含盐量对石灰固化滨海盐渍土稠度和击实性能的影响

随着含盐量的增加,滨海盐渍土中的盐分结晶形成了更多的盐颗粒,使石灰固化土的稠度指标发生变化,总体上分阶段逐渐下降。含盐量的增加使得石灰固化土的不均匀系数增大,且随着养护龄期的增加而增大。增加土的含盐量,则石灰固化土悬液的电导率随之增加,但电导率几乎不随养护龄期而变化,这表明氯盐没有参与石灰的固化反应,只是吸附在土颗粒的表面或存在土孔隙中,石灰固化后的盐渍土仍然具有一定的吸湿软化性。重型击实试验结果证实,增加含盐量使石灰土混合料的最大干密度略有降低,最优含水率则几乎不变,因此,施工中可不考虑含盐量对石灰固化滨海盐渍土现场碾压效果的影响。     

真空预压联合石灰稳定法改良淤泥土试验研究

在工程用土资源越来越紧张和环境日益恶化的情况下淤泥资源化利用成为一个亟待解决的问题。通过向河底淤泥中掺入一定量的生石灰,再用真空预压结合外加剂木质素磺酸钙来改善土体的渗透、强度和变形等特性,总结并分析了掺木量对稳定排水量,稳定沉降量、强度、孔隙等的影响以及真空预压后石灰稳定土龄期下土体强度的变化规律。试验结果表明,抽真空后改良土具有较低含水率,土体强度增长较大,孔隙较小,后期沉降较小,加固土体以满足填筑用土要求,经济性分析表明该法是可以接受的。     

偏高岭土协同石灰钝化红黏土水敏性的机制

红黏土水敏性强,添加石灰等碱性材料处治后,能获得即刻的改良效果,但由于红黏土呈弱酸性,石灰改良后其长期性能会衰减。为提高石灰稳定红黏土（简称La+L）的长期性能,添加偏高岭土（4%）协同石灰（5%）稳定红黏土（简称La+L+MK）,改善其水敏性和酸?碱互损作用。制备8种初始含水率的压实试样（初始孔隙比相同）,养护到预定时间后开展无侧限抗压强度试验,同时,测定试样的钙离子浓度、电导率和pH值。结果表明：初始含水率为26%左右时,改良土的无侧限抗压强度最高,初始含水率偏高或偏低都不利于改良土的强度增长。究其原因,试样偏干时,缺少水分,石灰水化不充分,不能形成游离态钙离子,无法进行火山灰反应,颗粒之间无法形成胶结;试样偏湿时,火山灰反应形成的胶结强度不及过量水分引起的基质吸力丧失量。试样的钙离子浓度和电导率变化规律,证实了以上原因解释的猜想。当然,添加偏高岭土后,能够显著改善偏湿状态下的石灰土强度。即使浸水饱和后,相对石灰改良土,也能够保持较高的强度,充分证明偏高岭土能够有效降低石灰土水敏性,提高其耐久性。偏高岭土直接提供了大量硅、铝氧化物,且将土体pH值降到有利于硅、铝氧化物溶解的碱性范围,加速火山灰反应,缓减或抑制石灰?红黏土的互损作用。     

淮北平原裸地潜水蒸发计算公式比较

依据安徽省五道沟水文试验站观测资料,比较了不同公式在浅埋区黄潮土与砂姜黑土的潜水蒸发计算中的表现.建议使用彭曼公式计算的蒸发能力代替实测水面蒸发以提高拟合效果.对于黄潮土建议采用阿维里扬诺夫公式、沈立昌双曲线公式、叶水庭指数公式和幂函数公式计算潜水蒸发.对于砂姜黑土建议采用阿维里扬诺夫公式、沈立昌双曲线公式、叶水庭指数公式和反logistic公式计算潜水蒸发,不推荐在淮北地区使用清华大学公式.列出了各公式的拟合参数.     

