Estimation of Axial Pile Bearing Capacity According to Shear Strength Parameters of Soil

At pesent,it is very popular to estimate pile bearing capacity by use of empirical formula andphysical indexes of soil provided in the design codes for civil construction in China.This paper attempts toapply mechanical indexes of soil and semi-empirical formulas,which are based on soil mechanical theoriesand were summarized and presented by Meyerhof in 1976,to calculate the axial pile bearing capacity.Lo-ading test results of 24 single piles in Tianjin area have been collected and compared with the proposed cal-ulation approach.     

水面皮层破坏-复原过程的实验室模拟研究

依据水面红外发射和红外遥感测温原理，采用HDG－高灵敏度红外测温仪和常规测量仪器相结合的方法，在实验室空气稳定条件下，模拟测得了水面皮层破坏－复原（重建）的热力过程和气－水温差对水面皮层复原过程的影响，获得了大量的测量数据。数据分析表明，当气－水温差从3．0℃变为11．5℃时，水面皮层破坏可导致皮温增量从气－水温差3．0℃时的0．15℃变到11．5℃时的0．45℃，并发现恢复时间与气－水温差呈负线性关系。     

CHIMEHERB人工皮使用的体会

从1989年4月～1990年10月,我科在69例病人中使用CHIMEHERB人工皮,覆盖治疗了供皮区,Ⅱ°烧伤创面、脱痂创面的残余肉芽创面.临床应用表明:CHIMEHERB人工皮能加快创面的愈合,是目前较好的一种创面覆盖物,用人工皮覆盖创面2～3天后,人工皮干燥,不需再换药,可减轻病人的痛苦.     

Biomarkers of Exposure and Effects for Assessing Toxicological Risk of Endocrine Disrupters in Top Predators of the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to alter hormone pathways that regulate reproductive processes in wildlife and fisheries. In this research the unexplored hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species (such as large pelagic fish and marine mammals) are potentially at risk due to EDCs is investigated. In the Mediterranean environment, top predators accumulate high concentrations of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) and toxic metals, incurring high toxicological risk. Here we illustrate the need to develop sensitive biomarkers for evaluation of toxicological risk in top marine predators (Xiphias gladius, Thunnus thynnus thynnus) and non-lethal techniques, such as non-destructive biomarkers, for the hazard assessment of threatened species exposed to EDCs, such as marine mammals ( Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Balaenoptera physalus ).     

Evolution of cool skin and direct air-sea gas transfer coefficient during daytime

Absorption of solar radiation within the thermal molecular sublayer of the ocean can modify the temperature difference across the cool skin as well as the air-sea gas transfer. Our model of renewal type is based on the assumption that the thermal and diffusive molecular sublayers below the ocean surface undergo cyclic growth and destruction, the heat and gas transfer between the successive burst events are performed by molecular diffusion. The model has been upgraded to include heating due to solar radiation. The renewal time is parameterized as a function of the surface Richardson number and the Keulegan number. A Rayleigh number criterion characterizes the convective instability of the cool skin under solar heating. Under low wind speed conditions, the solar heating can damp the convective instability, strongly increasing the renewal time and correspondingly decreasing the interfacial gas exchange. In the ocean, an additional convective instability caused by salinity flux due to evaporation becomes of importance in such cases. The new parameterization is compared with the cool skin data obtained in the western equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment in February 1993. In combination with a model of the diurnal thermocline it describes main features of the field data both in nighttime and daytime. Under low wind speed conditions (< 5 m s^-1) diurnal variations of the sea surface temperature due to the formation of a diurnal thermocline were substantially larger than those across the cool skin. Under wind speeds > 5 m s^-1, diurnal variations of the surface temperature due to the variations of the thermal molecular sublayer become more important.     

