基于强度折减法的韩城煤矿边坡稳定性分析

将有限元强度折减理论应用于边坡稳定性分析中,运用ANSYS大型有限元分析软件,基于Drucker-Prager（D-P）屈服准则,采用力和位移的收敛标准作为破坏判据,进行边坡的稳定性分析。当折减系数达到某一数值时,非线性有限元静力计算将不收敛,滑面上的位移将产生突变,边坡内一定幅值的广义剪应变自坡底向坡顶贯通,此时认为边坡已破坏,并定义此时的折减系数即为稳定系数。文中以韩城煤矿节理岩质边坡为例,运用该方法进行了稳定性分析并与并与传统的Bishop法、Janbu法等方法对比。计算结果表明,有限元强度折减法能更加真实地反映边坡的实际情况,求得的边坡稳定系数更接近边坡的实际稳定状态,显示出其在边坡稳定性分析中的一定优势。     

复杂边界条件下的基坑支护

北京金融街活力中心基坑工程边界条件复杂,基坑开挖位置与现有马路距离较近,并且在基坑外侧存在较多的市政管线及电信光缆,造成施工作业面狭窄、复杂,支护施工过程风险较大。施工前对基坑周边条件详细调查,根据周边条件因地制宜地采取了桩锚支护方案,并在施工中进行重点控制,取得了良好的支护效果。介绍了支护方案及施工安全控制措施。     

层状岩质边坡破坏模式及稳定性的数值分析

运用FLAC3D模拟层状岩质边坡的破坏模式,并采用强度折减法分析结构面倾角与稳定性之间的关系。结果表明:①水平层状边坡坡顶变形破坏早于坡面和坡脚,形成拉破坏区。当结构面倾角较小时,顺倾向层状边坡主要发生滑移破坏;当结构面倾角较大时,发生弯折-溃曲破坏。直立层状边坡主要发生弯曲-板间拉裂-塌落破坏。逆倾向层状边坡的破坏形式为对于小倾角为滑移破坏,对于陡倾角为倾倒破坏。②对于顺倾向边坡,整体安全系数随结构面倾角先减小后增大,呈现两头高、中间低的形态,在倾角为30°时安全系数最小;对于逆倾向边坡,曲线呈现增大-减小-增大的态势,并且大部分高于顺倾向边坡曲线,符合实际情况。③所采用的低强度弹塑性单元能够比较真实地模拟软弱结构面的变形。     

松辽盆地北部他拉哈-齐家地区姚一段沉积与成藏特征再认识

综合20口井岩心和496口井测井、录井及分析化验资料,对松辽盆地他拉哈-齐家地区姚一段葡萄花油层进行高分辨率层序地层研究,提出葡萄花油层北、西部为同沉积构造抬升控制的底部缺失的层序地层新格架。研究区最有利相带砂体为窄而细的末梢河道砂、薄层河口坝及席状砂体,而研究区北半部大量宽泛的厚层优质河道砂却不含油,为大面积含水区。研究总结发现,砂体发育与岩性油气藏分布均受控于一挠曲坡折带,坡折带以内为低水位体系域沉积质量中心,砂岩厚薄相间,可形成地层超覆圈闭;坡折带之下为3个层序低水位和水进体系域三角洲前缘砂体叠合区,发育的砂岩较薄且连通性差,是多层位岩性圈闭和上倾尖灭型圈闭发育区;坡折带之上以水进体系域平原相及前缘相的大量厚层河道砂体为主,但因连通性好,油气易散失,不易形成岩性圈闭,而成为大范围的含水区。坡折带"控层""控相""控砂""控藏"的理论在本研究区又一次得到极好的应用与验证。     

Design and application of a kind of direct shear model test apparatus

A kind of direct shear model test apparatus is introduced, which can be used for laboratory model tests of anti-sliding structures for slopes (landslides). The model test apparatus consists of shearing system, loading system and data collecting system. The shearing system is composed of an upper direct shear box, a lower direct shear box and two straight steel rails. The upper and the lower direct shear boxes are connected by the straight steel rails. The loading system is composed of load transducer, hydraulic jack and reaction rack. The shearing system and the loading system are connected by steel base. The apparatus has been successfully used in anti-sliding model test of single row grouting micro-piles based on detailed analysis of its structure design and characteristics. Application results of the apparatus indicate that this kind of direct shear model test apparatus possesses great practicability; and it can be used further in other similar model tests.     

