桩基负摩擦力的下拉荷载与时间关系研究

桩基负摩擦力的发展分为两个阶段,第1阶段受桩-土相对位移控制,第2阶段受桩周土体固结而引起的强度增长的控制。根据日本、加拿大和泰国的现场实测结果的再分析,下拉荷载与时间的关系可采用双曲线进行拟合,初步探讨其中参数的物理意义。通过对实例的计算表明,计算与实测结果具有很好的一致性,证明所提出方法的可行性,为进一步研究桩基负摩擦力的应用提供有利条件。     

路堤荷载下塑料套管桩荷载传递机制的现场试验研究

用于公路软基处理的塑料套管桩是由预先打设在地基中的塑料套管内浇注混凝土组成的。通过在塑料套管桩身埋设钢筋应力计,完整测试了路堤填筑荷载过程及预压期内路堤荷载作用下塑料套管桩的荷载传递机制,同时提出了钢筋应力计的修正方法。试验结果表明：单桩静载下塑料套管桩身轴力沿深度逐渐减小且无负摩阻力;在路堤荷载作用下塑料套管桩桩身轴力沿深度先增大后减小,负摩阻力分布在桩长上部3/5范围内,且随着填土荷载的增加,负摩阻力和正摩阻力都逐步增加,但在监测期内负摩擦力中性点位置保持不变。     

挤土作用下Y型桩侧摩阻力分布模型研究

Y型沉管灌注桩是在传统圆形桩基础上通过改变截面形状以增大桩土接触面积、增加侧摩阻力进而增加承载力的一种新桩型。由于桩身截面的特殊性,在振动沉管的过程中Y型沉管灌注桩截面不同处对土有不同程度的挤压作用,其侧摩阻力分布性状比圆形桩复杂,若将Y型桩侧摩阻力看作沿桩身矩形分布、沿桩周均匀分布与实际不符,工程经验亦表明其不适。通过孔扩张理论与Y型截面的解析方程相结合,推导Y型桩侧摩阻力沿桩周及桩身的不均匀分布模型,同一截面最大侧摩阻力为最小侧摩阻力的1.24~1.75倍,同时分析外包圆半径R、模板弧度θ、桩长L对侧摩阻力的影响。将侧摩阻力沿Y型截面周边的9个区间积分,然后沿桩长积分,得到Y型桩总侧摩阻力,结合端阻力模型计算了Y型桩单桩极限承载力,与静载试验数据吻合。     

扩底楔形桩竖向抗压和负摩阻力特性研究

扩底楔形桩是基于结合常规扩底桩和楔形桩的优点而开发的一种新桩型,能同时提高桩侧正摩阻力和桩端阻力,并能有效降低土体沉降引起的负摩阻力对基桩的影响。简要介绍了扩底楔形桩的受力机制和施工方法;基于FLAC3D有限差分软件,通过针对实际工程的数值模拟验证数值模拟的可靠性,对该新桩型在竖向抗压和负摩阻力特性方面的力学特性进行了初步探讨,并与等体积混凝土的常规扩底桩、楔形桩和等截面桩进行了对比分析;进而研究了桩端土体与桩周土体模量比、楔形角、扩大头直径以及桩体模量等因素对扩底楔形桩力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,同等级地面堆载作用下,扩底楔形桩中桩侧负摩阻力引起的桩顶下拽位移最小、桩身下拽力值介于常规楔形桩和扩底桩两者之间。     

基于改进荷载传递法计算降水引起的基桩沉降

现有研究采用荷载传递法时均未计算桩体自重,若直接应用于国内软土地区超长桩基的沉降计算,其精度难以满足高速铁路线下工程严格的沉降控制要求。基于佐藤?悟双折线模型提出侧阻荷载传递函数的假定模式,引入桩体自重并对荷载传递法的基本微分方程进行修正和求解,结合降水引起的桩周土体沉降计算和基于端阻弹性模型的桩端土体沉降计算,获得地下水位变化诱发的基桩沉降计算方法;采用理论推导的基桩沉降解析解,并借助嵌入荷载传递函数的有限元方法,分别对单纯桩顶荷载作用和桩顶荷载与降水共同作用两种工况下的桩侧摩阻力、桩体轴力和基桩沉降进行算例对比分析;有限元计算因考虑了由桩体沉降产生的桩周土体附加竖向位移而与理论计算略有偏差,但两种方法计算结果的变化规律基本一致,验证了降水引起的基桩沉降理论计算公式的合理性及正确性。     

