等因素,排土场凹形夹持效应和凸形发散作用突出以及滑体端部效应的影响,是分析结果不能准确反映实际的根本原因之一。鉴于此,从平面高程数据、地质剖面、钻孔资料等条件,配合插值效果较为稳定的Kriging法对空间数据进行插值,建立排土场三维地质整体模型。然后,采用自编FISH语言接口程序,将地质模型导入FLAC3D中离散化并计算,较为简单、有效地实现三维地质建模、模型可视化、岩土工程计算分析三位一体功能,有效地克服了平面分析无法解决的上述问题。以攀钢兰尖铁矿尖山第7排土场为实,对其整体稳定性进行应力、应变分析,采用三维强度折减法计算排土场三维整体安全系数,与现场调查及平面计算结果较为一致。基于该模型的计算结果可以有效避免排土场空间效应和滑体端部效应,得到的排土场全域应力-应变规律,对露天矿排土场的生产管理,具有一定的指导意义。     

基于加卸载响应比理论的矿柱动力稳定性分析

利用有限差分程序FLAC建立连续和并排的两类非均质矿柱模型,对矿柱在动力载荷循环作用下的破坏过程进行全时程动力分析。将加卸载响应比(LURR)理论引入矿柱动力稳定性分析中,以施加的动力载荷对矿柱作用的周期性变化作为加载量,以矿柱特征点的位移变化和破坏单元的弹性应变能的演化规律作为响应参数,建立矿柱的加卸载响应比模型,确定矿柱在动力载荷作用期间的加卸载响应比时间序列。计算结果表明,矿柱整体上处于稳定状态和趋于失稳时,其加卸载响应比Y值表现出不同的特征,通过对Y值的分析对矿柱的稳定状态进行评价,预测是否临近峰值承载能力,表明在矿柱动力破裂过程数值模拟分析中引入加卸载响应比是矿柱破坏力学行为研究的一种方便而有效的方法。     

地震动作用下均匀土质边坡的临界转角分析

均质土坡变形的整体旋转角度（即转角）与其弧形滑动特征相协调,是比永久位移更为优越的土坡变形与稳定性表征量。地震动瞬态弹性变形应变能相当于土坡系统势能的动态随机性“涨落”,临界点（临界转角）作为系统本身的一个固有特性,不受地震动随机性“涨落”的影响,土坡滑动失稳的临界转角实质上对应着系统势能的突变点。基于均质土坡地震动失稳的特点,结合突变理论,给出了确定失稳临界转角的计算公式,发现其仅与滑带介质本构模型参数 、 和滑弧半径R有关,但在本质上体现了诸因素的影响而具有广泛适用性。     

高陡复杂露天矿边坡地应力场分区非线性反演分析

地应力是边坡稳定性分析的重要因素。在杏山铁矿露天高陡边坡实测地应力数据的基础上,采用多元线性回归方法,在充分考虑岩体自重与构造应力影响的情况下,对5类11种边界条件工况进行了有限差分FLAC3D的模拟加载,反演得出研究区域内的地应力场。鉴于该方法只能对地应力场进行线性和全区反演,这对内部结构极其复杂、矿区内各个区域岩性和地形差异较大的金属矿山矿体显然是不够准确的。为了克服以上缺陷,采用了非线性的神经网络反演方法,并根据岩体的岩性分布和地形起伏将整个矿区划分为5个分区,通过引入侧压力系数k0实现分区域反演,从而得到整个矿区的地应力场。研究表明,在复杂地质条件下,神经网络方法反演出的初始地应力分布更加合理。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气分布规律及成藏条件：以塔中北斜坡东部鹰山组为例

缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层具有强烈的非均质性,其油气成藏及富集规律极其复杂,充分认识此类油气藏的形成条件及分布特点对油气藏进一步勘探及有效开发至关重要。通过对东部井区的统计分析,目的层油气性质与I号断裂带及走滑断裂密切相关,平面上塔中北斜坡东部鹰山组油气具有“西油东气,内油外气”的分布特征,纵向上油气集中在不整合面以下200 m内,沿风化壳不整合面呈“准层状”分布。从源、储、盖、运等成藏要素角度对油气成藏控制因素进行了综合研究,结果表明：该研究区发育两套烃源岩,且经历了多期充注,为油气聚集提供了充足的物质基础;后期构造抬升及断裂活动促进岩溶作用的进行,改善了储层的储集性能,为油气富集提供了有利的场所;良三段到良五段致密灰岩分布广、厚度大,可以有效封闭油气,为油气聚集提供了较好的保存条件;塔中北斜坡东部断裂及不整合面是油气成藏的关键,沟通源岩为油气运移聚集提供了良好的通道。     

