http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001028

A study on the effect of the solar ultra-violet radiation on the human skin fibroblast cells revealed that the production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was inhibited by the radiation.A CO2 incubator connected by optical fibers to a reflector telescope for collecting the solar light was built at Syowa station by the 49th Japanese Antarctica Research Expedition.The direction of the telescope was continuously controlled by a sun-tracker to follow the movement of the Sun automatically.The intensity of the collected light was monitored by a portable spectrophotometer housed inside.The human skin fibroblast cells were incubated in the CO2 chamber to investigate the effect of the solar radiation at Syowa station and were compared with those reference experiments at a laboratory in Japan.The results showed cell damage by strong UV radiation.The production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was prompted by the moderate UV-B,but was inhibited by the strong UV-B radiation,as studied under laboratory conditions in Japan.The effect of strong solar radiation at Syowa station involving the radiation of UV-B region was estimated to be of the same extent of the radiation caused by an artificial UV-B light with the intensity more than 50 mJ/cm2.     

Improvement of the Noah land surface model for warm season processes: evaluation of water and energy flux simulation

The Noah model is a land surface model of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. It has been widely used in regional coupled weather and climate models (i.e. Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Eta Mesoscale Model) and global coupled weather and climate models (i.e. National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System, Climate Forecast System). Therefore, its continued improvement and development are keys to enhancing our weather and climate forecast ability and water and energy flux simulation accuracy. North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 1 (NLDAS‐1) experiments indicated that the Noah model exhibited substantial bias in latent heat flux, total runoff and land skin temperature during the warm season, and such bias can significantly affect coupled weather and climate models. This paper presents a study to improve the Noah model by adding model parameterization processes such as including seasonal factor on leaf area index and root distribution and selecting optimal model parameters. We compared simulated latent heat flux, mean annual runoff and land skin temperature from the Noah control and test versions with measured latent heat flux, land surface skin temperature, mean annual runoff and satellite‐retrieved land surface skin temperature. The results show that the test version significantly reduces biases in latent heat, total runoff and land skin temperature simulation. The test version has been used for the NLDAS phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) to produce 30‐year water flux, energy flux and state variable products to support the US drought monitor of National Integrated Drought Information System. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

能谱CT诊断腹部多发病灶同源性的初步研究

目的:探讨CT能谱成像在诊断腹部多发病灶同源性中的价值。材料和方法:收集10例经手术病理或随访观察证实的腹部多发病灶患者资料,回顾性分析患者多发病灶,包括肝脏、胃、肾上腺及腹腔淋巴结转移病灶的CT能谱图像。多发病灶的感兴趣区按照直径5mm的圆形选取,用能谱后处理工具行多发病灶的能量衰减曲线、直方图、散点图分析,将三个图像的吻合情况分成基本吻合,部分吻合,不吻合三种情况,比较多发病灶能谱图像的吻合情况,总结规律,对腹部多发病灶的同源性作出评价。结果:发现腹部恶性肿瘤原发灶与多发转移灶的能量衰减曲线、直方图图像基本吻合,散点图部分吻合,提示原发灶和转移灶同源。多发良性病灶如血管瘤、能谱图像也基本吻合,可帮助诊断病灶的同源性。结论:初步判断能谱CT可作为诊断腹部多发病灶同源性的有效工具。     

扩底楔形桩竖向抗压和负摩阻力特性研究

扩底楔形桩是基于结合常规扩底桩和楔形桩的优点而开发的一种新桩型,能同时提高桩侧正摩阻力和桩端阻力,并能有效降低土体沉降引起的负摩阻力对基桩的影响。简要介绍了扩底楔形桩的受力机制和施工方法;基于FLAC3D有限差分软件,通过针对实际工程的数值模拟验证数值模拟的可靠性,对该新桩型在竖向抗压和负摩阻力特性方面的力学特性进行了初步探讨,并与等体积混凝土的常规扩底桩、楔形桩和等截面桩进行了对比分析;进而研究了桩端土体与桩周土体模量比、楔形角、扩大头直径以及桩体模量等因素对扩底楔形桩力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,同等级地面堆载作用下,扩底楔形桩中桩侧负摩阻力引起的桩顶下拽位移最小、桩身下拽力值介于常规楔形桩和扩底桩两者之间。     

路堤荷载下塑料套管桩荷载传递机制的现场试验研究

用于公路软基处理的塑料套管桩是由预先打设在地基中的塑料套管内浇注混凝土组成的。通过在塑料套管桩身埋设钢筋应力计,完整测试了路堤填筑荷载过程及预压期内路堤荷载作用下塑料套管桩的荷载传递机制,同时提出了钢筋应力计的修正方法。试验结果表明：单桩静载下塑料套管桩身轴力沿深度逐渐减小且无负摩阻力;在路堤荷载作用下塑料套管桩桩身轴力沿深度先增大后减小,负摩阻力分布在桩长上部3/5范围内,且随着填土荷载的增加,负摩阻力和正摩阻力都逐步增加,但在监测期内负摩擦力中性点位置保持不变。     