基于人工神经网络对四川省黑水县公路边坡稳定性评价

边坡稳定性和许多影响因素有关,是一种高度非线性的问题,本文采用人工神经网络方法进行边坡稳定性评价,构建了具有6-19-12网络结构的三层BP网络。用该模型对四川省黑水县渔巴渡至客龙沟公路沿线边坡进行稳定性评价,其结果与传统经验公式计算法所得结果基本一致。     

露天煤矿边坡工程地质勘察中几个常见问题的刍议——以胜利煤田东二号露天煤矿、白音华煤田一号露天煤矿为例

随着内蒙古自治区二连盆地群早白垩世陆相沉积煤田的大规模勘查和开发建设,一些大(特)型露天煤矿的边坡工程地质勘察及稳定性分析评价工作也已陆续展开,但由于各勘察施工单位的工作方法不尽一致,给边坡岩体的稳定性评价带来了一定的影响。以盆地群内的胜利煤田东二号露天煤矿、白音华煤田一号露天煤矿工程地质勘察实践为例,对下白垩统巴彦花群煤系软岩边坡工程地质勘察中的软岩强度的界定、岩心采样方法的选择、数字测井成果在解释软弱(夹)层中的应用、钻孔波速测试方法的应用和边坡稳定性随含水率变化的敏感度分析5个方面进行了详细论述,并提出了相应的划分标准与技术方法。此结果可使盆地群中露天煤矿边坡工程地质勘察工作更加合理。     

近景摄影测量在边坡变形监测中的应用

某测量目标为一保证通电线路安全的护坡,高约10m,占地400多m2,其线杆立于护坡顶端中间,周边固定四个加强铁丝。护坡自修建以来,因周边土方作业及积水等因素,发生多次倒塌,为此采用近景摄影测量法进行变形监测以保证护坡维修重建的质量。根据测区实际概况,按照非同一平面及非同一线原则,布设控制点20个,控制点的坐标采用无棱镜观测方式,并选取广场瓷砖作为控制点的材质。通过对测量结果进行精度比较,认为该次测量景深方向X的精度相对较低,Y和Z方向的精度相对较好;基高比对精度有较大的影响;随着基高比的减小,精度有所提高,但如果继续减小基高比,精度反而会下降,因此选取适当的基高比是提高精度的关键;未经检校的非测量数码相机,存在较大的系统误差和构象畸变差,将会对测量精度产生较大影响。     

Shallow water SPH for flooding with dynamic particle coalescing and splitting

In this paper an adaptive algorithm for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for the Shallow Water Equations (SWEs) is presented. The area of a particle is inversely proportional to depth giving poor resolution in small depths without particle refinement. This is a particular limitation for flooding problems of interest here. Higher resolution is created by splitting the particles, while particle coalescing (or merging) improves efficiency by reducing the number of the particles when acceptable. The new particle coalescing procedure merges two particles together if their area becomes less than a predefined threshold value. Both particle splitting and coalescing procedures conserve mass and momentum and the smoothing length of new particles is calculated by minimizing the density error of the SPH summation. The new dynamic particle refinement procedure is assessed by testing the numerical scheme against analytical, experimental and benchmark test cases. The analytical cases show that with particle splitting and coalescing typical convergence rates remain faster than linear. For the practical test case, in comparison to using particle splitting alone, the particle coalescing procedure leads to a significant reduction of computational time, by a factor of 15. This makes the computational time of the same order as mesh-based methods with the advantage of not having to specify a mesh over a flood domain of unknown extent a priori.     

Turbidite system architecture and sedimentary processes along topographically complex slopes: the Makran convergent margin

This study investigates the morphology and Late Quaternary sediment distribution of the Makran turbidite system (Makran subduction zone, north‐west Indian Ocean) from a nearly complete subsurface mapping of the Oman basin, two‐dimensional seismic and a large set of coring data in order to characterize turbidite system architecture across an active (fold and thrust belt) margin. The Makran turbidite system is composed of a dense network of canyons, which cut into high relief accreted ridges and intra‐slope piggyback basins, forming at some locations connected and variably tortuous paths down complex slopes. Turbidite activity and trench filling rates are high even during the Holocene sea‐level highstand conditions. In particular, basin‐wide, sheet‐like thick mud turbidites, probably related to major mass wasting events of low recurrence time, drape the flat and unchannellized Oman abyssal plain. Longitudinal depth profiles show that the Makran canyons are highly disrupted by numerous thrust‐related large‐scale knickpoints (with gradients up to 20° and walls up to 500 m high). At the deformation front, the strong break of slope can lead to the formation of canyon‐mouth ‘plunge pools’ of variable shapes and sizes. The plunge pools observed in the western Makran are considerably larger than those previously described in sub‐surface successions; the first insights into their internal architecture and sedimentary processes are presented here. Large plunge pools in the western Makran are associated with large scoured areas at the slope break and enhanced sediment deposition downstream: high‐amplitude reflectors are observed inside the plunge pools, while their flanks are composed of thin‐bedded, fine‐grained turbidites deposited by the uppermost part of the turbidity flows. Thus, these architectural elements are associated with strong sediment segregation leading to specific trench‐fill mechanisms, as only the finer‐grained component of the flows is transferred to the abyssal plain. However, the Makran accretionary prism is characterized by strong along‐strike variability in tectonics and fluvial input distribution that might directly influence the turbidite system architecture (i.e. canyon entrenchment, plunge pool formation or channel development at canyon mouths), the sedimentary dynamics and the resulting sediment distribution. Channel formation in the abyssal plain and trench‐fill characteristics depend on the theoretical ‘equilibrium’ conditions of the feeder system, which is related closely to the balance between erosion rates and tectonic regime. Thus, the Makran turbidite system constitutes an excellent modern analogue for deep‐water sedimentary systems with structurally complex depocentres, in convergent margin settings.