海域天然气水合物稳定带厚度与其影响因素的半定量研究

海底沉积物中蕴含着大量的天然气水合物资源。水合物稳定带(HSZ)反映了海底天然气水合物的成矿作用和分布规律,稳定带厚度的影响因素决定了天然气水合物的蕴藏量。水合物稳定带的影响因素有很多种,但每种因素对其的影响程度不同。为探讨水合物稳定带厚度的分布规律,从分析海底天然气水合物相平衡影响因素入手,着重研究了影响稳定带厚度的水合物气体组分、地温梯度、海水深度、海底温度及孔隙水盐度等重要参数,并使用CSM Gem程序对这些影响因素进行模拟计算;然后利用模拟计算所得到的结果数据进行曲线拟合,直至得到较为可信的相平衡曲线;最后根据此相平衡曲线,结合相应条件下的地温梯度曲线方程求得稳定带厚度。通过对预设各条件值与相应得到的稳定带厚度值进行回归分析,得出稳定带厚度与各个影响因素的关系以及这些因素对稳定带厚度的影响程度。     

Optimization of slope angle and its seismic stability: A case study for the proposed open pit coalmine in Phulbari, NW Bangladesh

The present study reflects upon the results of substantial program of two-dimensional Finite Element Method （FEM） numerical analyses of the open pit that links to slope angle optimization associated with the safety factor of the pit slope of a coal mine in Bangladesh. In the present analyses, two types of models have been presented. The first model estimates safety factor without seismic effect on the overall pit slope of the model; the second model incorporates safety factor with seismic stability of the model. The calculated optimum slope angle of the first model is 31% with a rational safety factor of 1.51, prior to the seismic effect. However, the value is reduced to 0.93, 0.82, and 0.72, after we applies the seismic effect in the second model with M6, M6.5, and M7, respectively. Finally, our modeling results emphasize that for the case of the proposed Phulbari coalmine, there is extremely high prospect for causing massive slope failure along the optimum pit slope angle with 31% if the mine area felt seismic shaking, like the Sikkim （in northern India） earthquake with M6.9 on September 18, 2011.     

济南市燕翅山铁矿采空区稳定性分析评价

济南燕翅山铁矿已闭坑多年,遗留大量的采空区潜在地面塌陷、山体崩塌及裂缝隐患,对当地人民群众生命财产安全构成威胁。该文对采空区稳定性进行了分析计算,并根据研究区实际,提出了主要地质灾害治理方法和措施建议。     

Analysis of implicit HHT‐α integration algorithm for real‐time hybrid simulation

Real‐time hybrid simulation is a viable experiment technique to evaluate the performance of structures equipped with rate‐dependent seismic devices when subject to dynamic loading. The integration algorithm used to solve the equations of motion has to be stable and accurate to achieve a successful real‐time hybrid simulation. The implicit HHT α‐algorithm is a popular integration algorithm for conducting structural dynamic time history analysis because of its desirable properties of unconditional stability for linear elastic structures and controllable numerical damping for high frequencies. The implicit form of the algorithm, however, requires iterations for nonlinear structures, which is undesirable for real‐time hybrid simulation. Consequently, the HHT α‐algorithm has been implemented for real‐time hybrid simulation using a fixed number of substep iterations. The resulting HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations is believed to be unconditionally stable for linear elastic structures, but research on its stability and accuracy for nonlinear structures is quite limited. In this paper, a discrete transfer function approach is utilized to analyze the HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations. The algorithm is shown to be unconditionally stable for linear elastic structures, but only conditionally stable for nonlinear softening or hardening structures. The equivalent damping of the algorithm is shown to be almost the same as that of the original HHT α‐algorithm, while the period elongation varies depending on the structural nonlinearity and the size of the integration time‐step. A modified form of the algorithm is proposed to improve its stability for use in nonlinear structures. The stability of the modified algorithm is demonstrated to be enhanced and have an accuracy that is comparable to that of the existing HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations. Both numerical and real‐time hybrid simulations are conducted to verify the modified algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified algorithm for real‐time testing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于区间方法的岩质边坡稳定性非概率可靠性分析

在综合分析岩土参数区间性的基础上,通过引入区间分析方法和非概率可靠性思想,建立岩质边坡稳定的非概率可靠性模型,并针对区间运算结果扩张问题,引入区间截断法和区间优化法,对边坡非概率可靠性指标进行较为精确的求解。然后,以湖北某岩质高边坡为实例,进一步探讨了岩体参数变异性对岩质边坡稳定的非概率可靠性指标的影响规律。