复杂背景下提高精度的眼睛定位方法

提出了一种在基于肤色的人脸检测中通过进行相似度计算来实现人眼特征提取和定位的算法.其目的是在较复杂的背景环境下对静态图片中的人脸进行检测,找出脸部区域并对该人脸进行眼睛定位.先进行肤色分割来完成人脸的区域检测,然后在检测出的人脸范围中利用人脸的几何特征进行快速的眼睛定位.在人脸区域检测过程中使用均值滤波提高人脸区域定位的准确度.实验结果证明,这种方法是准确的、可靠的和快速的.     

Improvement of the Noah land surface model for warm season processes: evaluation of water and energy flux simulation

The Noah model is a land surface model of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. It has been widely used in regional coupled weather and climate models (i.e. Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Eta Mesoscale Model) and global coupled weather and climate models (i.e. National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System, Climate Forecast System). Therefore, its continued improvement and development are keys to enhancing our weather and climate forecast ability and water and energy flux simulation accuracy. North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 1 (NLDAS‐1) experiments indicated that the Noah model exhibited substantial bias in latent heat flux, total runoff and land skin temperature during the warm season, and such bias can significantly affect coupled weather and climate models. This paper presents a study to improve the Noah model by adding model parameterization processes such as including seasonal factor on leaf area index and root distribution and selecting optimal model parameters. We compared simulated latent heat flux, mean annual runoff and land skin temperature from the Noah control and test versions with measured latent heat flux, land surface skin temperature, mean annual runoff and satellite‐retrieved land surface skin temperature. The results show that the test version significantly reduces biases in latent heat, total runoff and land skin temperature simulation. The test version has been used for the NLDAS phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) to produce 30‐year water flux, energy flux and state variable products to support the US drought monitor of National Integrated Drought Information System. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

赤魟组织粗提物的抗肿瘤作用

采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)微量酶反应比色法检查赤魟三种组织(皮肤、软组织和软骨)粗提物对体外培养的人癌细胞生长的影响,用腹腔注射或灌胃法检查赤魟三种组织粗提物对小鼠移植性肉瘤180(S180)和肝癌(H22)生长的影响。结果表明,赤魟组织粗提物对体外培养的人早幼粒白血病细胞(HL-60)、人子宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)和人低分化鼻咽癌细胞(CNE-2Z)的生长无明显影响,赤魟组织粗提物无论腹腔注射还是灌胃均显著抑制小鼠肉瘤和小鼠肝癌的生长,且对体重无明显影响;当三种组织粗提物以500mg/kg/d(相当生药量,下同)的剂量连续腹腔注射(ip)15d时,对S180的抑制率分别为63.9%、47.2%和80.3%;以3500mg/kg/d连续灌胃(ig)15d时,对S180的抑制率分别为66.9%、61.5%和66.9%;以500mg/kg/d连续腹腔注射15d时,对H22的抑制率分别为43.3%、43.3%和80.4%。     

Radial groundwater flow to a finite diameter well in a leaky confined aquifer with a finite‐thickness skin

A mathematical model that describes the drawdown due to constant pumpage from a finite radius well in a two‐zone leaky confined aquifer system is presented. The aquifer system is overlain by an aquitard and underlain by an impermeable formation. A skin zone of constant thickness exists around the wellbore. A general solution to a two‐zone leaky confined aquifer system in Laplace domain is developed and inverted numerically to the time‐domain solution using the modified Crump (1976) algorithm. The results show that the drawdown distribution is significantly influenced by the properties and thickness of the skin zone and aquitard. The sensitivity analyses of parameters of the aquifer and aquitard are performed to illustrate their effects on drawdowns in a two‐zone leaky confined aquifer system. For the negative‐skin case, the drawdown is very sensitive to the relative change in the formation transmissivity. For the positive‐skin case, the drawdown is also sensitive to the relative changes in the skin thickness, and both the skin and formation transmissivities over the entire pumping period and the well radius and formation storage coefficient at early pumping time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.