Generalized ‘dependencies’ and parameter variance

The autodependence, (a special case of the — now quite obsolete — dependences, which had been introduced for very specialized astrometric purposes) is proportional to the parameter variance which is the expectation of the variance of the systematic error of a function evaluated with estimated parameters.     

Sensitivity of soil parameters in unsaturated zone modelling and the relation between effective,laboratory and in situ estimates

Simulation of soil moisture content requires effective soil hydraulic parameters that are valid at the modelling scale. This study investigates how these parameters can be estimated by inverse modelling using soil moisture measurements at 25 locations at three different depths (at the surface, at 30 and 60 cm depth) on an 80 by 20 m hillslope. The study presents two global sensitivity analyses to investigate the sensitivity in simulated soil moisture content of the different hydraulic parameters used in a one‐dimensional unsaturated zone model based on Richards' equation. For estimation of the effective parameters the shuffled complex evolution algorithm is applied. These estimated parameters are compared to their measured laboratory and in situ equivalents. Soil hydraulic functions were estimated in the laboratory on 100 cm³ undisturbed soil cores collected at 115 locations situated in two horizons in three profile pits along the hillslope. Furthermore, in situ field saturated hydraulic conductivity was estimated at 120 locations using single‐ring pressure infiltrometer measurements. The sensitivity analysis of 13 soil physical parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s), saturated moisture content (θ_s), residual moisture content (θ_r), inverse of the air‐entry value (α), van Genuchten shape parameter (n), Averjanov shape parameter (N) for both horizons, and depth (d) from surface to B horizon) in a two‐layer single column model showed that the parameter N is the least sensitive parameter. K_s of both horizons, θ_s of the A horizon and d were found to be the most sensitive parameters. Distributions over all locations of the effective parameters and the distributions of the estimated soil physical parameters from the undisturbed soil samples and the single‐ring pressure infiltrometer estimates were found significantly different at a 5% level for all parameters except for α of the A horizon and K_s and θ_s of the B horizon. Different reasons are discussed to explain these large differences. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

坐标标注和散点高程标注功能的CAD实现

利用VBA二次开发的计算机辅助设计(computeraideddesign,CAD)实现工程需求的坐标标注和散点高程标注功能。坐标标注的开发弥补了现有软件的不足,散点标注功能满足了专项工程的应用需求,解决了开发过程中的关键技术,为进一步功能拓展提供了技术支持。     

非线性能量阱减振的研究进展

结构振动的问题在海洋工程、航空航天和土木工程等领域普遍存在。建筑结构在地震、风等动力荷载作用下,会产生较大的振动响应,影响生活的舒适性,这就使得结构振动控制变得尤为重要。非线性能量阱（NES）具有宽频、频率鲁棒性高、构造简单的优点;文中综述了非线性能量阱（NES）技术在减振中的应用,主要包括非线性能量阱的减振模型、研究进展、工程中的应用进展、减振装置的参数优化以及试验装置的研发等,对非线性能量阱在不同状况的耗能过程进行了详细分析;针对非线性能量阱在动力学中的减振机制,分析了非线性能量阱比传统减振装置对主体结构耗能方面的优越性;最后,对非线性能量阱在结构减振中的应用和研究进行了总结和展望。     

工业厂房结构及非结构构件抗震性能参数研究综述

合理选择抗震性能参数是评估工业结构及非结构构件抗震性能的必要前提。针对当前工业建筑抗震性能参数缺少统一选择标准的现状,文中对抗震规范建议及行业内常用的性能参数进行阐述,探讨各参数的适用条件,并对性能参数研究中存在的问题进行分析。通过对比国内外抗震规范中的性能水平划分方法与建议的性能参数,分别从地震动强度参数、工程需求参数与损伤参数角度,分析性能参数在复杂工业结构抗震性能评估中的适用性与有效性。最后,针对工业厂房结构不规则、楼面反应谱计算等问题进行讨论。     

运用H、O同位素分析石阡地区地热水来源

通过对贵州省石阡地区地热水、冷泉及河流的地热地质条件、水化学成分及氢氧同位素分析,对该地区的地热水、冷泉及河流的水化学特征、来源及石阡地区的补给模式进行了研究.温泉水属于低中矿化度的弱碱性水;温泉群中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子以SO42-和HCO3-为主,研究区水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca和SO4.HCO...     

厚黄土覆盖山区开采沉陷预计

以铜川矿区90 5山区地表观测站的观测资料为基础,对山区地表移动变形的特征进行了具体分析,获得稳定后的走向、倾向主断面移动曲线,建立了走向主断面的下沉和水平移动表达式,把山区地表移动看作是开采影响分量和开采影响下的山坡滑移分量叠加的结果。用影响函数叠加法确定出该地质条件下的预计参数,分离出山区滑移影响参数P(x),并进行了滑移影响的定量分析和移动变形的预计检验,预计结果与实际吻合程度较好,所提出的参数求取方法和参数可在类似地质采矿条件下参考使用。     

Streeter-Phelps模型参数估计的遗传算法

提出Streeter-Phelps模型参数估计的新方法--遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm),它不同于常规参数估计方法,其优点在于,从多个初始点开始寻优,并采用交迭和变异运算避免过早地收敛到局部最优解,可获得全局最优解,且不受初始值影响.该方法不必求导计算,编程简单快捷.给出了实例计算及与其他方法相比较的结果.     

复杂条件下隧道断面形状和支护参数优化

通过有限差分法（FLAC3D）数值计算和现场试验对马蹄形断面和大曲率边墙、似圆形断面形式下隧道的支护受力和围岩变形特征进行了对比分析,得出采用似圆形断面可以有效地控制围岩的变形量和变形速率,尤其是水平收敛变形;现场变形量测时的丢失位移所占总位移比例较大,其中下台阶丢失位移比例最大;通过现场试验,对不同支护刚度下围岩压力、锚杆受力、钢架、混凝土应力以及二次衬砌分担的围岩压力和模筑混凝土受力情况进行分析,结合洞室变形的现场量测,得出二次衬砌接触压力及分担围岩压力比呈现出随着初支刚度增大而增大的规律,并综合确定了板岩段合理的支护参数。该结论对在构造应力发育的软岩地区修筑隧道提供了有益的工程经验     

Generalized plasticity state parameter‐based model for saturated and unsaturated soils. Part 1: Saturated state

The behavior of granular materials is known to depend on its loose or dense nature, which in turns depends both on density and confining pressure. Many models developed in the past require the use of different sets of constitutive parameters for the same material under different confining pressures. The purpose of this paper is to extend a basic generalized plasticity model for sands proposed by Pastor, Zienkiewicz and Chan by modifying the main ingredients of the model flow—rule, loading–unloading discriminating direction and plastic modulus—to include a dependency on the state parameter. The proposed model is tested against the available experimental data on three different sands, using for each of them a single set of material parameters, finding a reasonably good agreement between experiments and predictions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.