一种新的超长桩荷载传递模型

超长桩桩侧摩阻力出现软化是一个较为普遍的现象。针对超长桩出现的侧摩阻力软化现象,提出了一种新的双曲荷载传递函数,该传递函数充分考虑了桩土相互作用的非线性特性和软化特性。依据新的荷载传递函数,利用FORTRAN语言编写了UMAT子程序。通过实例计算,对比了现场试验数据、ABAQUS自带接触对的计算结果和ABAQUS应用文中子程序后的计算结果,结果表明ABAQUS应用文中子程序计算所得的桩顶Q-s曲线、桩侧摩阻力分布曲线和桩侧摩阻力与桩土相对位移关系曲线都与现场试验数据更加吻合,证明文中提出的荷载传递函数可以有效地模拟超长桩桩土相互作用的非线性特性和软化特性,并且对超长桩承载力的估算更加合理可靠。     

挤土作用下Y型桩侧摩阻力分布模型研究

Y型沉管灌注桩是在传统圆形桩基础上通过改变截面形状以增大桩土接触面积、增加侧摩阻力进而增加承载力的一种新桩型。由于桩身截面的特殊性,在振动沉管的过程中Y型沉管灌注桩截面不同处对土有不同程度的挤压作用,其侧摩阻力分布性状比圆形桩复杂,若将Y型桩侧摩阻力看作沿桩身矩形分布、沿桩周均匀分布与实际不符,工程经验亦表明其不适。通过孔扩张理论与Y型截面的解析方程相结合,推导Y型桩侧摩阻力沿桩周及桩身的不均匀分布模型,同一截面最大侧摩阻力为最小侧摩阻力的1.24~1.75倍,同时分析外包圆半径R、模板弧度θ、桩长L对侧摩阻力的影响。将侧摩阻力沿Y型截面周边的9个区间积分,然后沿桩长积分,得到Y型桩总侧摩阻力,结合端阻力模型计算了Y型桩单桩极限承载力,与静载试验数据吻合。     

增强型管桩和普通管桩受力性能试验对比研究

通过对桩身预埋有混凝土应变计的普通光圆预应力管桩和增强型预应力管桩的静载对比试验,比较了两种桩的荷载-沉降曲线、桩身轴力分布情况、桩侧摩阻力及桩端阻力的发挥性状,研究了增强型管桩荷载传递规律及桩身环向凸肋的荷载分担情况.结果表明,由于环向凸肋的存在,使增强型管桩在桩周形成的剪切破坏面比普通管桩更大,从而提高了增强型管桩的承载能力.在最大试验荷载作用时,增强型管桩的侧摩阻力要比普通管桩高27.4％～39.5％.     

基于改进荷载传递法计算降水引起的基桩沉降

现有研究采用荷载传递法时均未计算桩体自重,若直接应用于国内软土地区超长桩基的沉降计算,其精度难以满足高速铁路线下工程严格的沉降控制要求。基于佐藤?悟双折线模型提出侧阻荷载传递函数的假定模式,引入桩体自重并对荷载传递法的基本微分方程进行修正和求解,结合降水引起的桩周土体沉降计算和基于端阻弹性模型的桩端土体沉降计算,获得地下水位变化诱发的基桩沉降计算方法;采用理论推导的基桩沉降解析解,并借助嵌入荷载传递函数的有限元方法,分别对单纯桩顶荷载作用和桩顶荷载与降水共同作用两种工况下的桩侧摩阻力、桩体轴力和基桩沉降进行算例对比分析;有限元计算因考虑了由桩体沉降产生的桩周土体附加竖向位移而与理论计算略有偏差,但两种方法计算结果的变化规律基本一致,验证了降水引起的基桩沉降理论计算公式的合理性及正确性。     

楔形桩和等截面桩中性点位置可视化对比模型试验

地面堆载作用下楔形桩中楔形角的存在可以降低桩身下拽力,但针对倒楔形角的存在与中性点位置关系的研究却相对较少。为了分析地面堆载作用下楔形桩和等截面桩的桩-土相互作用机制,基于透明土材料和PIV（particle image velocimetry）技术,采用非插入式测试方法开展地面堆载作用下楔形桩和等截面桩中性点位置的对比模型试验研究,测得不同地面堆载等级作用下桩体沉降与桩周土体沉降等变化规律,探讨了桩-土相对位移、中性点位置与地面荷载等级的变化规律。研究结果表明,利用透明土材料来研究桩基中性点位置的试验方法在技术上是可行的;文中试验条件下楔形桩和等截面桩中性点位置均随着地面堆载等级的增加而降低。