Association between multi-level inorganic arsenic exposure from drinking water and skin lesions in Inner Mongolia, China

Arsenic is one of the most important single-substance toxicants in the environment. In Inner Mongolia of China, 300000 residents are believed to drink water containing 〉50 μg/L. Skin lesions have been known as the most common consequences resulting from chronic exposure to arsenic. To clarify the prevalence of arsenic-induced skin lesions, it is important to assess the impact of this problem on the target population, and to make future planning. We evaluated the association between multi-level inorganic arsenic exposure from drinking water and skin lesions in an arsenic-affected area in Inner Mongolia, China. 109 and 32 subjects fi＇om high-level arsenic-affected （〉5 μg/L） village and low-level （≤50 μg/L） village were recruited and had detailed physical examination with special emphasis on arsenic-related skin lesions. Arsenic exposure was measured for each participant with As concentration of primary well and the duration of using the well was recorded. Arsenic-induced skin lesions including keratosis, pigmentation, and/or leucomelanosis were diagnosed in 56 and 3 subjects in the two villages, respectively. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate prevalence-odd ratios of skin lesions by levels of arsenic exposure with adjustment of sex, age group, smoking and duration of exposure. A consistent dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure level and skin lesion risk was observed.     

高桩码头桩基负摩擦力现场试验研究 ——上海洋山深水港工程现场试验

高桩码头接岸结构中的桩基础,在抛石的作用下将产生负摩擦力。通过支撑桩及自由桩上负摩擦力的现场试验研究,获得抛石过程中基桩内力随深度变化的基本规律。抛石过程中基桩上的负摩擦力主要产生在抛石段。同时,抛石作为附加荷载,将引起下方软弱土层的固结沉降,桩土之间产生相对位移,从而在抛石段下方一定范围内也产生负摩擦力作用。承台荷载对负摩擦力的大小和分布有着重要的影响。提出的负摩擦力分布规律和采用有效应力法计算层状土负摩擦力的公式,可为桩基础的设计,尤其对水下单面抛石施工的设计及采取消减负摩擦力的措施提供依据。     

人体乳腺矿化集合体类型与临床相关性分析

选取123例乳腺病理性矿化样品,利用光镜、扫描电镜对乳腺矿化进行了微形貌分类研究,并利用统计学方法探讨了乳腺矿化集合体类型与患者年龄、乳腺病变类型和癌变阶段的相关性。研究发现,根据乳腺矿化在光学显微镜下的可分辨形态,将其分为两种类型:粒状集合体与块状集合体;其中粒状集合体为小于200μm的规则粒状钙化,少部分有环带结构,和有机组织结合紧密;而块状集合体则为大于200μm的片状钙化,形状不规则。统计分析数据显示,随年龄增加,块状集合体出现病理比例增加,粒状集合体出现病理比例减少,敏感年龄分区界限为50岁;粒状集合体在50岁以上和50岁以下患者中单独出现的概率分别为24%和53%;块状集合体在乳腺原位癌(71. 4%)患者中占主导,粒状集合体在乳腺纤维腺瘤(64. 5%)患者中占主导。该研究可为未来乳腺癌的诊断提供基于乳腺矿化精细矿物学特征的辅助新方法。     

地基土沉降对复合地基影响的三维数值模拟

通过对复合地基在正常使用条件下和地基土沉降后的三维数值模拟,研究了复合地基由地下水位下降引起的地基土沉陷后的沉降、桩体摩阻力分布和桩身轴力分布的变化。分析表明：随着地基土沉降的增加,加固桩体和基础的沉降加大,中性点位置逐渐下降,桩身轴力有所增大;在加强桩中,中心桩的中性点最低,边桩次之,角桩最高;随着地基土沉降的增加,各桩中性点位置差异逐渐减小,桩体上部负摩阻力作用的桩身长度更长,负摩阻力值逐渐增大。     

广西厚皮甜瓜气候条件分析

针对厚皮甜瓜生产的气象条件，结合广西的气候特点，提出广西厚皮甜瓜生产的气候条件分析，为厚皮甜瓜在广西的生产发展提出一些建议。