Effect of Cement Type on the Mechanical Behavior of a Gravely Sand

The behavior of a cemented gravely sand was studied using triaxial compression tests. Gypsum, Portland cement and lime were used as the cementing agents in sample preparation. The samples with different cement types were compared in equal cement contents. Three cement contents of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% were selected for sample preparation. Drained and undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted in a range of confining pressures from 25 kPa to 500 kPa. Failure modes, shear strength, stress–strain behavior, volume and pore pressure changes were considered. The gypsum cement induced the highest brittleness in soil among three cement types while the Portland cement was found to be the most ductile cementing agent. In lower cement contents and lower confining pressures the soil cemented with Portland cement showed the highest shear strength. However, in the same range of cement content, the soil cemented with gypsum showed highest shear strength for highest tested confining stress. For higher cement contents the shear strength of soil cemented with Portland cement is higher than that for the two other cement types for the range of confining pressures tested in the present study. The samples cemented with lime had the least peak and ultimate shear strength and the highest pore pressure generation in undrained tests. Contrary to the soil cemented with lime, the brittleness of soil cemented with gypsum and Portland cement reduces in undrained condition. Finally it was found that the effect of cement type on the shear strength of cemented soils is more profound in drained condition compared to undrained state.     

Technical Note Reactive silica and strength of fly ashes

The use of fly ash in geotechnical engineering depends greatly on its pozzolanic reactivity. Though many factors influence the reactivity of fly ash it is well recognized that reactive silica and lime content play a major role. A new, accurate and reliable method for the determination of reactive silica content of fly ash has been established. The reactive silica content, obtained as acid soluble silica in about 2 to 3 N hydrochloric acid, is found to correlate well with unconfined compressive strength of fly ashes. The reactive silica content of fly ash is also important in the stabilization of soils using fly ash. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

土工合成材料界面作用特性的拉拔试验研究

在土工合成材料加筋土工程中,土工合成材料与填料的界面作用特性是最关键的技术指标,因此利用拉拔试验研究土工合成材料与填料的界面作用特性是非常必要的。以5种不同种类的国产土工合成材料为加筋材料,以砂和石灰粉煤灰为填料,比较了各种土工合成材料与填料的界面作用特性,试验表明:（1）石灰粉煤灰自重较轻,摩擦角高,并且比砂的拉拔系数相对偏高一倍左右,是理想的土工合成材料加筋土工程的填料;（2）土工合成材料的拉拔系数从高到低排序为涤纶纤维经编土工格栅最高,塑料拉伸土工格栅次之,土工网较低,土工织物最低;（3）不同填料、不同土工合成材料的拉拔系数相差较大,具体加筋土工程采用的拉拔系数需要通过拉拔试验确定。这些结论可指导土工合成材料的优选和研究加筋机理。     

多元桩复合地基在高层建筑地基处理中的应用

介绍了钻孔夯底灌注桩———上部为灌注桩、下部为夯扩桩与钻孔夯扩挤密灰渣土桩相结合形成的多元桩复合地基在某工程中的应用 ,其中利用钻孔夯底灌注桩主要提高承载力和控制建筑物沉降 ,利用钻孔夯扩挤密灰渣土桩主要挤密桩间土 ,降低回填土层压缩性。通过分析计算得出了最佳地基处理方案 ,为类似工程提供了应用实例     

疏桩加固与浸水迫降法在建筑物纠偏中的应用

针对湿陷性黄土场地上某倾斜住宅楼,设计采用钢筋混凝土托换桩加固与浸水纠偏等处理措施。利用原有3:7灰土垫层,使托换桩疏布(桩距1.8~3.9 m)与灰土垫层组成复合地基。观测数据显示,加固纠偏方案可行,技术经济效果明显,为今后类似工程提供了可资借鉴的实践经验。     

重塑石灰土的力学特征与性能劣化机制分析

石灰土在公路等工程中应用很广泛,随着公路改扩建等工程的迅速增多,面临如何处理与利用废弃石灰土的难题。通过对比分析素土、石灰土、重塑石灰土的压缩、强度等力学指标,探讨重塑石灰土的力学特征。结果表明,重塑石灰土压缩系数与石灰土相比提高了2～3倍,无侧限抗压强度损失了30%～40%,内摩擦角增大了1.2倍,黏聚力降低了40%。提出用劣化系数评价重塑石灰土的力学特性劣化程度,并从石灰处治红黏土的团粒化、碳化、灰结机制等角度分析了重塑石灰土性能劣化的本质原因。与素土相比,石灰土的黏粒（d <0.002 mm）含量减少而粗粒（d >0.074 mm）含量增加,从而提高了石灰土的内摩擦角。但重塑过程则破化了石灰土中的胶结结构致使重塑石灰土的黏聚力降低,从而影响重塑石灰土的其他力学性能指标。